Johnny Ang National High School

Katangawan, General Santos City

LESSON PLAN IN PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS – GRADE 11

CONTENT: Random Variables and Probability Distributions

CONTENT STANDARDS: The learners demonstrate an understanding of key concepts of random

variables and probability distributions.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS: The learner is able to apply an appropriate random variable for a

given real-life problem (such as in decision making and games of chance).

LEARNING COMPETENCY: The learner computes probabilities corresponding to a given random

variable. (M11/12SP-IIIa-6)

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Find the probability corresponding to a given random variable; and
2. Participate actively in the class discussion.

II. SUBJECT MATTER:

Topic: Probability of a Random Variable
References: Conceptual Math and Beyond
Statistics and Probability
Authors: Jose M. Ocampo Jr.,Ph.D, et. al; pp. 6-14
Handbook on Introductory Statistics, Third Edition
Author: Ester L. Raagas; pp. 57-58
Simplified Approach to Statistics
Authors: Ma. Felisa D. Angeles, et. al; pp. 214-215
Materials: visual aids, activity sheets, manila paper, pentel pen

III. PROCEDURES:

A. Preliminary Activities:
a. Prayer
b. Checking of Attendance
c. Reminders

B. Lesson Proper

a. Review

Determine the values of the variable in each of the following situations.

1. Two coins are tossed. Let T be the number of tails that occurs. Determine the
values of the random variable T.

2. Suppose three coins are tossed and we are interested to determine the number
of heads that will come out. Let us use H to represent the number of heads that
will come out. Determine the values of the random variable H.

b. Motivation

Do you like playing different ball games? How about games of chance
such as lotto? Is your chance of winning the game high? Why or why not?
 c. Presentation (I DO IT!)

Decision-making is an important aspect in business, education, insurance,

and other real-life situations. Many decisions are made by assigning probabilities
to all possible outcomes pertaining to the situation and then evaluating the results.
For instance, an insurance company might be able to assign probabilities to the
number of vehicles a family owns. This information will help the company in
making decisions regarding future financial situations.

Probability of Simple Events: If each of the outcomes in a sample space is

equally likely to occur, then the probability of an event E, denoted as P(E) is
given by

P(E) = number of outcomes in event

number of outcomes in the sample space

Probability distribution is a correspondence that assigns probabilities to

the values of a random variable. It is a listing of the possible values and the
corresponding probabilities of a discrete random variable or a formula for the
probabilities.

Example 1: Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable
representing the number of tails that occur. Find the probability of each of the
values of the random variable Y.

Solution:

Steps Solutions

1. Determine the sample space. Let H The sample space for this experiment is:
represent head and T represent tail. S= {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, HHT, HTH, THH,
HHH}

Possible Outcomes Value of the

Random Variable Y
(number of tails)
2. Count the number of tails in each TTT 3
outcome in the sample space and TTH 2
assign this number to this outcome. THT 2
HTT 2
HHT 1
HTH 1
THH 1
HHH 0

3. There are four possible values of

random variable Y representing the Number of Tails Y Probability P(Y)
number of tails. These are 0,1,2, and
3. Assign probability values P(Y) to
each value of the random variable.
 There are 8 possible outcomes
and no tail occurs once, so the 0 1
probability that we shall assign 8
1
to the random variable 0 is .
8

 There are 8 possible outcomes 3

1
and 1 tail occurs three times, so
8
the probability that we shall
assign to the random variable 1
3
is .
8
2 3
 There are 8 possible outcomes 8
and 2 tails occur three times, so
the probability that we shall
assign to the random variable 2
3
is .
8
3 1
8

 There are 8 possible outcomes

and 3 tails occur once, so the
probability that we shall assign
1
to the random variable 3 is .
8

Example 2. Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from an urn
containing 5 red balls and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random variable representing the
number of blue balls. Find the probability of each of the values of Z.
 The teacher will answer the second example by showing to the students the
same steps used in the previous example to arrive the answer. This will be
done for further explanation and for the mastery of the subject matter.
(Modelling)

d. Guided Practice (WE DO IT!)

 The class will be divided into three groups.
 The teacher will give problems to the students and with his guidance and help
they will be able to master the steps in solving those problems and arrive with
the correct answer.
 In each group the students will work with a pair and discuss their solutions.
Fast learners will be paired to slow learners to facilitate and make the learning
process. They are allowed to look for another partner to find out if their
solutions and answers are correct. Emphasize to them that the more partners
they will work with the better.
 Each group will have one representative to discuss their output.
 A rubric will be used in rating the students’ output.

Find the probabilities of the variable in each of the following situations.

1. A coin was flipped four times. Let T be the number of tails that come out.
 2. A school canteen serves lunch for students. A set of menu consists of 1 type
of rice, 1 type viand, and 1 type of drink.

Rice Viand Drink

fried rice chicken adobo pineapple juice

steamed rice pinakbet orange juice

A student taking lunch in the canteen is selected at random.

a. What is the probability that the student chose pineapple

juice as a drink?
b. What is the probability that the student chose steamed rice
and pineapple juice?
c. What is the probability that the student chose chicken adobo
and orange juice?
d. What is the probability that the student chose pinakbet and
pineapple juice?

Guided Questions:

1. How did you find the activity?

2. What were the steps do you use?
3. Is this useful to our daily life activities? Why or why not?
RUBRIC:

No Criteria Points
.
1 Accuracy (correctness of answers) 10
2 Logical Reasoning (delivery of report, manner of answering 10
students’ queries)
Total 20

IV. Independent Practice (YOU DO IT!) / Evaluation

Find the probabilities of the variable in each of the following situations.

1. A basket contains 10 ripe and 4 unripe mangoes. If three mangoes are taken
from the basket one after the other, determine the possible values of the
random variable R representing the number of ripe mangoes.

2. A box contains five red, two white, and three green balls. If a ball is selected at
random, find the probability that it is

a. red
b. white
c. green

V. ASSIGNMENT:

Think about your daily experience. How is probability utilized in newspapers,

television shows and radio programs that interest you? What are your general impressions
 of the ways in which probability is used in the print media and entertainment industry?
Make a reflective journal.

Prepared by:

ALJON D. TABUADA, T-II

Johny-ang National High School

Checked by:

MARILYN E. CATEQUISTA
Principal I