Empowering

African Entrepreneurs

The TEF Business Management Training Programme

Leadership and Business Growth Strategies

Module 3
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01 Personal Leadership
Contents
Table of

02 Team Leadership Skills

03 Understanding Strategic Formulation and Implementation

04 Critical Thinking and Creative Problem-Solving Techniques

05 Leading with Innovation and Change

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OVERVIEW
Although it may be difficult to precisely define leadership given its different
perspectives, it is important to have a better understanding of the concept if you
are striving to become an effective leader. A leader is someone who has
developed a group of followers. These followers have found something in that
leader that encourages them to “get hitched to his/her wagon.”
In fact, people tend to be attracted to leaders whose values are similar to theirs.
He or She could be termed a forceful and dynamic personality who really leads
from the front; an architect and implementer of strategist; a mediator in conflict
situations; an integrator who assures of good climate in the organization; a
person able to motivate subordinates and who, by persuasion, compulsion or
example to others; succeeds in getting others to follow the leader’s wish.
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COURSE OBJECTIVES
At the end of the training, participants will be able to;
 Analyze the Concept of Personal Leadership.
 Understand and implement Entrepreneurship Leadership Skills.
 Implement Personal Leadership Plan.
 Learn how to practice Team Leadership.
 Understand the Concept of Strategy Formulation and Implementation.
 Analyze Conceptualization of Critical Thinking & Problem-Solving
Techniques.
 Identify the role of Innovation in Change Management.
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1.0 THE CONCEPT OF PERSONAL

LEADERSHIP

WHAT IS PERSONAL PERSONAL LEADERSHIP

LEADERSHIP?

Looking at Personal leadership we can explain it as the ability to develop and

utilize your positive leadership traits to guide the direction of your life instead of
VALUES
letting time and chance determine your course. Personal leadership can begin
when you decide to be your own life coach and live by a personal mission
statement that reflects your values and life goals.
ENCOURAGEMEN
If you are looking to enhance your leadership capacity, one important strategy for
T
guiding your growth is to create a personal leadership development plan. This
type of plan can help you grow in your current role and also prepare you to take
VISION
on additional leadership responsibilities in a new role.

EMPOWERMEN
T

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LINKING LEADERSHIP TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Today, having just leadership or entrepreneurship qualities by business In recent times, entrepreneurial leadership has become a new phenomenon in business
managers is not enough for success of any enterprise. Managers need to management that needs to be extensively discussed. In this regard, the importance of
have both leadership and entrepreneurship qualities in order to be entrepreneurial leadership is emphasized by examining the concept of entrepreneurial
successful. At this point, the concept of entrepreneurial leadership emerges. leadership in all ramifications.

   

Entrepreneurial leadership is a new and modern type of leadership that is a Thus, Entrepreneurial leadership is defined as affecting and directing the performance of
combination of leadership qualities and spirit and soft skills of employees toward the achievement of organizational objectives that involve recognizing
entrepreneurship. In addition, entrepreneurial leadership is creating new and exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities.
products, new processes and expansion of opportunities in existing
businesses, working in social institutions and dealing with ignored social
issues, participating in social and political movements, contributing to the
change of current services and policies implemented by civil society
organizations and governments.

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IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL
LEADERSHIP
Importance of Entrepreneurial Leadership cannot be overemphasized
since Entrepreneurial leadership is an important factor affecting the
performance of the company. Leaders of companies and especially
leaders of small-scale family companies should have and use the
qualities of entrepreneurial leadership in order to continue their lives,
compete with their competitors and develop themselves to be able to
run successful businesses.
For example, not only that he teams up as a soccer player, he is the
person who play in the field with the team as captain. Not only as an
administrator who decide, give instructions and check their workers,
but also, they are entrepreneurial leaders who captained the team and
showing the way to success.
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To ensure continuous business success, Entrepreneur personal leadership development plan is
extremely important for business sustainability given the dynamic nature of the business environment.
This plan must include; Core Skills to Master, Experience Gaps to Close, New Relationships to Build,
Specific Tasks to Delegate, Key Action Items to Complete.
Leaders are assessed not only on their own success but also on the success of their teams. Your
personal leadership development plan should list the critical indicators of success for leaders and their
teams, which include but are not limited to the following:
 Improving the quality of work
 Improving teamwork and morale
 Increasing delegation of responsibility
 Strategic planning and preparation
 Continuous learning for you and your team
However, there are a few activities that you can add to your regular routine to support your
development as a leader, such as;
 Seek feedback and take time to reflect
 Find a mentor and Sign up for training
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2.0 - TEAM LEADERSHIP

SKILLS
5 WAYS HIGH PERFORMING
A team leader is someone who provides guidance, instruction, direction and TEAM

leadership to a group of individuals (the team) to achieve a key result or group of

aligned results. ... When a team leader motivates a team, group members can
function in a goal-oriented manner.
Attention to Results
The chief purpose of a leadership team is to bring together senior leaders of diverse
functions to solve shared problems and ensure aligned action and collective Accountability
responsibility for the organization's performance.

Commitment
TEAM LEADER
RESPONSIBILITIES
Constructive Conflict
 Coach team members
 Develop team strengths and improve weaknesses
 Identify team goals and evaluate team progress
 Resolve conflict Trust
 Organize team initiatives

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ANALYSIS OF TOP LEADERSHIP

SKILLS Power

Skill
As a leader, you can't force people to work harder; to be effective, you can only align your
team's efforts and work smarter and together.
Motivation
The qualities of an effective team leader can be broken into the following, in addition to
the example in the above chart.
Responsibility
 Be Committed - Take time with your employees  
 Be Productive; Encourage debates, but keep them productive
Teamwork
 Be Analytical; Tests your ideas (are they contested, or have you hired a herd of sheep)
 Be Respectful; Respect time & privacy Communication
 Communicate Clearly
 Delegate Clearly; But Do Not micromanage
Competence
 Be Creative; And don't let everyday task kill it for your team
 Be Decisive; And kill off any procrastination
Support
 Be Trustworthy; And build trust within your team
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FEEDBACK MECHANISM AND ITS POSITIVE IMPACT IN

LEADERSHIP

A feedback loop is essentially a reoccurring loop to analyze the

quality of work that is being done and to uncover the solutions to
challenges in order to continue to improve.  It should not be
viewed as negative reinforcement as part of the loop is the
positive actions that are being performed.
 
Leadership feedback is a self-sustaining process meaning that it is
designed with everything needed for productivity, Providing effective feedback is critical to maintaining a capable workforce. A main component of the
feedback process is acquiring accurate information to fuel feedback decisions which enhances the
a positive to enhance the good, and provide solutions to rectify the validity of the feedback.
areas needed to be improved
There are 5 main sources of feedback in businesses. Each source of feedback can provide a different
. When it comes to performance and our actions, how do we know perspective on performance and can be a valuable component of the feedback process.
what is and what is not effective?  Simple, feedback!   Customers
 Objective data (KPIs)
 Supervisors, managers and team leaders
 Peers
 Subordinates
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3.0 - UNDERSTANDING STRATEGIC FORMULATION AND

IMPLEMENTATION

Formulation and Strategy Implementation are the two most important But before we look at the difference let us examine the following
phases of strategic management process. Strategy Formulation means main steps in implementing a strategy:
crafting a combination of strategies and picking out the best one to
achieve the organizational goals and objectives and thereby reaching
 Developing an organization having potential of carrying out strategy successfully.
the vision of the organization. It involves several steps which are
performed in chronological order.
 Disbursement of abundant resources to strategy-essential activities.
 Creating strategy-encouraging policies.
On the other hand, Strategy Implementation refers to the execution of
 Employing best policies and programs for constant improvement.
the opted strategy, i.e., it converts the chosen strategy into action, for
 Linking reward structure to accomplishment of results.
the realization of organizational goals and objectives. But there exists a
fine line of differences between strategy formulation and strategy  Making use of strategic leadership.

implementation, which will be further explained in this lecture.

Excellently formulated strategies will fail if they are not properly implemented.

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DISTINCT FEATURES OF STRATEGY FORMULATION & STRATEGY
IMPLEMENTATION
Strategy Formulation Vs Strategy Implementation (Comparison Chart)

BASIS FOR COMPARISON STRATEGY FORMULATION STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

Meaning Strategy Formulation refers to the preparation of Strategy Implementation means to bring the
a well thought strategy, that helps in the formulated strategy into action.
achievement of organizational goals.

Concept Placement of forces before action takes place. Managing forces at the time of strategy
execution.

Process type Logical Operational

Emphasis on Effectiveness Efficiency
Responsibility Top Management Functional Management
Orientation Planning Execution
Activity type Entrepreneurial Administrative
Requirement of Analytical skills Leadership skills
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4.0. CONCEPTUALIZATION OF CRITICAL THINKING & PROBLEM-SOLVING
TECHNIQUES
WHAT IS CRITICAL
THINKING
 Critical thinking is an intellectually disciplined process of
actively and skilfully conceptualizing, applying, analysing,
synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or
generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or
communication, as a guide to belief and action.
 In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values
that transcend subject matter divisions: with clarity, accuracy,
precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons,
depth, breadth, and with fairness
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 They use the intellectual tools that critical thinking offers – concepts and principles
that enable them to analyse, assess, and improve thinking. They work diligently to
develop the virtues of intellectual integrity, intellectual humility, intellectual civility,
intellectual empathy, intellectual sense of justice and confidence in reason.   
 Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason
at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way.  People who think critically
consistently attempt to live rationally, reasonably, empathically. 
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STAGES AND MODELS THAT CAN STIMULATE YOUR CREATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING
SKILLS
WHY IS CRITICAL THINKING
IMPORTANT?
 Objective Finding - Questions: What bottlenecks or barriers exist?
What is it that you wish to be better organized?
Why is critical thinking important in business? Business leaders take major actions every
 Fact Finding - Questions: Who should be or is already involved?
day, from hiring and firing to reviewing financial earnings reports, participating in board
Why doesn’t/does it happen?
meetings and handling public relations crises. These are the precise areas in which critical
 Problem Finding - Questions: What is the actual problem? What is
the key objective? thinking comes into play, as business leaders use this skill to make tough decisions, such as
 Idea Finding - it is essential to investigate, brainstorm and letting an employee go or issuing a press release when scandal threatens to tarnish a company’s
determine as many probable solutions as you can.
reputation.
 Solution Finding - Questions: Will it work? Are the technology and
materials available? Improve communication strategies. Communicating with different types of people requires
 Acceptance Finding - The calls for action that you put out should defining the needs of the target audience, which demands critical thinking. For example, if a
be comprehended by all associated with the problem-solving company is being bought out by a competitor, the CEO must consider how this will impact
process so that it becomes an accepted solution.
everyone, from low-level employees to investors, and determine what messages to convey to
each party. Acting quickly is essential, as he or she should be the first to give the employees the
news to maintain their trust.

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CHARACTERISTICS AND SKILLS OF CRITICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRITICAL

THINKERS THINKERS

Albert Einstein, Henry Ford, Marie Curie, Sigmund Freud…these are just a few
If you’re hoping to reach your full potential and make your mark on the world,
of the critical thinkers who have shaped our modern lives. Critical thinkers think cultivate the following characteristics of critical thinkers. They are:
clearly and rationally, and make logical connections between ideas -- they are crucial
to exploring and understanding the world we live in.  Observation
 Curiosity
There are six major obstacles to creative thinking that could be preventing you  Objectivity
from learning how to improve your problem-solving skills for your business success.  Introspection
If you fail to recognize any of them, they could be holding you back. They are:  Analytical thinking
 Lack of Direction from Yourself or Others  Identifying biases

 Being Afraid of Failure  Determining relevance

 Inference
 Being Afraid of Rejection
 Willing to challenge the status quo
 Never Changing or Adapting to the Situation
 Open-mindedness
 Not Thinking Proactively
 Effective communicators
 Active listeners

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5.0. LEADING WITH INNOVATION AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR CHANGE

CHANGE

As these organizations become larger and larger there is the need for strategy and
In today’s constantly changing world, change and innovation play
structural change as well as cultural changes. These two elements often go hand
an extremely important role in the survival of your organization.
in hand and can be some of the most difficult to change.
New technologies like faster software and hardware and improved
manufacturing systems are increasing production and changing the
way we do business across the globe.

The first element is how an organization can change successfully

which consists of the steps that are needed and the process that
makes change happen.

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GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR CHANGE

CONCLUSION

To successfully implement a change or adapt to changes key guiding

There is no single “best way” to lead, and there is substantial repetitive advice
principles are crucial: They are;
offered by vast armies of leadership consultants. In the end, however, each leader

 Lead with the culture must develop his or her own style, based upon values, experiences, and mission to
formulate leadership skills that build on the foundation of his or her existing
 Start at the top
strengths. What skills should a leader concentrate on developing? In an article
 Involve every layer
enumerating the common leadership traits that create loyal employees, Meghan Biro
 Make the rational and emotional case together
named:
 Act your way into new thinking 
  Telling the truth
 Engage, engage, engage 
 Lead outside the lines    Clearly communicating roles and responsibilities

 Leverage formal solutions   Creating a workplace culture that values real people relationships
 Leverage informal solutions    Being fair and open
 Assess and adapt
  Modeling the behaviors, you seek in others

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RESOURCES
STAGE MODULE TOPIC
 
ADVANCED COURSES MODULE 1 LEADERSHIP AND BUSINESS GROWTH STRATEGIES

RESOURCES FOR MODULE 1

 
Exercise 1 Thinking Creatively
Your work group or the organization should meet for an hour or so and take on a challenging topic of relevance to the organization, such as identifying
new business prospects for the community. The goal is to collaboratively generate creative ideas rather than rehashing the current approaches. This is a
brainstorming session where each person tries to build on the ideas of another person in a group process. These ideas are not to be evaluated for their
merit, but explored as new possibilities that haven’t been tried by the organization,

Exercise 2 Change Management

With your staff, choose one major socioeconomic change occurring in your community or region. Have a dialogue about that change to ensure that
everyone agrees about the nature and significance of that change. Then have a dialogue about the implications of that change on the functioning and
direction of your organization, and how the organization itself might have to change to deal more effectively with that external change.
 

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RESOURCES

Exercise 3 Explain these Leadership Concepts; Strategy, Policy Formulation, Accountability, Transparency and Responsibility to Shareholders and share your
explanations/thought with a mentor.
 
Exercise 4 Explore and explain how you can use each of the four steps of the CPS Learner's Model to generate innovative ideas and solutions. Discuss outcome with your
Management team and report back to a mentor.
Exercise 5 What are the significance of Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) methodology and how successfully have you implemented same in your organisation both as a
leader or an entrepreneur.
 
Exercise 6 Describe how the interlinks of Strategy implementation model leads to organisational success. Evaluate the outcome and discuss with a mentor.

Case In August 2017, the Board of ABC Company approved a short-tenured $20 million project estimated to achieve a 40% return. The proposal had suffered a 6-
Study 1 month delay in its approval process; It suffered additional 5-month delay during implementation. The project flopped resulting in $5 million loss. This was
attributed to the following:
1. The MD lacked relevant technical skill; 2. A non-executive director who was involved in the project implementation is suspected to have benefitted
excessively;
3. The product of the project missed its season.
Required:
a. Analyze the case to ascertain what went wrong;
b. What lessons should be learnt to avoid reoccurrence?
 

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RESOURCES
Case The modern era trade could be called the ‘warfare’ of businesspeople as they maneuver for increased revenues on the battlefield of commerce. Winning the
Study 2 business war could depend upon many factors such as, focus in creating a plan, flexibility, good people with skills and equipment, and a good leader with
abilities to motivate and manage people.
Napoleon Bonaparte used these factors to win his battles. Napoleon's 'La Grande Armee' (French word for ‘Big Army’ or ‘The Great Army’) achieved an
advantage over their enemies following Napoleon’s flanking strategy, first mover advantage and by living off the land. However, Napoleon also faced failures
in some of his wars and downfall in later stage of life. The case correlates Napoleon’s warfare strategies with modern era business situations. The achievements
and failures of Napoleon provide several insights to corporate strategists. Several parallels could be drawn from Napoleon’s life by today’s managers.
The case highlights Napoleon’s strategic leadership skills through which he transformed his weak army into a brave one. It also discusses how Napoleon used
flanking strategy to surprise the enemy; how he made Innovations and got first mover advantage and his supply chain management skills. Besides, the case also
highlights the insights that Napoleon’s failures provide to managers.
Linking the Napoleonic warfare strategies vis-a-vis modern era Strategic Leadership
To discuss the concept of strategic leadership
To analyze innovation strategies and first mover advantage
To understand flanking movements and offensive strategy

Further https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinecomaford/2018/01/20/why-leaders-need-to-embrace-employee-motivation/#1acbe6ab1272; Building

Reading Link Organizational Leadership Capacity, Authored by David R. Kolzow, PhD
www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2016/10/28/- what-makes-a-leadership-development-strategy-successful.
To read the extended content: please click the link below
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18jPiqBI2Scyq9uQt80i3EiHBv1e5Zn63/view?usp=sharing
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Thank you!
THANK YOU!

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