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Можно стакан воды? May I have a glass of water?
This is one of the examples when to use the Genitive case in Russian. The noun ВОДА (water) is put here in
the form of the Genitive case ВОДЫ (of water) as it expresses a part of the whole quantity. In Russian the
words that express a part of the whole quantity as well as a relative number of objects or people (много,
мало) are used in the Genitive case forms.
Look at the tables below that present detailed information on the usage of the Genitive case in Russian. Read
the list of rules with examples in Russian and English and try to give your own sample for each rule. Genitive
case endings table for the Nouns, Adjectives and Pronouns in singular and plural forms will be a great help for
you. Also note the common verbs used with the Genitive case.
Finally, test your skills in the Genitive case, learn and explore more to achieve your aims in Russian grammar.
Most popular verbs used with the Genitive case: Genitive 最常使用的動詞
Бояться – to fear; to be afraid of
Добиваться/добиться – to achieve
Достигать/достигнуть, достичь – to achieve; to reach
Желать/пожелать – to wish
Избегать – to avoid
Требовать/потребовать – to demand; to require
Хотеть/захотеть – to want
When to use the Genitive case in Russian. The use of the Genitive (with examples):
WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS
Usage Condition Example
1. Absence: 沒有 У меня нет сестры. I don’t have a sister.
КОГО? ЧЕГО? Who? What? У Антона не было денег. Anton didn’t have money.
нет, не было, не будет У нас не будет времени. We will not have time.
2. Possession (“of”): 某某人的 Это друг Марины. This is a friend of Marina.
ЧЕЙ? ЧЬЯ? ЧЬЁ? Whose? Где книга Антона? Where is Anton’s book?
WITH PREPOSITIONS
WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS
Usage Condition Example
Usage Condition Example
1. Possessor: 某人有 У меня есть сестра. I have a sister.
У КОГО ЕСТЬ? Who has? У Антона есть машина. Anton has a car.
У нас нет уроков сегодня. We don’t have classes today.
2. The beginning and the end of Я работаю с утра до вечера. I work from the morning the
the time interval: 時段;多久 till evening.
КОГДА? When? Магазин открыт с девяти до The shop is open from nine till
СКОЛЬКО ВРЕМЕНИ? How пяти. five.
long? с…до…(from…till…)
3. Period of time: Мы встретились до урока. We met before the lesson.
КОГДА? When?
до (before) Во время полёта мы спали. We slept during the flight.
во время (during)
после (after) Давай поговорим после обеда. Let’s talk after lunch.
4. Start of motion; starting Олег пришёл из офиса/с Oleg came back from the
point 從…/從誰… работы/от врача. office/from work/from the
ОТКУДА? From where? doctor.
ОТ КОГО? From whom? Я приехал из Лондона. I came from London.
из (from), с (from), Она узнала эту новость от друга. She found out about this news
от (from) from her friend.
5. After prepositions:
для (for) Цветы для Анны. Flowers for Anna.
без (without) Кофе без молока. Coffee without milk.
кроме (except; apart from) Все кроме тебя. Everyone except you.
из-за (because of) Из-за погоды. Because of the weather.
против (against) Против кандидата. Against the candidate.
вместо (instead of) Вместо тебя. Instead of you.
у (at; by; near) У моря. By the sea.
около (near) Около университета. Near the university.
(не)далеко ( (not) far) Недалеко от центра. Not far from the center.
позади (behind) Позади дома. Behind the house.
напротив (opposite) Напротив аптеки. Opposite the pharmacy.
посреди (in the middle of) Посреди комнаты. In the middle of the room.
вокруг (around) Вокруг стадиона. Around the stadium.
мимо (past) Мимо магазина. Past the shop.
GENITIVE CASE FORMS AND ENDINGS
人稱代名詞的 Genitive Personal pronouns in Genitive
NOMINATIVE GENITIVE
Я МЕНЯ
ТЫ ТЕБЯ
ОН (Н)ЕГО
ОНА (Н)ЕЁ
МЫ НАС
ВЫ ВАС
ОНИ (Н)ИХ