HOM 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMS 2022

Music History and Literature

Name of Student: Kate Michaela Q. Toledo
Email: katemichaela.toledo.music@ust.edu.ph
Instructions: After answering, please send it to my email, lqgarcia@ust.edu.ph, in PDF format
not later than March 24.

A. LISTENING AND ANALYSIS: (10pts per number, 40pts total)

1. Music Sample 1

• Given the recorded musical excerpt, can you identify the period when it was composed? 2Pts
Answer: Baroque Period
• Can you identify the genre? 2Pts
Answer: In a concerto form
• Can you identify the major characteristics of the style used in the musical excerpt? 6pts
Answer: A solo part is played by a piano, violin, flute, or other instrument, which is backed up or
accentuated by an orchestra. Most concertos have three sections or movements, and they were
extremely popular in the nineteenth century as a way to showcase the soloist's virtuoso playing.
Concerto is an Italian word that meaning "concert or harmony," and it comes from the verb
concertare, which means "to bring into agreement."

2. Music Sample 2

• Given the recorded musical excerpt, can you identify the period when it was composed? 2Pts
Answer: Romantic Era
• Can you identify the genre? 2Pts
Answer: Fantasy
• Can you identify the major characteristics of the style used in the musical excerpt? 6pts
Answer: A free-form and-inspiration composition, usually for an instrumental soloist; in 16th- and
17th-century England, the word was mainly applied to fugal works for consorts of string
or wind instruments.
3. Music Sample 3

• Given the recorded musical excerpt, can you identify the period when it was composed? 2Pts
Answer: Baroque Era (Italy)
• Can you identify the genre? 2Pts
 Answer: Concerto
• Can you identify the major characteristics of the style used in the musical excerpt? 6pts
Answer: A solo part is played by a piano, violin, flute, or other instrument, which is backed up or
accentuated by an orchestra. Most concertos have three sections or movements, and they were
extremely popular in the nineteenth century as a way to showcase the soloist's virtuoso playing.
Concerto is an Italian word that meaning "concert or harmony," and it comes from the verb
concertare, which means "to bring into agreement."

4. Music Sample 4

• Given the recorded musical excerpt, can you identify the period when it was composed? 2Pts
Answer: Late Baroque Era
• Can you identify the genre? 2Pts
Answer: oratorios
• Can you identify the major characteristics of the style used in the musical excerpt? 6Pts
Answer: a large-scale musical composition for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra on a religious or
semisacred theme The text of an oratorio is frequently based on scripture, and the narration
required to go from scene to scene is provided by recitatives performed by different voices to pave
the way for airs and choruses.

B. COMPARISON OF TWO PERIODS 60pts total

Category Baroque
Historical and Cultural Italy was the heart of the early
Background Baroque era of music. Italian
composers based in Rome and
(5pts each period) its environs created music that
drew on Renaissance traditions
while also pushing the harmonic
and ornamental boundaries.
It refers to an era that started
about 1600 and concluded
around 1750, and includes
composers like Bach, Vivaldi and
Handel, who pioneered new
forms like the concerto and the
sonata. With the birth of the
concerto, sonata, and opera, it
saw an explosion of new musical
styles.
With the Church's governmental
grip of Europe loosened, non-
religious music, particularly
Rococo
Rococo style in music
occupies a fairly distinct
transition from Baroque
style to Classical era.
The immensely intricate
polyphonic structures of
the Baroque period have
been diluted into a
lighter, simpler, yet
highly adorned exquisite
manner of musical
expression in Rococo
music. It is rooted in
France and quickly
spread throughout
Europe, It was called to
variably throughout
Europe - from Style
Galant to Empfindsamer
Stil in Germany.
The term rocaille was

Style and Music
Characteristics of the Period
in each musical element
(melody, harmony, form,
texture, rhythm)
(10pts each period)
instrumental music, was able to
thrive. The early forms of the
contemporary orchestra were
born from the concept that
instruments should be placed
together in a consistent manner.
Melody: has  metric, or irregular,Melody: Simpler, more
flexible rhythms  songlike melodies, less
Harmony:
The tonal centers of works
were often based on major and fundamental harmonic
minor scales. Harmonic
movement often included
modulations and harmonic
sequences, and cadences at
the end of sections were
strong (repetition of a series of
chords at a higher or lower
pitch).
Texture: With many melodies
and countermelodies, a
continuous bottom line, and
occasional homophony,
Baroque texture was typically
polyphonic (a type of musical
used in the late 17th and
early 18th centuries to
describe a type of
ornamental motif or
decoration that first
emerged in the late
Louis XIV style, in the
form of a seashell
intertwined with
acanthus leaves. The
Premier Livre de forme
rocquaille et cartel, a
compilation of ideas for
furniture and interior
decorating, was
published in 1736 by
designer and jeweler
Jean Mondon. It was the
first occurrence in
literature of the name
"rocaille" to define the
style.
polyphony, short, periodic
phrases, a restricted
harmonic vocabulary
stressing tonic and dominant,
and a clear demarcation
between soloist and
accompaniment were all part
of the plan.
Harmony: a simple
accompaniment built on
progressions and
occasionally embellished with
chromaticism
Texture: lighter and
assymmetrical
 texture with several
interdependent, overlapping
melodic lines) (musical texture
with a melody and chordal
accompaniment).
Form: Sonata, suite, concerto, Form: Unlike much classical
concerto grosso, oratorio, music, it is not based on
cantata, opera, and fugue were rhythmic or melodic themes
among the detailed forms, and has an extendive
while sonata, suite, concerto, ornamentation
concerto grosso, oratorio,
cantata, opera, and fugue were
among the broad forms.
Rhythm: During the Baroque Rhythm: slower in galant
period, energetic, driving music than in previous
rhythms were commonly baroque styles.
utilized. Short melodic and
rhythmic phrases, such as the
basso ostinato, a melody laid
over a repetitive bass pattern,
were prevalent. Meters like 2,
3, 4, and 6 were common, and
tempos were quicker and
slower than in previous times,
with the tempo slowing down
towards the finish of a work.
Sample composer and two George Friderich Handel Domenico Scarlatti
of their important works
1. Music For The Royal 1. Cat Fugue
(5 pts each period) Fireworks
2. Sonata in D minor
2. Serse (Xerxes)
Importance/Relevance of Past: Because Baroque music Past:
studying the period in the constituted the foundation for Galant music is music that is
past, present and future education, it continued to have part of a larger, international
a stylistic effect even after it cultural trend.
(10pts each period) ceased to be the main style of every element of life for the
writing and music producing. educated public, including
Even after baroque practice, literature, music, and modes
such as the thoroughbass, of transportation
became obsolete, it remained societal behavior, and even
a part of musical notation. metaphysical aspect.

Present: Harmonies, which are Present:

still important in music today,
were invented by Baroque Instrumental music was to
composers. Rather than please the ear with complex
perceiving only one pitch and
sound, Baroque composers
composed works with several
sounds and pitches at the
same time. Harmonies are still
used in music today, and it's
unusual to hear music without
them.
Future:
The Baroque era is associated
with the Catholic Church's
comeback since the music
style was associated with
significant religious rituals
(Sartorious, n.d). Given the
zeal and power of the Roman
Catholic Church at the time,
the church faithful used the
popularity of Baroque music to
re-energise it. In addition,
Baroque music influenced the
development of 17th–18th
century European music in
general. Classical music, for
starters, saw a second
renaissance.
ornamentation, distinctive
melodies, and a cheerful
attitude in the new style.
Many composers were
delighted to cater to these
new musical preferences.
Because they both reflect the
cult of elegance and grace,
Rococo art and music are
remarkably synergistic.
Future:
The comparison of Mozart's
early and late symphonies, as
well as the comparison of
Beethoven's piano concerti,
are excellent examples of
how Rococo composers laid
the seeds of high classical
art. The elements of style
galant (empfindsamer stil) are
all present in the Viennese
trio (Haydn, Mozart,
Beethoven) as they matured
and composed in a 'classical'
style: memorable, beautiful
melodies, exuberance and
whimsy of music character (at
least in early works), and
complex ornamentation.