CHAPTER 1
What is the nurse's most
A nurse is instructing a pregnant client
concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a
Pregnancy Category D drug. What should the
nurse inform the client?
- “There is evidence of human fetal
risk, but the potential benefits from
use of the drug may be acceptable
despite potential risks.”
The nurse is caring for an older adult who
needs to know that drugs, even when taken
correctly, can produce negative or unexpected
effects. The nurse should address what topic
during health education?
- Adverse effects
The nurse is assisting with a phase I drug study.
What potential participant would be most
appropriate?
- 22-year-old male with an
unremarkable health history.
The care provider has prescribed intravenous
hydromorphone, an opioid, for a client using a
client-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. The
nurse is aware this drug has a high abuse
potential. Under what category would
hydromorphone be classified?
- Schedule II
The nurse is preparing to administer a
medication from a multidose bottle. The label
is torn and soiled but the name of the
medication is still readable. What is the nurse's
priority action?
- Discard the entire bottle and contents
and obtain a new bottle
A nurse is unfamiliar with a drug that a client in
the community has recently been prescribed.
What information source should the nurse
consult?
- A nurse’s drug guide / The Physicians’
Drug Reference (PDR)
The nurse is preparing a client for discharge
knowing the client will be self-administering
medication at home.
appropriate action?
- Provide thorough medication
teaching about drugs and the drug
regimen
The nurse has just administered a client's
medication. What action should the nurse
perform next?
- Assess for drug effects
The client looks at the prescription provided by
the doctor and asks the nurse about the
notation “DAW.” What implication of this
notation should the nurse explain?
- The pharmacy where the client fills
the prescription will not substitute a
generic drug
What goal should a nurse set when beginning a
course on pharmacology for nurses?
- At the completion of the course, the
nurse will know general drug
information because the nurse can
consult a drug guide for specific drug
information.
A nurse working in radiology administers
iodine to a client who is having a computed
tomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on
the oncology unit administers chemotherapy
to clients who have cancer. At the Public
Health Department, a nurse administers a
measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine to a
14-month-old child as a routine immunization.
Which branch of pharmacology best describes
the actions of all three nurses?
- Pharmacotherapeutics
The client asks the nurse, “Is it safe to take
over-the-counter (OTC) medications with
prescription medications?” What are
appropriate responses by the nurse? Select all
that apply (SATA).
- “It is important to tell your doctor all
medications you take, including OTC.”
 - “OTC medications can interact with
prescription medications.”
- “OTC medications could mask or hide
signs and symptoms of a disease.”
What concept is prioritized when a provider is
considering the substitution of brand name
drug with a generic drug?
- Bioavailability
The client is prescribed a medication that was
just placed in phase IV study. The client tells
the nurse, “This medication is too expensive.
Could the doctor order a generic form of this
medication?” What is the nurse's best
response?
- “Medications are not produced in
generic form until the patent expires,
which normally takes several years.”
While studying for the test, the nursing
student encounters the following drug:
papaverine (Pavabid). What does the nursing
student identify the name Pavabid as?
- The brand name
A nursing student is preparing to begin a
pharmacology course. The student should
anticipate what areas of study? Select all that
apply (SATA)
- Impact of drugs on the body
- The body's response to a drug
- Adverse and anticipated drug effects
When involved in phase III drug evaluation
studies, what action should the nurse
perform?
- Monitor and observe clients closely
for adverse effects
The nurse, working on the maternity unit,
receives a call from a pregnant woman asking
how she can know whether a medication is
safe to take while pregnant. What is the
nurse's best response?
- “Never take medication until you
receive approval from your health
care provider.”
The client tells the nurse about a new drug
being tested to treat the disease she was
diagnosed with and asks the nurse whether the
doctor can prescribe a medication still in the
pre-clinical phase of testing. What is the
nurse's best response?
- “Drugs in the preclinical phase of
testing are only tested on animals and
so would not be available to you.”
While collecting a medication history, the
client admits to doubling the recommended
dosage of acetaminophen, saying “It's
harmless or they would require a
prescription.” What is the nurse's best
response?
- “OTC drugs are serious medications
and carry serious risks if not taken as
directed.”
Chapter 2
The nurse has administered a drug that is
known to be lipid soluble. This drug's solubility
will primarily affect what aspect of
pharmacokinetics?
- Distribution of the drug
The nurse is providing medication teaching for
a client. The nurse has asked the client to
provide a complete list of medications taken to
health care providers. Ensuring this list is
complete will have what potential benefit for
the client?
- Reducing the client's likelihood of
drug–drug interactions
What physiologic processes contribute to the
achievement of dynamic equilibrium when a
nurse administers a drug? Select all that apply.
- Absorption from site where the drug
enters the body
- Excretion from the body
- Biotransformation
- Distribution to the site where the
drug is active
A nurse is administering digoxin to a client. To
administer medications so that the drug is as
effective as possible, the nurse should
prioritize what factor?
- The process of pharmacokinetics
A nurse is caring for a client who has been
receiving a drug by the intramuscular route at
a dose of 0.25 mg. After discharge, the client
will be prescribed the same medication orally
at a dose of 2.5 mg. What phenomenon should
the nurse describe when explaining the reason
for the increased dosage for the oral dose?
- First-pass effect
The serum lithium levels of a client with
bipolar disorder have risen to the minimum
level required to have a therapeutic effect.
This client's serum lithium levels have achieved
- critical concentration.
A client has recently moved from Vermont to
South Florida. The client presents to the clinic
reporting “dizzy spells” and weakness. The
client tells the nurse that he has been on the
same antihypertensive drug for 6 years, with
stable blood pressures and no adverse effects.
The clinic nurse knows that one possible
reason for the change in the effectiveness of
the drug could be what?
- The impact of the warmer
environment on the client's physical
status
A client's unexpected response to a new
medication has been attributed to
characteristics of the client's genetic make-up.
What area of study best explains this client's
medication response?
- Pharmacogenomics
The nurse is assessing factors that may affect
the absorption of a drug that the nurse will
soon administer. What factor should the nurse
prioritize?
- The route of administration that has
been prescribed
The client is taking a drug that affects the body
by increasing cellular activity. Where does this
drug work on the cell?
- Receptor sites
The nurse is caring for a diverse group of
clients. In which client should the nurse assess
for an alteration in drug metabolism?
- A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of
the liver
A client has been prescribed a medication that
is known to be a drug agonist. This drug will
have what effect?
- The drug will interact directly with
receptor sites to cause the same
activity that a natural chemical would
cause at that site.
A client presents to the emergency
department with a drug level of 50 units/mL.
The half-life of this drug is 1 hour. With this
drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are
considered toxic, and no more drug is given.
How long will it take for the blood level to
reach the nontoxic range? Provide your answer
measured in minutes.
- 60 minutes
A nurse has identified the half-life of a drug
that will be administered to a client for the
first time. The nursing drug guide states that
the drug's half-life is 90 minutes. The nurse
should identify what implication of this fact?
- Ninety minutes after drug levels peak,
there will be 50% of the peak level
The nurse is preparing to administer an
intramuscular dose of meperidine to a client in
pain. The nurse should identify what factor
that will affect the absorption of the drug by
this route?
- Environmental temperature
The client is taking a 2-mg dose of ropinerol
XR. The drug has a half-life of 12 hours. In how
many hours will 0.25 mg of this drug remains
in the client's system?
 - 36 HOURS
CHAPTER 3&4
Which factor has the most significant effect on
a child's response to the administration of a
medication?
- body weight
The caregiver of an older adult client with
ischemic heart disease tells the nurse that the
client is only taking around half of the
prescribed dosage of several medications.
What possible effect should the nurse explain
when providing health education?
- Reduced therapeutic effect
An older adult client who lives independently
has just been prescribed a drug that can cause
sedation. What would be the priority nursing
diagnosis for this client?
- risk of injury
The nurse admits a client who has a known
history of recreational drug use. The client
denies it during the nursing assessment. How
should the nurse best explain the need for full
disclosure when obtaining the client’s
medication history?
- "Drugs often have an effect on other
drugs so it is important to know what
you take before I give you any
additional medications."
A mother asks why she cannot use adult
dosages of over-the-counter (OTC) medication
for her 11-year-old child. Which explanation
best demonstrates the nurse’s understanding
of the importance of the mother’s question?
- Drug therapy in children requires
special considerations because of the
child's size, developmental level, and
organ function.
The nurse is assessing a client new to the
clinic. The client says she is allergic to
penicillin. What action should the nurse do
next?
- Assess the exact nature of the client's
response to the drug
The nurse is assessing a client whose asthma is
being treated with ephedrine. What
assessment finding should the nurse attribute
to a possible adverse reaction?
- The client's blood glucose levels are
200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)
What is the first of the five steps in the nursing
process?
- Assessment
What is true concerning medication errors?
- The nurse is responsible for ensuring
medication safety.
A nurse gives a client 0.25 mg of digoxin
instead of the prescribed dose of 0.125 mg.
What should the nurse do next?
- Assess the client and notify the
client’s health care provider.
A client in distress is brought to the emergency
department by ambulance. Emergency medical
technicians state that an anaphylactic reaction
from oral penicillin is suspected. Which of the
nurse's assessment findings best supports this
diagnosis?
- Blood pressure: 186/100 mm Hg,
shortness of breath
During which phase of the nursing process
would the nurse prepare and administer one
or more drugs to a specific client?
- implementation/intervention
The nurse is reviewing the client's medication
orders and finds an order stating “amoxicillin
250 mg every 8 hours.” What is the nurse’s
best action?
- Ask the prescriber to confirm the
route.
A client presents at the clinic reporting vaginal
itching and a clear discharge. The client reports
to the nurse that she has been taking an oral
antibiotic for 13 days. What is the nurse's best
action?
- Assess for further signs of an adverse
reaction to the antibiotic
An older adult who has been taking a
macrolide antibiotic has developed auditory
nerve damage. What instructions should the
nurse provide for the family regarding home
care?
- Provide protective measures to
prevent falling or injury.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been
taking potassium-sparing diuretic. What
assessment finding would suggest an adverse
reaction?
- Calcium level of 10.6 mg/dL (2.5
mmol/L)
The nurse is caring for a client receiving an
antineoplastic medication who reports fever,
chills, sore throat, weakness, and back pain.
The nurse should recognize the possibility of
what adverse effect?
- Blood dyscrasia
The nurse should consider teratogenic effects
when caring for what clients? Select all that
apply.
- A 29-year-old client receiving prenatal
care in her first trimester of
pregnancy
- A 37-year-old female client who is
taking fertility drugs
A nurse is planning client teaching about a
newly prescribed drug. What teaching point
should the nurse provide to best improve
adherence and safety?
- Measures to alleviate any discomfort
associated with adverse effects
A client who regularly takes antihistamines for
severe allergies is planning a tropical vacation.
What health education related to drug therapy
should the nurse provide?
- “Avoid sightseeing during the hottest
part of the day.”
A client with seasonal allergies is taking an OTC
antihistamine to relieve itchy, watery eyes, and
a runny nose. When planning teaching for this
client, the nurse would include what teaching
point?
- Avoid driving or operating machinery.
The nurse's assessment of a community-
dwelling adult suggests that the client may
have drug allergies that have not been
previously documented. What statement by
the client would confirm this?
- “I broke out in hives and got terribly
itchy when I started a new
prescription last year.”
In order to promote therapeutic drug effects,
the nurse should always encourage clients to
- take their medication at the
prescribed doses & times.
Most institutions have their own policies for
reporting medication errors.
- Strongly Agree
A nurse is providing teaching to a group of
clients who are beginning drug therapy for
human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV).
What should the nurse teach the group?
- “Make sure not to take more than
prescribed, because poisoning can
cause damage to more than one body
system.”
A client with Parkinson's disease has been
prescribed an anticholinergic medication. The
client reports that he is having difficulty
voiding. The nurse should recognize that this
client is experiencing
- a secondary action of the drug.
A nurse is alert for any adverse effects of a
medication on a client. This alertness in
assessment is essential in providing for
- client safety.
Drug Administration Quiz
A sweetened & aromatic solution of alcohol
used as a vehicle for medical agents
- elixir
Medication is to be given for a specified
number of doses. It may also indicate that the
drug is to be administered until discontinued
at a later date.
- standing order
The study of dosage or amount of drugs given
in the treatment of disease.
- posology
Tablets that has a substance that enables them
to pass through the stomach and into the
intestine unchanged.
- enteric coated
A basic nursing function that involves skillful
technique and consideration of the patient’s
development and safety.
- medication administration
A powdered drug compressed into hard small
disc; some are readily broken along a scored
line. It comprises a mixture of active
substances and usually in powder form,
pressed or compacted from a powder into a
solid dose.
- Tablet
The study of the effects of drugs on living
organism.
- pharmacology
A written order of preparation and
administration of a drug is called
- medication administration
Generally used in emergency basis. The drug is
to be administered as soon as possible but only
once.
- drug order
It is a substance administered for the
diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of a
symptom or for prevention of disease.
- Medication
The most common intraosseous (IO) devices
includes blue cap for children and red cap for
adult.
- False
The drug is injected by syringe and needle into
the tissues just beneath the skin. The
preparation must be in a sterile liquid capable
of complete absorption or it will irritate the
tissues.
- Subcutaneous
The common site for intraosseous (IO) are BIG:
proximal tibia and humerus; EZ-IO: proximal
and distal tibia and humerus; First Access for
Shock and Trauma I (FAST 1): sternum.
- True
Prevents medications from leaking back to the
subcutaneous tissue. Advised to use for
medications that causes visible and permanent
skin discolorations (e.g. iron dextran)
- Z-track technique
Fluids, crystalloids, blood products and
medications administered via intraosseous (IO)
infusion into the bone marrow enter the
circulation through the network of venous
sinusoids. It is used when intravenous (IV)
access is not possible.
- True
Compared with other routes of administration,
the intramuscular route is the fastest way to
deliver medications throughout the body.
- False
Subcutaneous Injection Sites are the following,
EXCEPT
 - Gluteal area
Parenteral medications are those introduced
by injection. All drugs used by this route must
have these qualities, EXCEPT
- powder form
The drug is injected into the upper layers of
the skin, rather than under the skin as in a
subcutaneous injection.
- Intradermal
Catheter cannula used to patient's who are for
operation or may receive blood transfusion
during the course of their therapy needs an IV
cannulation gauge 18 with designated color
- Blue
Chapter 7&8
The process of moving contents from inside
the cell through the cell membrane and into
the extracellular fluid is called
- Exocytosis
A professor is teaching a group of students
about the role of mitochondria within the cell.
Which statements is true of mitochondria?
- They are the site of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) production.
A nurse is caring for a client in the intensive
care unit. The client was admitted 2 hours ago
with a severe infection and was started on
empiric therapy. Which test will be done to
identify drug susceptibility?
- Culture and sensitivity
Which statement by a client indicates to the
nurse that additional teaching concerning the
use of antimicrobials is needed?
- “I will stop the antibiotic as soon as I
feel better.”
Which instruction is appropriate to include in
the health teaching for a client receiving anti-
infective medication?
- Medication needs to be taken as
prescribed.
An older adult client is prescribed an anti-
infective agent. Which would the nurse need
to keep in mind?
- Liver and kidney function may be
reduced, requiring cautious use.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been
receiving a broad-spectrum anti-infective
agent for several days. What signs and
symptoms should the nurse monitor closely?
- destruction of normal flora
A nurse who works on a pulmonary unit should
know how blood destroys microorganisms and
other characteristics of the immune system.
The client has been admitted to the health
care facility with pneumonia. Based on this
information, what would be the best
explanation by the nurse to the client about
which constituent of blood destroys pathogens
and develops immunity to diseases such as
pneumonia?
- Leukocytes
A client has returned for the third time to the
provider’s office after repeated doses of
different antibiotics. Which does the nurse
suspect?
- Antibiotic resistance
A 70-year-old client has been prescribed an
antimicrobial drug for the treatment of a
urinary tract infection (UTI). What teaching
point should the nurse prioritize when
providing client education?
- “Make sure that you take all the pills
that you're prescribed, even if your
infection gets better.”
The cytoplasm within a cell is currently stable
within the cell membrane. This cell is in what
state?
- Homeostasis
The most important part of the cell that acts as
a semipermeable structure that separates the
intracellular and extracellular environments is
the:
- plasma membrane
When a cell uses energy to move ions against
an electrical or chemical gradient, what is the
process called?
- active transport
Which component in the organelle has the
main function of organizing macromolecules
and the subsequent packaging and
transportation of these macromolecules
throughout the cell?
- Golgi apparatus
The nurse is describing the variations in the
number of mitochondria that exist in different
types of cells. The nurse should explain what
effect of having large numbers of mitochondria
in a cell?
- Increased energy production
A client with diabetic nephropathy has
received a kidney transplant and the care team
believes that the client's cells may not be
recognizing the new organ's histocompatibility
antigens. The nurse should recognize what
implication of this finding?
- The client may experience transplant
rejection
Most cells have the ability to reproduce
themselves through
- Mitosis
A client is hypovolemic from vomiting and
diarrhea. The nurse recognizes that the client’s
blood is likely hypertonic as a result of fluid
loss. What effect does the nurse expect this
will have on the red blood cells?
- The cells will shrink and shrivel
In teaching about using antibiotic medications,
what is it critical to include to help stop the
development of resistant strains of
microorganisms?
- It is very important to take the full
course of an antibiotic as prescribed
and not save remaining drugs for
future infections
Which cell property involves the destruction of
bacteria by a macrophage?
- Phagocytosis
What is a “power plant” of the cell?
- Mitochondria
When chemotherapeutic agents interfere with
cellular physiology, it results in
- cellular death or alterations
it is common practice to draw culture and
sensitivity tests to determine the most
effective antibiotic that will treat the causative
agent of the client's infection. What does
“culture” determine?
- Specifically what organism is causing
the infection
A client calls the clinic to talk to the nurse. The
client states being prescribed penicillin for a
strep throat last week. Though the client feels
better, the client stopped taking the drug
“today,” even though there are “a few pills
left.” What would be the nurse's best
response?
- “It is of critical importance that you
take all the medication so all the
germs are killed. Otherwise they
could come right back and be even
stronger.”
A nurse is instructing a client on the antibiotic
regimen for the treatment of pneumonia.
Which statement is most important to share
with client?
- Complete the entire prescription of
medication.
Chapter 9
Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically
related to which classes of antibiotics?
- Penicillins
The health care provider has ordered
levofloxacin 500 mg orally. The drug is
available in 250-mg tablets. The nurse
administers how many tablets?
- 2
A client has been admitted to the critical care
unit with a diagnosis of peritonitis that has
necessitated treatment with gentamicin, an
aminoglycoside. As a result, the care team
should be cautious when concurrently
administering other medications that may
cause which?
- ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity.
Your client was given tetracycline as a young
child. You can tell this by changes in
- The color of her teeth.
The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a
woman who has been prescribed tetracycline
and also uses oral contraceptives. What is the
most important instruction the nurse will give
to this client?
- “You should use alternative means of
contraception while you are taking
tetracycline.”
A client diagnosed with tuberculosis was
prescribed antitubercular therapy but stopped
after 1 month because of difficulty with the
medication scheduling. As a result, secondary
drugs are being prescribed. Which nursing
diagnosis would the nurse most likely identify?
- Ineffective Self-Health Management
A group of students are reviewing material for
a test on antibiotics. They demonstrate an
understanding of the material when they
identify what as the first antibiotic introduced
for clinical use?
- Penicillin
After teaching a client who is receiving
doxycycline about the drug, the nurse
determines that the teaching was successful
when the client makes what statement?
- "I need to wear protective clothing
when I'm out in the sun."
When caring for a pediatric client, the nurse
should question an order for what drug?
- Levofloxacin
A client is diagnosed with an infection. What
would the nurse anticipate being used to
determine the best drug to treat the infection?
- culture and sensitivity (C&S)
A disulfiram-like reaction may occur if which
substance is consumed within 72 hours after
administration of certain cephalosporins?
- Alcohol
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a
serious infection. The patient is being treated
with combination therapy of a cefazolin and an
aminoglycoside. The nurse will be sure to
monitor which of the following?
- Serum BUN and creatinine levels
The client has been prescribed levofloxacin.
The nurse knows that the client should be
taught to do which when taking this
medication?
- Swallow the pill whole.
The nurse is preparing to administer a
sulfonamide to a client when the client states,
"I woke up this morning with a lot of sores in
my mouth." What is the nurse's next best
action?
- I'm going to contact your health care
provider before I administer your
medication."
Antibiotic drugs are commonly used in the
pediatric population. Why would the
tetracyclines be contraindicated in children
younger than 8 years of age?
 - Because of the drugs effects on teeth
and bone
What are sulfonamides classified as?
- Antibacterial
A nurse is caring for a 52-year-old client who
has been diagnosed with a latent tuberculosis
infection. The health care provider is
considering ordering isoniazid (INH). The
preexistence of what condition would require
cautious use of INH in this client?
- cirrhosis of the liver
An 82-year-old client, who lives alone and has
occasional memory lapses, is being seen by the
home health nurse. In reviewing the client’s
medication, the nurse discovers that the client
was recently prescribed azithromycin for
urethritis. What characteristic of this drug
makes it an appropriate choice for this client?
- It is taken only once a day.
A student asks the pharmacology instructor if
there is a way to increase the benefits and
decrease the risks of antibiotic therapy. What
would be an appropriate response by the
instructor?
- It is important to use antibiotics
cautiously and to teach clients to
complete the full course of an
antibiotic prescription.
In deciding on an antibiotic for a patient, the
selective toxicity of the drug is always
considered. What statement best explains
selective toxicity?
- Selective toxicity is the ability of the
drug to kill foreign cells without
causing harm to our own body cells.
The ability of bacteria to produce substances
that inactivate or destroy the antibiotic is
known as which of the following?
- Bacterial resistance
A local bioterrorism medical team is
responding to a possible anthrax attack. The
team is instructed that a fluoroquinolone may
be used to treat exposure to anthrax. The
nurse should prepare to administer what
antibiotic?
- Ciprofloxacin
A nurse is preparing to give a client an initial
dose of a penicillin preparation. What should
the first action be for the nurse?
- Ask the client if there is a history
allergy to a penicillin.
A client has been taking oral amoxicillin to
treat otitis media for the past 6 days. The
client has told the nurse that “my ear is now
back to normal” and asks about stopping the
antibiotics. How should the nurse respond?
- “That's excellent that you're feeling
better, but it's important to keep
taking the antibiotics until they're all
finished.”
A nurse is conducting client teaching prior to
discharge home. The client is taking
ciprofloxacin. What would you teach this client
is the best way to prevent crystaluria caused
by ciprofloxacin?
- Encourage at least 2 L of fluid per day.
A 72-year-old female clinic patient is started
on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a
sulfonamide combo drug, for treatment of a
urinary tract infection. Prior to administering
this drug, the nurse should assess the patient
for which of the following conditions?
- Renal impairment
The nurse is caring for a 62-year-old who has
orders to receive gentamicin . The client
reports difficulty hearing. What should the
nurse do?
- Hold the dose and notify the health
care provider immediately
Chapter 10&13
A pediatric nurse is caring for a 4 year-old child
who has been diagnosed with the most
common childhood helminthic disease in the
United States. The nurse should anticipate
what intervention?
- A three-day course of mebendazole
A nurse is explaining the use of acyclovir
therapy to a 72-year-old man. Nephrotoxicity
is discussed as a major adverse effect in older
patients. To minimize the risk of the patient
developing this adverse effect, the nurse will
advise him to
- stay well hydrated by drinking at least
eight 8-oz glasses of water daily.
A sixteen year old client suspected of having
HIV/AIDS asks the nurse what causes AIDS.
What should the nurse respond?
- The human immunodeficiency virus
People have different levels of risk for
becoming infected with HIV. Which client is
more at risk of becoming infected with HIV?
- A person having casual intercourse
with multiple partners
The client with HIV is experiencing nausea and
vomiting related to antiviral medications. The
client has lost 20 pounds in the last 2 months
since initiating the drug therapy regimen.
What is the highest priority nursing diagnosis
for this client?
- Risk for imbalanced nutrition
An HIV-positive patient comes to the clinic and
asks the nurse if the patient should receive a
flu vaccine. The patient states, "I never get the
flu, so why should I take it?" What is the best
response by the nurse?
- "All HIV-positive patients should
receive the flu vaccine as
prophylaxis."
Several children in an elementary school have
been diagnosed with pinworm infections and
the school nurse is providing health promotion
education. What information should the nurse
prioritize when providing education?
- The importance of vigilant and
thorough hand hygiene
What information related to a client's history is
a contraindication for a prescription of an
anthelmintic medication?
- Pregnancy
The nursing instructor is giving memory aids to
the students to help them to better remember
the different drug classifications. When
learning about antivirals the nurse instructs
the students to look for which syllables?
- -vir
A client has returned from an overseas
vacation and is displaying signs and symptoms
of a helminth infection. What is the nurse's
priority for care?
- Obtaining a stool sample for ova and
parasites
The nurse is caring for a client who is HIV
positive. What laboratory test is used to
determine this client’s ability to fight against
viral infections?
- CD4
The mother of a 4-year-old child tells the nurse
that her child has been sleeping very poorly.
The child has also been scratching in her rectal
or perineal area. The nurse suspects that this
child has what parasitic infection?
- Pinworms
A 18-year-old has come to the clinic and asks
to talk to a nurse. The nurse asks the teen
what she needs and the teen responds that
she has become sexually active and is
concerned about getting HIV. The teen asks
the nurse what she can do keep from getting
HIV. What would be the nurse’s best
response?
- “Other than abstinence, only the
consistent and correct use of
condoms is effective in decreasing the
risk of getting HIV.”
When interviewing a client with a suspected
worm infection, what would lead the nurse to
suspect trichinosis?
- Ingestion of undercooked pork
When fighting the human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), the nurse knows that the drug
regimen usually includes which?
- several medications, which combined
are the most effective treatment
A school nurse is talking with a health class of
freshman high school students about human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What patient
would the nurse tell the students is at the
greatest risk of contracting HIV?
- Injecting drug user
Several children from a day care have
developed pinworms, and the nurse has been
brought in to consult. The nurse should tell
parents to watch for what sign of possible
infection?
- perianal itching
A nurse practitioner is teaching a health class
in the local high school. The NP informs the
class about hepatitis B. What occupation does
the NP inform the class is at the greatest risk
for contracting hepatitis B?
- healthcare workers
An elderly client is admitted to the medical floor
with a fever, body aches and cough. What virus
should the nurse suspect this client to have?
- Influenza
A client with a severe stomachache visits the
health care facility. Which intervention should
the nurse perform if a pinworm infection is
suspected?
- Obtain stool samples.
Chapter 11,12&14
A client taking an oral antifungal agent reports
gastrointestinal upset. Which would be most
appropriate to suggest?
- Having the client take the drug with
food
A nurse is teaching an 82-year-old client about
amphotericin B, an antifungal ordered by the
health care provider. Which client statement
would suggest that teaching has been
effective?
- "Taking this drug could damage my
kidney functioning."
A client receiving which agent should be
instructed to avoid alcohol consumption?
- Metronidazole
The nurse is administering an antifungal
medication. What is the most relevant testing
required for the client taking this medication?
- Renal testing
A client is receiving gentian violet as topical
treatment for a fungal infection. What
instruction should the nurse include in the
teaching plan?
- "This medication can stain your skin
and clothing."
A client has presented to the emergency
department with chills, diaphoresis, severe
headache and a temperature of 101.8°F
(38.8°C). When assessing the possibility that
the client has malaria, what assessment should
the nurse prioritize?
- The client's travel history
A client states, “My provider said that I had
mycosis, but I thought I had a fungal
infection.” Which response would be most
appropriate?
- “You’re both correct because mycosis
means a disease is caused by a
fungus.”
A client develops leukopenia after receiving
chemotherapy. Which nursing diagnosis would
be most appropriate?
- Risk for infection
A sexually active teen tells the nurse, “My
sexual partner is being treated for
trichomoniasis.” What is the nurse’s best
response when the teen asks about receiving
treatment as well?
- “You need to be treated
simultaneously.”
What measure protects the nurse when
preparing cytotoxic drugs?
- Wearing protective equipment such
as gloves, mask, and gown
A client has been prescribed treatment with
antineoplastic drugs, which have a depressing
effect on the bone marrow. What pre-
administration assessment should the nurse
perform for this client with respect to the
depressing effect of the bone marrow?
- Complete blood count
A client who is using a topical antifungal agent
to treat mycosis calls the clinic to report a
severe rash that is accompanied by blisters.
What should the nurse instruct the client to
do?
- "Stop using the drug immediately."
A child has been taking mebendazole for the
past 3 weeks after being diagnosed with
roundworm. The nurse will determine the
efficacy of the child's treatment by referencing
what diagnostic test?
- Stool for ova and parasites
A client has been diagnosed with malaria and
will begin treatment promptly. How can the
nurse best attack the Plasmodium protozoa at
the different stages of its life cycle?
- Administer combination therapy as
prescribed
Which drug is most commonly used orally to
treat infections caused by Candida albicans?
- Fluconazole (Diflucan)
The mother of a 6-month-old infant presents
to the clinic, and the mother is subsequently
diagnosed with a protozoal infection. The
nurse should prioritize assessing whether the
client
- is breast-feeding.
A client has chosen to be placed on hospice.
Which is acceptable chemotherapy for a client
on hospice?
- Palliative chemotherapy
A mother has just been told that her child has
cancer and will need chemotherapy. The
mother is worried about side effects. What is
the nurse's best response?
- "An immediate side effect of many
chemotherapy agents is nausea and
vomiting. There are medications that
can be given prior to chemotherapy
to lessen these side effects."
The client is diagnosed with a Candida
infection of the mouth. How will the nurse
document this finding?
- Thrush
A client is taking chloroquine for malaria
prophylaxis. The nurse should likely encourage
the client to avoid ingesting which item?
- Alcohol
Chapter 15&16
The nurse is caring for a number of clients.
Which client has lost a barrier defense,
increasing the client’s risk for infection?
- 24-year-old client diagnosed with
partial-thickness burns
A 60-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis
visits the health care facility for a regular
checkup. The patient informs the nurse that
the patient has been using an over-the-counter
NSAID for the last few days. Why should the
nurse caution the patient against the use of
NSAIDs on a long-term basis?
- Increased risk of GI bleeding
A 49-year-old woman has been diagnosed with
myalgia. The health care provider has
recommended aspirin. The client is concerned
that the aspirin will upset her stomach. The
nurse will encourage the client to take this
medication by
- swallowing the tablet with milk or
food.
The client has pain and the health care
provider has ordered meloxicam 15 mg daily. It
is supplied in 7.5-mg tablets. The nurse will
administer how much per dose?
- 2
A nurse is assessing a female client who has
been taking NSAIDs. What statement by the
client indicates a good understanding of the
use of NSAID therapy?
- “I asked my provider to check for
blood in my stool on a regular basis.”
Antipyretic drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen,
and acetaminophen, often are used to
alleviate the discomforts of fever and protect
vulnerable organs, such as the brain, from
extreme elevations in body temperature.
However, the use of aspirin in children is
limited due to the possibility of what disease?
- Reye syndrome
A 16-year-old female client asks the nurse if
she can take two Tylenol every 2 hours during
exams because it helps relieve her tension
headaches. What is the nurse’s most
appropriate response?
- “Do not exceed recommended doses
of acetaminophen due to the risk of
life-threatening liver damage.”
A client has entered an environment where
there are numerous infectious
microorganisms. The body's first line of
defense against these organisms is considered
to be what?
- Skin
The client has had an open reduction internal
fixation (ORIF) of the right hip. Which
statement by the client identifies that the use
of celecoxib is effective?
- "My hip pain has decreased."
In the inflammation process, vasodilation of
the arterioles and congestion in the capillary
beds result in
- Redness
Which patients are at a greater risk for liver
failure during administration of
acetaminophen?
- Patients who consume alcohol
habitually
A nurse is caring for a client with low back
pain, who has self-administered large doses of
ibuprofen for several consecutive days. The
nurse should caution the client that overuse of
ibuprofen may lead to which?
- GI irritation
To help understand immunostimulant drug
therapy, the client has come to the clinic for a
class on leukocytes and infection. The nurse
explains that the term leukocyte refers to
- White blood cells
Which best describes the consumption of a
foreign substance, such as bacteria, in the cell?
- Phagocytosis
A client is prescribed acetaminophen to reduce
an elevated body temperature. Which
instruction should the nurse give to the client
regarding the drug’s use?
- Urge the client to refrain from
drinking alcohol.
A client with severe back pain has been emergency department reporting dizziness,
prescribed medication. Which class of drugs mental confusion, and difficulty hearing. What
can help in relieving this condition? assessment is most appropriate?
- Analgesics - Assess the client's use of salicylates.

A nurse is caring for a client in the early stage
of rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse would
expect which medication classification to be
used in the treatment of this client?
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)
A patient is admitted to the emergency
department with a suspected overdose of
acetaminophen. What adverse effect is most
common in acute or chronic overdose of
acetaminophen?
- Hepatotoxicity

A parent has brought a 6-year-old child to the
clinic. The child has a fever of 102.8°F (39.3°C)
and is subsequently diagnosed with the flu.
What medication best balances risks and
benefits for treating this client’s fever?
- Acetaminophen
A client is taking a nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory agent. Which instruction should
the client be given in regards to
administration?
- Administer the medication with food.

A client states, “I take acetaminophen four to

five times daily when I’m at home..” Which
laboratory test is a relevant response to best
evaluate the effect of this practice?
- liver enzymes

The nurse has conducted a health education

session for new parents. After learning about
the safe and effective use of anti-
inflammatories, which statement by the
parents indicates effective teaching?
- “We need to read the labels carefully
for the ingredients and dosages.”

Acetaminophen overdose has the potential to

cause fatal
- liver damage.

A female client asks why she must consult with

the health care provider when she uses cold
products for her children. What is the nurse’s
best response?
- “There is a risk of overdose, because
acetaminophen is a very common
ingredient in OTC cold, flu, fever, and
pain remedies.”

A client with a history of chronic pain related

to rheumatoid arthritis presents at the