IDEOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS

OF GLOBALIZATION

(Learning Team #4: Narrative Report)

Leader:

Tolibas, Mikaela B.

Members:

Braga, Rersie Kate

Cunanan, Ashley Red R.

Gabat, Irish Mae S

King, Kyle Monique.

Malabad, Francheska Xavier D.

Navarette, Charliemae

Pastorfide, Bryce

Reyes, Crystalyn

Sarthou, Marc

Tandog, Julie Mae M.

BSHM 1-1
Competencies:

By the end of the lesson, learners ought to have a deeper understanding of the
ideological dimensions of globalization.

Learning Target:

▪ Ideological Dimension of Globalization

▪ What is Ideology?

▪ Elements of Ideology

▪ Functions of Ideology

▪ Ideology and Social Imaginary

▪ Traditional and Modern Ideologies

▪ Emerging Ideology of Globalism

▪ Six Core Claims of Globalization

Learning Objectives:

▪ Define the concept of ideology.

▪ Describe the elements of ideology.

▪ Discuss the functions of ideology.

▪ Define social imaginary and explain its significance.

▪ Identify and explain the six core claims of globalization

 • WHAT IS IDEOLOGY?

The term "ideology" was first used in 1796 by Destutt de Tracy (as cited in
Heywood, 2007), who explained that it refers primarily to the "science of new ideas." It
did not appear in the vocabulary of globalization until the early 1990s when a small group
of people began to consider the ideological component of the phenomenon. Ideology,
according to Ijabs (2014), is a collection of widely held beliefs about a society that are
typically advocated to support a particular kind of political activity. Ideologies serve an
explanatory purpose by offering answers to social realities and problems, assisting
individuals and groups in finding their place in society. Additionally, they serve an
analyzing purpose. Even if the majority of today's ideologies attempt to appear objective
and completely factual, they still differentiate between the "good" and "bad" of social life.
Finally, ideologies offer instructions for action: a person must act on his or her ideological
views and ideals in order to better social situations. As a result, the majority of ideologies
also contain at least the most basic components of political plans.

• ELEMENTS OF IDEOLOGY
− An Interpretation of the Existing, Economic, Social, and Political
Arrangement

In explaining the crucial principles of Ideology, it is common practice among the

scholars of political science to start with the interpretation of the existing economic, social,
and pollical arrangements. this does not stop, however, with the description of the existing
condition of the society but continues with the identification of the means by which the
current situation can be improved.

− A Vision of the Future

Another important element of an ideology is the vision for a successful future of

the society. Once the existence of an unfavorable situation is established, the next logical
step on the part of an ideology is to propose a better condition that can replace the existing
one. The succeeding condition understandably is expected to establish a better situation
for the society where its members can maximize their potential.
 − A Strategy for Realizing the future

The most difficult to implement among the three elements of ideology is the
conceptualization of strategies that will lead to the realization of the desired condition for
the society. Articulating an effective strategy to accomplish the desired condition and ideal
or perfect society does not come in handy. it takes an intensive exercise of intellect on
the part of an individual espousing the ideology.

• FOUR MAIN FUNCTIONS OF IDEOLOGY

Ideology has four main functions, which are in.

1) Explanation
2) Evaluation
3) Orientation
4) Political Program

1. Explanation (Explaining Social, Political, And Economic Conditions That People Face)

The first function of ideology, according to Ball and Dagger, is to explain the social,
political, and economic conditions that people face (Ball & Dagger, 2002). The authors
use a slew of illustrations to explain this function. A Marxist ideology, for example, defines
wars as "an outgrowth of capitalists' competition for foreign markets," whereas a Fascist
ideology interprets wars as "tests of one's national "will" against another's" (Ball & Dagger,
2002, p. 6). Thus, theorists aim to answer complex questions posed by society, such as
(1) why do people fight against each other? (2) What are the root causes of economic
problems? (3) What is the source of national hatred? (4) and so forth.

Definition of Terms:

• Marxist is someone who strongly agrees with the political, economic, and
philosophical ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
• Fascist or Fascism a way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by
a dictator controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to disagree
with the government.

2. Evaluation (Evaluating Social Conditions)

This means that ideology assists people in making assessments of the events that
occur around them. This is distinct from simply explaining why things happen because
knowing the reasons for certain occurrences does not imply that one can decide whether
they are positive or negative. As a result, ideology is intended to assess the world's
developments. To help readers understand this better, Ball and Dagger explain that
ideology not only answers the question of why wars happen, but it also helps people find
answers to other important questions such as "are all wars evils to be avoided or are
some morally justifiable?" " (Ball and Dagger,2002, p. 6).

3. Orientation. (Orienting People to Help Them Find Their Place in Society)

The third function of ideology is orientation. It is where individuals are oriented to

help them find their place in society. According to Ball and Dagger, this means that
ideology helps people develop their sense of identity or understand who they are, what
race they are, what social position they have, and so on. For instance, if you are a
communist, you are most certainly a member of the working class. Other ideologies assist
their followers to get oriented and identify their situation or position in society. To simplify,
an ideology gives its followers a sense of direction and identity.

4. Political Program. (Dictating A Plan of Social and Political Actions)

An ideology tells its followers what to do and how to do it. It performs a

programmatic or prescriptive function by laying out a general program of social and
political action. Political ideologies prescribe cures for sick societies and treatments to
keep societies healthy. Different ideologies advocate for very different courses of action,
but all advocate for some sort of program.

To put it simply, ideology directs people as to what they should do and how they
should do it. For example, instructors in gyms advise people on how to lose weight or
become healthier, while doctors in hospitals advise patients on how to recover from
diseases. Similarly, ideologists advise people on how to live in specific social, economic,
and political circumstances. (Ball and Dagger, p.17, 2002)

• IDEOLOGY AND SOCIAL IMAGINARY

IDEOLOGY

An ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual. On the other hand,

often an unconscious set of beliefs and expectations of how the world should work within
a particular culture. Ideology has an emotional component, one feels a certain way’ about
events, beliefs, values, behavior, etc. Ideology can affect behavior, policy, treatment of
others, economics, and politics.

SOCIAL IMAGINARY

Social imaginaries refer not to something unreal or fictitious existing only in the mind of
an individual, but to the shared frameworks within which people organize their collective
social world. Further information, Social Imaginary is a collective understanding of how
the world should be and how we should live in it, a dominant commonsense of a period
or a place.

• TRADITIONAL AND MODERN IDEOLOGIES

Traditional Ideologies

Liberalism

− Liberal comes from the Latin, liber meaning “free”

− Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the
governed, and equality before the Law
− Liberalism originated from the writing of John Locke (1632 - 1704)
− Most recent liberals trace their roots to John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1837)
− Liberalism has four principles related to freedom:
− Personal freedom
 − Limited government
− Equality of right
− Consent of the governed

Conservatism

− Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that promotes and seeks
to preserve traditional social institutions. The core principles of conservatism may
vary from region to region depending on the traditions and practices of the region,
but they all oppose modernism and seek a return to traditional values.
− Edmund Burke the founder of Modern Conservatism on the French Revolution in
(1790) that “society is a complex web of relationships among the past, present,
and future.”

Socialism

− Refers to a system with state or collective (public) ownership of the means of

production and distribution of goods and services
− Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization
advocating public or state ownership and administration of the means of production
and distribution of goods, and a society characterized by equal opportunities for all
individuals, with a fair or egalitarian method of compensation.
− The goal is to provide high-quality, relatively equal conditions of life for everyone
− Based on Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Planning

Common ownership

Equality of result

Selflessness

Communism

− is a social, philosophical, political, and economic ideology whose main objective is

the formation of a society where there is common ownership and the means of
 production are owned by the common masses without the presence of social
classes, money, and the state.
− According to Marx and Engels, a person’s view of the world depends on its class
membership
− Furthermore, according to Marx, material production or economic relationships are
basic to all life.

Modern Ideologies

Feminism

− A range of political movements, social movements, and philosophical viewpoints

aim to specify and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality
of the genders.
− Moreover, it also focuses on the position of women in society and the roles they
play, improving the status of women will also benefit them in everything whatever
their gender. Stating that women should be given the same opportunity and rights
to socialization as men.
− The three feminism theories:

Liberal Feminism - Focus on the subordinate position of women in politics &

investigating the causes of this subordination within a positivist framework

Critical Feminism - Focus on the ideational and material manifestations of

gendered identities and gendered power in politics.

Feminist Constructivism - Focus on the way that ideas about gender shape and
are shaped by global politics.

Environmentalism

− Emphasizing the “post-material” and “green” values, is also an alternative to an

anthropocentric or human-centered stance.
− Developed in the 1970s + 80 in Western Europe, recently entered “high politics” in
some other countries.
 It is a broad ideology, social and ethical movement that focuses on protecting the
environment and improving ecology so that both humans and animals may live
peacefully in their own environments.

Nationalism

− It is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the
state, related to the perception of the importance of the nation-state. As a
movement, Nationalism seeks to advance a specific nation's interests, particularly
with the goal of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance)
over its motherland.
− One of the types of nationalism is Modern nationalism was perhaps born with the
French Revolution. When the French ‘nation in arms’ opposed the invading
European powers (after 1792) and years later when people in other countries
fought the French (Napoleon) occupation.

Other Traditional and Modern Political Ideologies

− Anarchism
− Authoritarianism
− Communitarianism
− Corporatism
− Democracy
− Fascism and Nazism
− Identity Politics
− Libertarianism
− Populism
− Progressivism

• EMERGING IDEOLOGY OF GLOBALISM

 The term "globalism" is also traditionally used to distinguish between the mechanics
of globalization and its ideologies (the subjective meanings and the objective practices).
In this regard, nationalism is to nationality what globalism is to globalization.

Investigating the ideologies that underlie globalization and give it its values and
meanings, "Ideologies of Globalization: Market Globalism, Justice Globalism, and
Religious Globalism" looks at these three topics. Advocates of market globalism
guarantee a consumerist, neoliberal, free-market society.

Many influential people subscribe to this concept, which they think spreads democracy
and benefits everyone. It can, however, be politically driven and it also perpetuates
inequalities. A worldwide civil society with more equitable connections and environmental
protections is what justice globalism envisions.

They disagree with proponents of the free market who see neoliberalism as the sole
solution. The goal of religious globalism is to create a global religious community that is
superior to secular institutions.

An ideology that is against globalization and not in support of it. Ideology is frequently
used in a global context to force and fracture rather than align and integrate, which has
typically been the goal of globalization.

• THE SIX CORE CLAIMS OF GLOBALIZATION (GUARDA, 2021)

1. Globalization is about the Liberation and Global Integration of Markets.

2. Globalization is Inevitable and Irreversible

3. Nobody is in charge of Globalization

4. Globalization Benefits Everyone

5. Globalization Furthers the Spread of Democracy in the World

6. Globalization Requires War on Terror

1. Globalization is about the Liberation and Global Integration of Markets.

It emphasizes the market concept and calls for the free market to be adopted. the
liberal notion of a self-regulatory market serving as the typical foundation for a post-
industrial world order informed the main argument. It is promoted as a desirable natural
phenomenon that also offers more opportunities to those who wish to create their own
business in the free market and less restriction on the government.

2. Globalization is Inevitable and Irreversible

The market is still discussed in terms of Marxist Hegelian determinism despite the
assumption that it is founded on the independent intersubjective decisions of independent
and individual rational agents within a liberally constituted democratic society.

Globalization is passively accepted yet aggressively promoted because it is viewed

as the historical local of the universe's organizational principles.

3. Nobody is in charge of Globalization

Without restrictions from other authorities, we can freely trade our goods and
services with other nations. the items that are commonly traded are consumer goods,
such as television sets and clothing, and capital goods, such as machinery, raw materials,
and food. also, most countries are very possessive of their economy

4. Globalization Benefits Everyone

According to globalists, free trade and free markets will bring wealth and success
to everybody. Free trade is the selling of products from one place or country to another
without government restrictions, while the free market is the freedom of the seller to sell
their products or service at their own price that can depend on the supply and demand of
that certain product or service. It promotes economic progress, lifting many people out of
poverty, and expanding the middle class over time. According to Steger (2005, cited as
Guarda, 2021), there is also an increase in the rapid diffusion of information, and
technological innovation, like in our cellphones, years ago, we only have the Nokia brand
but now, it is enhanced by inventing the Android and Apple Brand. Also, during this
pandemic, gadgets have been useful to us. Just like what everyone says, technology
makes the world closer. Lastly, the growth of skilled jobs or professionals, well-
experienced people, and people with degrees is increasing also. This helps us because
we are having more teachers and innovators.

5. Globalization Furthers the Spread of Democracy in The World

The globalists believe that democracy, free markets, freedom, and free trade are
all identical. While free markets and free trade refer to a particular type of economic
system and democracy and freedom to a particular type of political system, globalization
experts and politicians argue the interconnectivity of the two systems. Regarding the
political system, it concentrates on the voting process, which gives us the freedom to
choose the leaders of our nations. Regarding the economic system, it prioritizes free trade,
in which goods and services can be bought and sold across international borders without
being hindered by government tariffs, quotas, subsidies, and restrictions.

6. Globalization Requires War on Terror

Global free trade and economic prosperity are stalled by terrorism. For example,
the terrorism of the Maute group against Mar Marawi City, right after that, many of them
their jobs, lost their homes, not to mention their loved ones who are gone, right?

However, because of globalization, something has happened. Remember the

donations they asked us for them. Also, according to my research, even the US donated
to them. And that is how globalization works, helping people from one place to another.
Therefore, hypothetically, it's not that I want it to happen, but if terrorism happens, the
world or people should be united because the economy of a country depends on it. In
addition, the most effective way to reduce terrorism is to use international law in
collaboration with the appropriate institutions to foster international cooperation.
 References

Ball, T., Dagger, R., and O'Neil, D., 2002."Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal".
Ninth Edition. Pearson Education. ISBN-13: 978-0-205-96255-6 ISBN-10: 0-205-
96255
http://fbemoodle.emu.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/74129/mod_resource/content/1/Politic
al_ideologies_1.pdf

Bihasa, C., R., M. (2022). The Contemporary World: Looking Through the Lenses of

Globalization. ISBN 978-621-409-174-4

Earle, S. (2020). Social Imaginaries Project https://socialimaginaries.org/the-imaginary-

system-of-society/

Heywood (2007). The Contemporary World. Looking Through the Lenses of Globalization.
ISBN 978-621-409-174-4

Ijabs, I. (2014). Ideology and Quality of Life. In: Michalos, A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of
Quality of life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1368

Guarda N.J. N. (2021). Tcw Six Core Claims.

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-the-east-
philippines/international-politics/tcw-six-core-claims-about-six-core-of-
globalization-and-the-
examples/19557136?fbclid=IwAR1XCaI6IWwjCsFT4rbaPLEbedIRB1c05lMbQex
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StudyCorgi. 2022. "Ideology and Ideologies” Chapter, Ball and Dagger." January 7, 2022.

https://studycorgi.com/ideology-and-ideologies-chapter-ball-and-dagger//