All Units

Textbook: Ticket 2 English 3hs-5hs/ a week
Level: 2nd year Bac.
UNIT 1 …………………………………… (pp.6-19)

1. Open your book on page 6. Have a look at the pictures and write down the title of the unit.
2. Here are the main phases/ periods of life. Put them in the right order.
Adulthood / childhood / old age / youth / adolescence / baby-hood
……………….. ………………. ………………. ………………. ………………. …………………

3. A lot of people consider youth as the most important phase of life. Do you think they are quite right?
Express your opinion and convince your classmates.
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Expand Your Vocabulary
pp.8-9
Adjectives Nouns 1. Add more qualities to this spider gram.
Vigorous a. vigour Vitality passion ……….
…………………….. b. imagination
…………………….. c. Creativity
…………………….. d. Adventure
…………………….. e. Innovation Qualities of Youth
…………………….. f. Talent
…………………….. g. Ambition
…………………….. h. Enthusiasm
…………………….. i. Audacity
2. Find the adjectives from the nouns. vigour adventure
3. Use the words above and the cue expressions to write appropriate sentences about youth.
- One of / Some of the main characteristics of youth ………
- The phase of youth may be regarded as ……… /
- From my point of view, ……
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4. Read these definitions and decide which qualities are meant, then translate them into Arabic.
a. The mental ability of forming new ideas: Imagination
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b. Willingness to take risks: …………………….
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c. Intense enjoyment, interest, or excitement: …………………….
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d. a strong desire to do or achieve something, determination to achieve success: …………………….
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e. Physical strength and good health: …………………….
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f. The ability to generate new methods or original ideas: …………………….
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g. The state of being strong and active, a great deal of energy: …………………….
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h. natural aptitude, ability or skill: …………………….
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i. Courage; fearless disposition to do things: …………………….
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UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

5. Here are ten characteristics of talented youths Read them and fill in the blanks.
Abstract / comprehension / skills/ concentrate / conclusions / eclectic /
well-organized /challenge/ to question / motivated
Gifted youths' behavior differs from that of their age-mates in the following ways:
a.Many gifted youths show an extraordinary ability to read. They learn to read at an early age, with better
…………………..……. of difficult texts.
b.They are also able to understand ………….……………….. concepts and ideas.
c.Moreover, gifted youths commonly learn basic ………………………. quickly, and with little practice.
d.They are often able to interpret messages quickly and draw…………..…………. that other youths need
longer time to be able to do.
e.They take nothing for granted. They tend ………….……… everything and ask a lot of how and why questions.
f.They can work independently at an earlier age and can ………………………… for longer periods.
g.They are ………………... in their way of thinking. They select the things that are suitable and appropriate to them.
h.They have unlimited energy, which makes them ……………………… their capacities and test their abilities.
i.They are highly ……………….. as they show great willingness to learn new things and examine unusual ideas.
j.They tackle tasks and problems in a ……………..……….. and efficient manner.
6. Choose the right word.
1. You can trust Rose. If she says she's going to do something, she'll do it. She's absolutely …………………………..
Imaginative / creative / reliable.
2. Marcos isn't good at remembering things. Last week he missed an important business meeting again.
He is so …………………….. critical / forgetful / shy
3. Being young is characterized by several characteristics that might not be observed in another phase of life.
a. Young people ,for instance, show a great deal of ……………………..…………………( ambition / ambitious) as they
passionately ………………………….. (aspiration / aspire) to achieve their dreams.
b. Besides, they are ………………….….…………. (adventure / adventurous )and usually tend to take risks.
c. They also prefer …………………...………… ( autonomy/ autonomous) and resist interference from their parents.
d. One more thing, youngsters like freedom and usually……………….( rebel/ rebellious/ rebellion) against adults’ rules.
7. Replace the wrong words in bold letters with correct alternatives.
It’s sometimes frustrating for youths to live with their parents. Parents can be too fussy (nervous) about
(tidiness) ………...……… and bad friends, or complain that you are careless and (reliable)… …………………...
They show their (satisfaction) …………….………………. with the way you dress, think or even eat.
In spite of this, you still need your parents’ emotional support and guidance till you finish you studies and become
(immature)……….………………. enough. Only then you can get ready for the (easy)…………………… tasks awaiting
you as a future adult.
8. Here is a list of adjectives adults and youths use to describe each other's views and behaviors.
Rebellious / old-fashioned / intolerant / strong-headed / thoughtless / severe / bossy / careless
immature / untidy / disobedient / undemocratic / obstinate / adventurous / mean / nosy /
Work with your partner and fill in the diagram below:
Some Youths Some Adults think

think you are
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Listen and Speak Voices of Youth (pp.10-11)
1.Choose the appropriate meaning of the word or expression.
1. Get involved a. help others b. make necessary changes c. take part and participate
2. matters a. issues and problems b. associations c. solutions
3. link a. contribution b. fields of interest c. relation or association
4. take initiative a. solve problems b. act before others do c. take risks.
5. values a. morals and principles b. politics c. citizenship
6. The adjective of the word law is:
a. loyal b. legal. c. legitimate
7. looks a. modesty b. interest c. appearance
8. make-up a. dreams b. cosmetics c. clothes
9. glamorous a. very attractive b. clear c. friendly
10. to concentrate a. to react b. to overcome c. to focus on
11. distracters a. things that are necessary b. things that helps you
c. Things that do not let you concentrate.
12. leisure a. free-time activities b. art c. dreams
2. Listen and fill in the chart.
Reasons What matters to him/her
a……………………………………………………… a.……………………… a. Ruth
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b………………………………………………………
b.……………………... b. Mamdouh
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c……………………………………………………… c…………………… c. Samantha
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d……………………………………………………… d……………………… d. Jawad
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3. Listen to the four people and complete these sentences.
a. Ruth urges adolescents to ………………………………………………………………………………………
b. According to Mamdouh, adolescents become delinquent if……………………………….……………………
c. For Samantha, appearance is important because……………………………………….……………………….
d. Jawad thinks that success…………………………………………………………….…………………………
4. Which statement is true?
c. Samantha believes a. Ruth thinks that
1. teens must take a great interest in their looks 1. Youths are not interested in politics at all.
2. teens must be moderately interested in their looks. 2. Youths are a little interested in politics.
3. teens mustn’t bother about their looks. 3. Youths are very interested in politics.
d. According to Jawad, hardworking youths b. For Mamdouh,
1. shouldn’t have leisure. 1. Family life is as important today as it was in the past.
2. should have some leisure. 2. Family life is more important today than it was in the past.
3. should have a great deal of leisure. 3. Family life is less important today than it was in the past.
5. Justify your choices.
a.………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b.………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c.………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d.………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Write a small paragraph about the four views. Try to use the words and
expressions you have acquired in this session.
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Express Yourself: Expressing Opinion / Agreement / Disagreement (p.11)
1. Read the text and note the expressions the four people used to express opinion.
C. “Of course my own looks are important to me. That’s A. “Well, it seems to me many teens, including myself,
why I’m concerned with fashion, new styles and so on. To are much less interested in politics than they should be.
my mind, adolescents should take care of their appearances They assume politics is an adult issue. We should recognize
because I think a person’s outward appearance reflects the that in the near future this issue will become ours. Why not
sort of person he or she is. Believe it or not, I spend about get involved in important matters that have a direct link to
thirty minutes on myself, my make-up, my clothes and my our present and future? I believe we have to become active
hair before I leave home. You may think I’m sort of citizens, take initiatives and make our voices heard; we
obsessed with looking glamorous; but, I can’t imagine how should be fully responsible for shaping our own future. Let’s
you can impress others if your appearance isn’t more than not have others decide for us.”
super.” Ruth , England
Samantha, USA
D. “What matters to me most is my study. My point B. “As far as I am concerned, family should matter to
of view is that adolescents should concentrate more on their adolescents more than any other thing. Family helps
studies. This way, they would determine for themselves adolescents adopt positive values and develop healthy,
their own future status. It’s through studying hard and being emotional and physical behaviours. I mean teens who don’t
alert to distracters, such as too much leisure or careless have good communication, with their families or don’t feel
friends, that you can achieve all that you dream of. supported by their parents, are more likely to have problems
Remember: Success in life depends on how much you are in school, use drugs and alcohol and have trouble with the
focused on your school work.” law. Unfortunately, family is losing the weight it once had!”
Jawad, Morocco. Mamdouh, Egypt
………………………………………..…………………... Expressions of opinion
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2. Here are more expressions of opinion. Classify them into the chart.
I guess… / Where do you stand on the question of … / Personally speaking, I think… /
What’s your say on … / It seems to me that…. / From my angle of vision,… / What’s your attitude towards….
If you ask me… / What do you think of… / In my point of view… / What’s your opinion…. / To be honest,…
Giving opinion Asking for opinion
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3. Decide which is an adult’s attitude (Ad) and which is a young’s attitude (YA).
a. As I see it, youth is a time to build your personality and brush up your talents. ………………………
b. Youth, for me, is a time for entertainment and amusement.. ………………………
c. To my mind, a person should take his decisions individually and independently. ………………………
d. I believe a person has to consult his elder ones before making any decisions. ………………………
e. I think it’s undemocratic to criticize a person’s individual tastes and styles. ………………………
4. Ask for your classmates’ opinions / Give your opinion about these issues.
a. Youths and involvement in politics.
Q. …………………………………………………………………………………………….………….………………………
A. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….………
b. Youths and new fashion
Q. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..……………………
A. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….……………
c. Youths and voluntary work
Q. …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….………………
A. …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….…………………
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Express Yourself: Expressing Opinion / Agreement / Disagreement (p.1
5. Fill in the chart with the appropriate expressions.
Disagreeing Agreeing Expressions

...…………………………. ...…………………………. 1. I agree with you
……………………………. ……………………………. 2. I share the same point /view.
…………………………… …………………………… 3. I don’t think so.
……………………………. ……………………………. 4. I’m in favour of it.
……………………………. ……………………………. 5. There is no way I can accept that
...…………………………. ...…………………………. 6. I approve of that.
……………………………. ……………………………. 7. Sorry to say it, but you are wrong
…………………………… …………………………… 8. I’m for it.
……………………………. ……………………………. 9. You’re definitely/absolutely right
……………………………. ……………………………. 10. I disagree with you.
6. Express agreement or disagreement.
1. There's too much violence on TV.
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2. Humour is very important in our daily life.
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3. Students have to be responsible for their own learning.
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7. What’s your position on these issues? Use expressions from exercise5.
a. Students electing teachers
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b. Separate classes for the gifted
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c. Parents selecting friends for their children.
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d. Parents helping children decide on future careers
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Extra activities
8. What do the following people express? A. opinion b. agreement c. disagreement?
1. Really, I do not totally share the administrative idea of imposing those measures on our employees.
The speaker is expressing …………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………….
2. I strongly disapprove of the measures taken by the host country of our immigrants.
The speaker is expressing …………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….
3. To be honest, our clerks need an increase in their salaries.
The speaker is expressing ……………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………….
4. It seems to me that our forests need immediate care and protection.
The speaker is expressing …………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………….
9. What would you say in the following situations?
1. Do you agree with those who demonstrate against death penalty (‫?) عقوبة اإلعدام‬
……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………
2. What's your view towards the excessive use of food preservatives?
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3. To what extent do you agree with those who are for having English in the national bac exam?
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4. What do you think of having a youth centre in your area?
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Read and Learn Gifts Take Many Forms (pp.12-13)
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Read and Learn Gifts Take Many Forms (pp.12-13)
1. In what fields of interest have/ had these people shown talent, gift or genius?
a. Newton had shown genius in physics.
b. Boussoufa has………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………
c. Saad Benabid has shown …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d. Song Yoo…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
e. FNAIRE………………………………………………………………………………………...............................................
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2. Read the passages and change the underlined words with their synonyms.
a. In 2006 Boussoufa was awarded the Belgian football prize of the year. (……………….. / ……………. / ……….……)
The award is given each year to the most outstanding football player. (………………………..…………. )
b. The style of Benabid reminds poetry-readers of the well- known poet Kabbani. With his recitation of his poem, Saad
astonished the audience. (………………………… / ………………………….. / ………………………..)
c. Yoo was a student at a prestigious school. He has shown genius in solving developed mathematical problems. Although
he was young, Yoo showed his genius by comprehending the Schrödinger equation. Consequently, he was offered
an education at the most well-known universities. (…………..………….. / ………..……………. / …………….……)
(………………..…………….. / …………….…………………. / ……………………..…….……)
d. FNAIRE’S song showed their nationalism and love of Morocco. The song is a mixture of different types of music
genres. (…………………..……….. / ………………………….……. / …………………………..……)
3. Complete the sentences with words or expressions from the passages.
P1. The Moroccan striker was given 283 points after a ………………….………….. by former players and journalists.
P2. The sad poem, which Saad recited at the festival, was about……….…………………………………….
P3. Following his parents’ decision, Yoo ……………………….……………………………… instead of Korea Advanced
Institute of Science because his parents thought he ………………………..……………………….. at this university.
P4. Thanks to their song “Matkich Bladi”, the FNAIRE are assessed as being ……………………….……..........................
Their highly talented combination of different kinds of genres may be regarded as ……………………………………..
4. Interesting expressions from the passages to use in your writing.
a. The award is granted annually to the most outstanding and talented football-player in the country.
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b. With a total of 283 points, the young outranked his team-mates.
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c. Mbarek has made proof of unprecedented scoring gift.
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d. I love to write. I find a lot from myself in poetry. I feel good when I write.
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e. Yoo first made headlines in March last year when he received a certificate for information processing.
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f. His parents decided that he would be best off by attending his lessons at the Inha University.
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GRAMMAR The Infinitive Vs the Gerund (pp.14-15)
1. Read the text and fill in the chart.
Parents: Primary Advocates for their Children
Many parents make it a priority to educate themselves so that they can care for their mathematically talented
students. Most parents, however, are disappointed to learn that few programs exist for elementary children. That makes it
even more important for them to work with school officials to develop a suitable program of study for their children. It is
recommended that parents maintain complete records. Important information should include: reports from previous teachers,
notes from parents conferences, copies of letters written to principals, lists of books the child enjoys reading, types of
programs children love viewing, and also school activities they don’t feel like doing.
School personnel are sometimes suspicious of parents’ opinions and motives. Parents may need to contact outside
experts to help them advocate for their children and keep working within school system. Contacts with private psychologists
and university personnel may help in providing standardized testing and information about challenging mathematics
programs.
Verbs followed by Expressions followed by Verbs ending Verbs in the infinitive
infinitive or gerund in -ing
The gerund The infinitive ……………….. Without “to” With “to”
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………………... ……………….. ………………... ………………... ……………….. ………………...
………………... ………………... ………………... ………………... . ………………...
………………... ………………... ………………... ………………... ……………….. ………………...
………………... ………………... ………………... ………………... . ………………...
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2. Here are other expressions followed by gerund or infinitive. Put the labels in the appropriate column.
a. Some expressions followed by gerund or infinitive with to
b. Some expressions followed by infinitive without to
c. Some expressions followed by gerund
………………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………….
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Let / help / Continue / begin Can’t stand ….. / can’t resist
Should / may / will / could / remember Get/ be used to
Feel like
Must / had better / can / might Hate / love Adore / love / enjoy
Recommend / let’s prefer/ start Imagine
………………………………… ………………………………… Look forward to
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.Choose the correct answer to fill in the blanks. Justify your choice .3
.A. Gifted people are used ……………………. in every competition
…………………………………………………………………....... a. to score b. scoring c. to scoring
.B. Some Moroccan youth associations recommended the government …………………. an institution for talented students
.………………………………………………………………… ...… a. to build b. build c. building
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.C. The best student in the academy was curious about …………….…………. to the USA to continue his studies
…………………………………………………………………....... a. going b. to go c. go
.D. Students prefer ……………….……… English in multimedia classrooms
…………………………………………………………………....... a. to learn b. learn c. learning
.E. The young athlete was upset about ………………….…………. the race
…………………………………………………………………....... a. losing b. to lose c. lost
.F. Sami is looking forward …………………… the first mark in the Olympiad of Maths
…………………………………………………………………....... a. to get b. get c. to getting
.G. I enjoy ………………. novels because I feel transported in the world of imagination
…………………………………………………………………....... a. to read b. read c. reading
.H. Paul is fond of ……………………… political TV shows
…………………………………………………………………....... a. watch b. to watch c. watching

The gerund or the infinitive
A. SELECT THE APPROPRIATE ANSWER.
1. The boy began ……….… ..… when his mother left him at the kindergarten. A. crying B. to cry C. both
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2. Would you …………………. for a few minutes? A. waiting B. wait C. both
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3. Have you finished………………… the computer? A. using B. to use C. both
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4. We expect………………….. from him very soon. A. hearing B. to hear C. both
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5. Tom has given up ……….……… A. smoking B. to smoke C. both
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B. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM.
1. John's car begun…………….……………..……( make) a terrible noise.
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2. Paula pretended…………..…………….. ( not/ see) her friend and crossed the road to avoid………………….. (meet) her.
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3. Most people prefer …………..…………..……… ( spend) Ramadan in their homes.
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4. I don't feel like………………..( play) football today. I'm going to phone my friend to apologize for …………………………..
( not/ be) able to come.
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5. My eldest brother decided (pursue) ……………………….…….. his higher studies in Rabat.
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6. I spend most of my time (draw) …………………………………..………, which irritates my parents. They want me
(devote)…………………………..……all my time to my studies.
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7. Would you mind (rewrite)…………………………………...……….. this exercise on your notebook?
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8. I expect my friend Bob (help) ………………………………………… me with my project.
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9. Our favorite team has begun (recruit) ………………………………..……… international football players like other teams.
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10. Students enjoy (listen) ………………………………………….. to English poems from time to time.
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11. Due to compelling circumstances, our association gave up (help) …………………..…………..……… some villages.
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Infinitive or Gerund
Examples Uses
1. We started to read the article about the United Nations. Same meaning
2. We started reading the article about the United nations. start / begin / bother/cease /
continue / intend / prefer / attempt
3. Our teacher allows working in groups. …………………………………..………. Same meaning but different use
4. Our teacher allows us to work in groups. ………………………….…..…………. advise
5. They forbid cheating in the exam. …………………….………..…..……………... allow / permit
6. They forbid students to cheat in the exam. …………………….……..…………… forbid
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7. I will never forget interviewing this nice writer. …………………………………. Different meanings
8. I will not forget to interview this nice writer. …………………………………. forget / remember
9. I regretted telling you a bad news. …………………………………. regret / stop / try
10. I regret to tell you a bad news. ………………………………….
Match these pairs of sentences with their meanings(a-b).
C. I tried to lose weight. B. 1. I stopped to talk to him about the A. 1. I remembered to e-mail her.
2. I tried dieting, running and concert. 2. I remembered e-mailing her.
eating less. 2. I stopped talking to him about the a. First I e-mailed her and then
a. objective or intention. concert. I remembered.
b. methods followed to lose a. First I stopped, and then I talked b. First I remembered, and then
weight. to him. I e-mailed her.
b. I finished our conversation.
Practise Writing A Descriptive Paragraph (pp.16-17)

What a genius he is!
1. Read the paragraph about a gifted youth and fill in the chart.
Song, my best friend, is really a genius. When he first moved to our neighborhood, the other guys
avoided him. But now everybody wants to keep company with him. What is his secret? He is a brainy boy! He
can solve mathematical operations faster than a calculator, and he can memorize things better than any of his
peers. He always gets the best grades at school, and he is highly acclaimed by his teachers. What makes him even
more popular is his being modest, sociable and reliable. Although he is the shortest boy in our group, he is a
gifted basketball player. Physically, he is round-faced, pale-looking with brown small eyes and short straight
hair. He is usually dressed in casual clothes: tight jeans and T-shirts. All those who know him, including
classmates and teachers, believe Song possesses the traits of a genius.
What he is good at: How he looks like and behaves:
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….………..
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….……….. Name:
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….……….. …………………..
What others say about him: What is special about him: …………………..
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….………..
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….………..
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….………..
2. Think of a gifted person you know ( a friend, a classmate, a relative,..) and complete the chart about him /her.
His/ her gifts and talents: How he/she looks like and behaves:
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….……….. Name and
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….……….. relation to you:
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….……….. …………………..
What others say about him/ her: His special traits: …………………..
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….………..
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….………..
…………………………………….……….. …………………………………….………..
3. With the information in the chart, write a descriptive paragraph about the person. |Here are some useful
adjectives.
a. For physical traits:
Clothes Hair Eyes Face Age Build Height
Casual Bald Big Round Young Frail Tall
Shabby Straight Round Oval Teenager Stocky Short
Smart Curly Blue Wrinkled Middle-aged Slim medium
Tidy Spiky Small Sun-tanned elderly Thin
Messy Wavy narrow Fair-skinned Plump
black Fat
Skinny
Well-built
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b. For abilities and attitudes:
Attitudes towards other people Attitudes towards life Intellectual abilities
Sociable, quarrelsome, Optimistic, pessimistic, extroverted, Intelligent, bright, clever, smart,
argumentative, easy-going, introverted, relaxed, tense, able, gifted, talented, brainy,…
even-tempered, honest, sensitive, practical,…
trustworthy, reliable, sincere…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Practise Writing A Descriptive Paragraph (pp.16-17)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. Put these words and phrases where they belong in the paragraph comparing and
contrasting two friends.
However / In character / Although / By contrast / On the other hand /
In appearance / Besides / As far as I am concerned / Also / Whereas
……………………… Nadia and Nora are close friends, they look and behave differently.
………………………., Nadia is a bit fat and rather short. ………………………, she has got long
blonde hair with a fair complexion. Nora, ………………………., is quite tall and a bit slim. She has
got short curly hair. …………………….. clothes …………………………., Nadia usually wears
smart, fashionable clothes. ………………………Nora prefers casual garments.
…………..………, Nadia is serious and a little reserved. …………………….., Nora is a
sociable and cheerful person. Nadia is ………………………… friendly, but Nora is more popular.
In fact, Nadia and Nora are different. ……………….., the two girls have a lot of things in common.
2. In the following paragraph , four capital letters and four commas are missing.
Insert them where appropriate.
Although he was born and grew up in france Merouane chemmakh is proud of

originating from Morocco. this talented youth started his career as a soccer player in the
local team of bordeaux. As he showed exceptional gift his coach gave him special care.
now he has become one of the pillars of the team. Merouane is indeed a celebrity in
France Morocco and the whole world.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

Expand Your Vocabulary (pp.22-23)
1. Classify these things from the most to the least humorous for you.
a. jokes b. some comedians c. caricatures and cartoons
d. TV sitcoms e. comedy films f. things that happen to your classmates
2. Here are words and expressions related to "humour". Match words with definitions.
Definitions Words
1. An amusing imitation of a famous person. A. humour
2. To make jokes; to joke with someone. B. a joke
3. Funny in an intelligent way; full of fast, humorous responses. C. humorous
4. A short story that causes laughter. D. an impression
5. Amusing, funny and laughable. E. to make fun of someone
6. To tease or laugh at someone in a mocking or unkind way. F. to kid
7. Something said to cause amusement. G. silly
8. Funny in a slightly stupid way, ridiculous H. witty
3. Fill in the blanks with words from the exercise above. Watch out for the words forms.
Sandra: By the way, how did you find Rachida's moves at the party?
Jan: Oh! She was so amusing! She had a great sense of ………....................……………...…….. And you?
Sandra: I didn't appreciate her………………………….……… Some of them made me sick.
What about Karen? Didn't you think she was really funny? I was laughing the whole time she was telling
the story about her trip to Paris.
Jan: Yeah, her story was quite………….…….. , but at times, I couldn't tell if she was ………..…..……….. or being serious.
Sandra: I think she was quite………....………….….…….; her jokes were so intelligent.
Jan: Did you see that guy who was doing the Charlie Chaplin ………………….………? Wasn't that ……….…..…….….?
Sandra: Well, I agree. He was a real idiot! A few people were laughing, but I think that was just because he was making a fool out of himself.
4. These are some words that express feelings and emotions. Can you distinguish positive from negative ones?
Joy / anger / gaiety / despair / delight / loneliness / sadness / frustration / cheerfulness/
Merriment / worry / vivacity / calm / satisfaction / enthusiasm / fear / optimism / jubilation
Negative Emotions Positive Emotions
Anger …………………………………………………. Joy ……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………….
5. Here are some idiomatic expressions used to describe good or bad moods. Put the statements in the right column.
Bad Mood Good Mood a. The news of my brother's success really lifted my spirits.
…………………………… …………………………… b. I'm feeling quite down actually.
…………………………… …………………………… c. My heart sank when I saw the ambulance.
…………………………… …………………………… d. Things are looking up today.
…………………………… …………………………… e. Hind was in the depths of despair after she got that terrible grade.
…………………………… …………………………… f. Sam has been walking on air since he won a poetry prize.
…………………………… …………………………… g. I've been really low recently.
h. My spirits rose when I opened the box and found a nice watch.
6. Fill in the gaps with these verbs collocating with ‘joke’.
have / take / tell / share / get / play
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a Comedians ………………………………… really funny jokes.
b. Why are you laughing? Come on, you two, ………………………………. the joke.
c. Nabil and Rachid always ………………………….. practical jokes on their sister. They’re really horrible boys.
d. I’m afraid I don’t …………..………………… the joke. Can you tell it to me again?
e. Jalil can’t …………………………….. a joke. If you laugh at him, he gets very angry.
f. High school is great fun! We …………………………………….. a laugh and a joke all the time.
7. These phrases all mean to make jokes about someone or something. Use them to fill in the blanks.
a. to make fun of someone b. to pull someone’s leg c. to poke fun at someone
d. to tease someone e. to laugh at someone f. to take the Mickey out of someone
a. We often ………………..…..................................………. of Hicham because he’s bald.
b. Caricaturists …………...................…………………………. at people’s characters in a sarcastic way.
c. Sana can’t tolerate her classmates ………........................................……………………… her.
d. That’s not true; I just wanted to ……….....................………….. your ………............………………….
e. Students usually ………......................………………………………. at Samir’s peculiar hairstyle.
10. Below are four types of humour. Match each of them with the appropriate definition.
a.. Linguistic humour 1. Humourists poke fun at politicians.
b. Cultural humour 2. It’s related to a specific profession (or job).
c. Political humour 3. It is a type of humour specific to a particular culture.
d. Professional humour 4. Humourists make people laugh with the funny language they use.

Listen and Speak Radio Chat (p.24)
1. These are names of Moroccan artists. What do they have in common?
a. Said Nassiri b. Fahid c. Abd RRaouf d. KHiarri e. Hassan Alfadd
Well, these artists …………………………………………………………………………………………….………
2. Who is your favourite? What do you like about him / her?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Here are words and expressions from the radio chat. Choose the appropriate answer.
A. stand-up comedy 1. comedy acted in the studio without the presence of audience
2. silent comedy
3. comedy performed on the stage in front of the audience.
B. tough 1.easy and without difficulty 2. hard and difficult 3. interesting
C. get on the stage 1. place where actors perform or act 2. to have some training 3. to be ready to do something
D. live 1. extraordinary 2. attractive 3. direct
E. to have nerves of steel 1. to be bad-tempered
2. to have the ability to control oneself even in front of big audience
3. to suffer from a mental illness
F. stage fright 1. nervousness felt by the actor in front of the audience
2. fighting on the stage
3. frightening the audience
G. improvise 1. prepare and practice the role 2. to talk about poverty
3. to act without previous preparation
H. you’re stuck 1. you feel good 2. you are strict
3. you are not able to move or continue doing something
I. wits and moves 1. ability to combine words, ideas, actions and gestures to produce a clever type of humour.
2. stupid style of comedy
3. comedy show performed on the stage.
4. What are the things that make a good successful stand-up comedian?
………………………………………….……… ……………………………………………….………
………………………………………….……… ……………………………………………….………
………………………………………….……… ……………………………………………….………
5. Complete these sentences according to the radio chat.
a. A stand-up comedian gets …………………………………………… the first time he/she gives a live performance.
b. Even experienced stand-up comedians ………….…………………………. their acts before they start their shows.
c. Stand-up comedians learn …………………….. and ……………………….. by watching other comedians’ shows.
d. Females have the ……….…………….. and ……………….……….. to do stand-up comedy, but they prefer other
careers.
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6. In the radio chat, the artist used informal contractions that people use when speaking casually.
example “ you gotta have a good sense of humour “gotta” is the contraction of “have got to”.
Listen carefully and catch other contractions.
……………………………… …………………………………….. ……………………………………….
7. Here are some of the most common informal contractions. What do they stand for?
a. Gimme the remote controller, please. “Gimme” = …………………………….
b. Are you gonna watch the match? “gonna” = …………………………….
c. Init a strange story? “Init” = …………………………….
d. It’s kinda funny. “kinda” = …………………………….
e. Lemme go, dad! It’s a great show. “lemme” = …………………………….
f. Do you wanna watch this soap opera? “wanna” = …………………………….

Listen and Speak Ask for Clarification (p.25)
1. Read the text and fill in the chart with the appropriate expressions.
A Radio Chat
Radio speaker: Hi, everybody out there. Welcome to a new edition of ‘Meet a Star’ on OMEGA2 radio channel.
Our guest today is the retired humourist Joanne Thomson. Nice to have you with us Joanne.
My first question would be.. er.. Well, I guess a good sense of humour is essential to be a
successful stand-up comedian. Is that so?
Joanne: Yeah, you gotta have a pretty good sense of humour. But it’s only one part of making people
laugh. It’s really tough to get on a stage in front of an audience and do a stand-up comedy. To do
any kind of live performance, you need to have a strong ego and nerves of steel. Almost
everybody gets stage fright the first time they perform a comic show.
Radio speaker: I’m not sure I got your point. Would you clarify that, please?
Joanne: I wanna say people think stand-up comics do nothing but tell little stories and jokes. It’s A LOT
tougher than that. Stand-up comics spend hours every day practising and perfecting their shows,
and they havta know their audience and the kind of humour they’ll respond to.
Radio speaker: Do you mean stand-up comics prepare their acts beforehand rather than improvise them?
Joanne: That’s exactly what I mean. You havta figure out what you’re gonna say before you get on the
stage. The audience may find it amusing when you’re stuck. But preparation is really important.
Even great comics write their shows first. They have their acts all planned out, then they
improvise around them.
Radio speaker: Comedians need other things to perform well, don’t they?
Joanne: Certainly. Reading and watching the most outstanding comedians are also necessary ingredients.
These give the comedian a wide range of comic words and tricks. The idea isn’t to copy others;
but it helps comedians gain new wits and moves. Look, comedians lose their charm if they stick
to a certain style a long time.
Radio speaker: I can’t understand why there aren’t many famous female stand-up comedians?
Joanne: Well, let’s not make a gender issue out of it. But, I think it’s a question of personal tendency and
career. It’s NOT at all a question of ability or talent!
Radio speaker: Thanks a lot Joanne.
Expressions to ask for clarification Expressions to show lack of understanding
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
2. Add the following expressions in the appropriate column above.
What do you want to say / What do you mean? / I haven’t grasped what you mean.
Could you explain that, please? / I didn’t understand that.
3. Complete the interview with the suitable phrases from the list.
Can you explain / Do you mean / Is that so? / I haven’t grasped
14
Journalist: …………………………………..…………… what the play was about.
Play director: Well, it’s about how avarice leads to unhappiness.
Journalist: …………………………………………………. that, please?
Play director: It’s very simple. If you’re keen on gathering money just for the sake of it, you’ll have the most
miserable sort of life.
Journalist: …………..……………….……………….. people shouldn’t bother about increasing their income?
Play director: I didn’t say that. What I meant is that you have to treat yourself as much as you can afford.
Journalist: What critics said after the first show upset you. ………………………………………….
Play director: Not at all. Anyway, we can’t all have one and the same view.

Listen and Speak Ask for Clarification (p.25)
a. You haven’t understood what the teacher said.
…………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………
b. You have received an SMS which is not clear.
…………………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………
c. You don’t know if your father is OK about your trip as he just said “Let’s talk later”.
…………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………..
d. You didn’t get the meaning of “Blog” when your teacher explained it.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………...
5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.
Sandy: You know what? Lisa is two-faced and she gossips.
George: Sorry, ……………………………………………………………………..?
Sandy: I mean you can’t tell her anything without her telling others about it.
George: My goodness! ………………………………………..?
Sandy: I’m not going to trust her any more because she told me your secret.
George: …………………….…………………….. you’ll break up your friendship with her?
Sandy: No, I won’t. But, I’ll think one thousand times before I tell her anything from now on.
Extra activities
Samir: Good morning, Mr. Taylor!
Mr. taylor: Good morning. Please have a seat. Can I help you?
Samir: Yes, Mr. taylor. I’d like to talk to you about an embarrassing experience I had this week-end.
Mr. taylor: An embarrassing experience? What do you mean?
Samir: Well, I was invited by a friend of mine for dinner. His family was really nice and hospitable. But then something
happened which made them stare at me.
Mr. taylor: Stare at you? I don’t quite follow you. Could you be more explicit?
Samir: Well, actually, they didn’t seem to like my burping.
Mr. taylor: Oh my dear, do you mean you burped during the meal? That’s culturally inappropriate.
Samir: What do you mean by culturally inappropriate?
Mr. taylor: Well, what I’m trying to say is that what you did is not acceptable in our society.
It’s even- sorry to use the word- disgusting.
Samir: Oh dear! But I was taught in my family to thank God whenever I burp.
Mr. taylor: Really? In that case, all you’ve got to do is to explain the matter to your friend.
Samir: Thanks, Mr. taylor.
Mr. taylor: You’re welcome.
6. Fill in the chart with the appropriate expressions.
Asking for clarification Expressing lack of understanding
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
7. Write mini-dialogues.
1 A ……………………………………………… Situation 1
…………………………………………………………… A. You are a foreigner who wants to know why people
B …………………………………………………… take off their shoes when going into the mosque.
…………………………………………………………… B. You explain to him the reason why this should be done.
2 A ……………………………………………… Situation 2
15
…………………………………………………………… A. You are an English teacher trying to explain the
B …………………………………………………… meaning of a word.
…………………………………………………………… B. You are a student who doesn’t understand and wants
3 A ……………………………………………… more clarification.
Situation 3
……………………………………………………………
A. You are a doctor telling your patient what medicine to
B …………………………………………………… take.
…………………………………………………………… B. You are a patient who is a bit confused and wants more
clarification.
Listen and Speak Requesting (p.25)

1. Circle the right answer. Do me a favour, please!
a. The woman is asking for permission to do something.
b. The woman is addressing an order to the boy Woman: Your music is disturbing the
c. The woman is asking the boy to do something for her.
other passengers, would you
2. Which option is correct? mind reducing the volume?
a. The boy responded rudely to the woman’s request.
b. The boy accepted the woman’s request.
Boy: Yes, sure. I wasn’t aware it
c. The boy declined the woman’s request politely. was too loud.
3. What expression did the woman use? What about the boy?
………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………..
4. Read the examples bellow and underline the expressions of requests.
a. “Word-process the article for me, will you?” ………………………………………………………………………………..
b. “Will you please word process the article for me?” …………………………………………………………………………
c. “Would you please word-process the article for me?” ………………………………………………………………………
d. “Could you word-process the article for me, please?” ………………………………………………………………………
e. “Can you word-process the article for me, please?”
…………………………………………………………………………
f. “I wonder if you wouldn’t mind word-processing the article for me.” ………………………………………………………
5. Read the exchanges and notice the responses. Fill in the chart with the
appropriate expressions.
declining Accepting Making requests 1. A. Would you please change
this £ note for me ,?
…………………………. ………………………… …………………………. B. Yes, I think so.
…………………………. . …………………………. A. Thank you very much.
…………………………. ………………………… …………………………. 2. A. Could I borrow the newspaper
…………………………. . …………………………. for a while ?
…………………………. ………………………… …………………………. B. I’m sorry. I’m afraid not.
…………………………. . …………………………. A. Oh, I see. Thank you anyway.
…………………………. ………………………… …………………………. 3. A. Sir, would you mind my
…………………………. . …………………………. opening the window?
………………………… B. Not at all.
.
…………………………
.
…………………………
.
…………………………
.
6. What requests would you make to other people in these situations?

a. The room where you are sitting is not well aerated.
16
You:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The hotel receptionist: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. You do not know the way to the post office.

You:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A man :……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. A passenger is smoking in the train compartment.

You:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The passenger: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d. You couldn’t hear what a person was saying.
You:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A friend:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Read and Learn The Magic of Humour (pp.26-27)

1. Read each quote and choose the appropriate meaning.
1. “People rarely succeed unless they have fun in what they are doing.” Dale Carnegie
a. Having fun in what you are doing is an obstacle (a barrier) to your success.
b. People rarely succeed if they have fun in (and love) what they are doing.
c. People are likely to succeed if they have fun in what they are doing.
2. “Find a job and you will never work a day in your life.” Proverb
a. If you love the job you are doing, you will find it difficult to do.
b. If you love the job you are doing, you feel you are enjoying yourself and having pleasure - instead of just working.
c. If you love the job you are doing, you can work without being paid.
3. “So long as there’s a bit of laughter going, things are all right. As soon as this infernal seriousness heaves up,
everything is lost.” D.H. Lawrence.
a. Laughter is an essential part to have a normal and balanced life.
b. It is important not to laugh. Life without laughter is more fruitful.
c. You lose everything when you laugh. If you avoid laughing, things are all right.
2. Discuss these quotations with your partner.
a. Do they appreciate ‘humour’ or not?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. Do you agree or disagree with them? Why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Read the first and last paragraphs of the text. Find out the writer's attitude
towards using humour at work and school.
Using humour at work and school is the new wave of this millennium, believing it is healthy,
profitable and sometimes necessary.
If you are too serious and like to work or study all the time, you may be believing the outdated
saying: "If you're having fun, you can't be working." A lot of people believe humour restricts
performance at work and school. Logic and experience tell us this is just not the case. People who truly
enjoy their work and school can't wait to get there and can't really tell the difference between work and
play. This is sometimes confused with being a "workaholic", but people who are fun loving towards
their work are less stressed, do better job and are filled with satisfaction. They are witty, energetic,
creative and positive.
Using your sense of humour at work and school is the perfect tool to get more pleasure out of
your day. If you use your humour appropriately, in moderation and if you respect the boundaries of
17
your situation, you will be surprised how quickly it will be embraced and adopted by those around you.
In our fast-paced world, people are always looking for solutions to combat stress and fatigue. They
often underestimate the power of humour and resort to expensive and sometimes harmful remedies.
They fail to realize that humour can produce wonders! To laugh with passion stimulates you mentally,
emotionally, physically and spiritually. You feel light, powerful, joyful and at peace with yourself.
Along with those great feelings, come many other benefits:
● Humour reduces stress and boosts morale
● It facilitates change
● It improves communication
● It relieves boredom
● It builds confidence
Always remember to take a break from your work and studies to recharge with fun, smiles and
laughter. Being 'over-serious' makes it more difficult to cope with daily tasks.
Read and Learn The Magic of Humour (pp.26-27)

4. Tick the ideas mentioned in the text. Justify your answers.
a. Some people believe that humour should be excluded from work and school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. People are more productive if they have fun while working or studying.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c. Humour and hard work can't co-exist.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d. Too much seriousness may affect your health.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
e. Too much humour may hinder people's work achievement.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. What do the words underlined in the text refer to?
a. 'there' (paragraph 2): ……………………………..
b. 'they' (paragraph 2): ……………………………..
6. Find in the text expressions which mean the same as:
a. It is thought that humour constitutes an obstacle to one’s performance when doing one’s job.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. For people who love and enjoy their work, their work (or job) becomes a source of enjoyment and
amusement; it’s like a play.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. If you are fun-loving towards your job, then you are likely to possess many positive qualities ,such as
satisfaction, energy and creativity.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. There are limits to the use of humour so as to be more beneficial and acceptable by others.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Answer the following questions.
a. Which term does the writer use to describe people who are fun-loving towards their work?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How can humour be more advantageous and adequate?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What remedy to combat stress do people underestimate? How does is affect us?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Interesting expressions from the text to use in your writing.
1. Using humour at work and school is the new wave of this millennium, believing it is healthy and profitable.
18
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Using your sense of humour is the perfect tool to get more pleasure out of your day.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. In our fast-paced world, people are always looking for solutions to combat stress and fatigues.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. They fail to realize that humour can produce wonders!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Along with those great feelings, come many other benefits.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study Grammar Modals (pp.28-29)
1. Read the dialogue and choose the suitable explanation.
Brahim, a fan of Mr. Bean, has just arrived in London to attend a humour festival. Now he is having a phone
call with James, one of his English friends.
Brahim: Hello, James. This is Brahim. How are you doing tonight?
James: I’m fine. I’m so glad to hear you, Brahim. How was the trip to London? You must be tired now.
Brahim: I came by plane.
James: I know. Shall we meet now?
Brahim: Not now; I have to get some rest first. We could meet this evening and go to see Mr. Bean’s latest show.
James: All right. That’s a good idea. I haven’t seen it yet.
Brahim: Thanks a lot, James.
James: You needn’t mention it. Welcome to London. With the Internet we could stay in contact all the time. Is there an
Internet connection at the hotel?
Brahim: Unfortunately not.
James: You should have booked a wired room earlier. But don’t worry. We will arrange things together.
Brahim: Ok James. See you soon.
James: Ok, Brahim. Bye.
A. “Brahim must be tired” means: a. Brahim is not tired. b. Brahim is certainly tired. c. Brahim can’t be tired.
B. “Brahim should have booked a wired room” means: a. It was impossible for him to book a wired room.
b. It wasn’t necessary for him to book a wired room.
c. It was advisable for him to book a wired room.
C. “We could meet this evening” means: a. It’s impossible to meet. b. It’s difficult to meet. c. It’s possible to meet.
2. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1. Permission
Future Past Present
May / can……………………….. Might / could ………………………. May / can …………………
/ will be allowed to……………… Was/ were allowed to………………. Am/are/is allowed to…………….
a. My car has broken down. ………………………………..your car? (I / to use)
b. We ……………………….………………. to the stadium yesterday because we had finished all our homework. ( to go )
c. You …………………………………………….. the prison if you tell the truth. ( to leave)
2. Possibility (Probability)
Present / Future Past
Ahmed may / might do his job today. Ahmed may / might have done his job yesterday.
Subject + may / might + ……………..…….. Subject + may / might + …………….. + ……………..
a. Sami ……………….…….. ball with him. I’m not quite sure. (to bring)
b. Our friend got bad marks. He ……………………………………well. (not to prepare)
3. Ability / Inability
Future Past Present
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will be able to ……………………could ……………………………. Can can’t……………………..……
will not be able to...………………
Was/ were able to……….…………. Am/are/is able to…………..……….
Was/ were + not+ able to……….……. Am/are/is+ not + able to……..……….
a. Tom …………………..……………. Football last week because he was injured. ( not to play) ………………………..
b. Tom …………………………..……. Football today because he is injured. ( not to play) ………………………..
c. Tom ……………………..…………. Football tomorrow because he is injured. ( not to play) ……………………….
d. Hassan ……………………………….. everything I tell him, he is still young. (not to remember) …………………….
e. Grandfather …………………………….. yesterday because he had drunk too much coffee. ( not to sleep) ………………
f. We ……………………………. at university once we have our Bac. (to study) ……………………….
4. Advice / Regret / Blame
Past : …………………………………. Present / Future : …………………………
You should / ought to have seen the doctor. You Should / ought to / had better(’d better) see the doctor.
Subject + …………..…… + ……….….…………. Subject + …………..……….………….
a. Leila has a stomach-ache. She …………………….…………………. the doctor. ( to see)
b. You exam is coming soon. You ……………………………………….. for it. ( to prepare)
c. Peter ……………………………..……….…….. his car yesterday(but he didn’t). ( to test)
d. Your dogs Have attacked me. You …………………………..………………….. me. (to warn )

5. Obligation
Future Present Past
will have to+ …………………… must + ……………………………. had to +………….……………..……
have/has to+ ……………………… was/ were to……..………………….
am/ is / are+ to+………...…………. (was/were obliged to+ ………………)
(am/ are/is + obliged to+……….…….)
a. You ……………………………….. a visa if you want to go to France. (to have)
b. Yesterday I got up late. So I ………………………………………..a taxi to work. (to take)
c. You……………………………………… an exam if you want to study medicine next year. ( to sit for)
d. If you want to participate in the competition, You……………………………… the manager. (to inform)
6. Absence of obligation (or necessity)
Future Present Past
won’t have to…………..……… don’t/ doesn’t have to………………… didn’t have to………………….…….…
won’t need to…………….…… don’t/ doesn’t need to…………..…… didn’t need to……………………….…
needn’t +……..…………….…. needn’t +……..…………….…….…. needn’t +have+ past participle.
a. You ……………………………… all the way to tell me the information. You can phone me. (to come)
b. Salim …………………………… that book. I had given him mine. (to buy)
c. Next year, you ………….……………………… new documents. (to bring)
d. You ………………….……. the sentences. You could have just written the numbers. Anyway, it doesn’t matter. (to write)
7. Certainty
Present / Future Past
1. The key must open the door. 1. Ahmed must have found his keys.
a. I’m not sure the key will open the door. a. I am not sure he has found his keys.
b. The key will probably open the door. b. He has probably found his keys.
c. I’m certain the key will open the door. c. I am sure he has found his keys.
2. The key can’t open the door. It’s too small. 2. Sami can’t/ couldn’t have broken the window.
a. The key may open the door. a. It’s probable that he has broken the window.
b. I’m certain the key won’t open the door. b. I am certain he has broken the window.
c. The key should open the door. c. I am certain he hasn’t broken the window.
3. To express certainty in the present/ future, we use: 3. To express certainty in the past, we use:
Subject+ must+……………..………………………… Subject + must +…………….. + ………………………
Subject+ can’t/couldn’t+ ………….………………… Subject + can’t/couldn’t+ …..……..…. + ………………
a. I am quite sure Youssef hadn’t taken the bike. → Youssef………………………..…………………………..
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b. Basma will certainly have good grades. She is hardworking. → Basma ……………………………………………………..
c. I’m certain the baby isn’t hungry. I’ve just fed him. → The baby………………………..…………………………
d. You have been working all day. You …………………………………. tired. (to be)
8. prohibition
Future Present Past
You mustn’t use your book tomorrow. You mustn’t / can’t smoke. You weren’t to cheat in the exam.
You won’t be allowed to use your book You are not allowed to smoke. He wasn’t allowed to cheat in the exam.
tomorrow. You are forbidden to smoke. He was forbidden to cheat in the exam.
You’ll be forbidden to use your book subject +……………. + ..………… subject +………………. + ……………
tomorrow. subject+ ……………..+ ..……….... subject+ ………………..+ …………….
subject +…………….. + …………… subject+ ……………..+ ..………… subject+ ………………..+ …………….
subject +…………….. + ……………
subject+ ……………..+ ………..…....
a. Last week, I sat for an exam in maths. We ……..……………………………. our calculators. ( to use)
b. If you are doing your prayer, you ………………….………….. with others until you finish. ( to speak)

3. Fill in the blanks with the following modals.
Function & time had to / can’t / should have / should / may
1……………………….…………………….. 1. Brahim ……………...……. phoned James before going to London.
2…………………………………….………. 2. Brahim ………….………………. go to the cybercafé to chat with
James. There was no internet connection at the hotel.
3………………….…………………………. 3. Brahim and James ………...…….. meet this evening. I am not sure.
4………………..…………………………… 4.As Brahim is fond of Mr. Bean, he……………….……… miss
his show before going back to Morocco.
5…..………………………………………… 5. Brahim told James: “to give a comic performance, comedians
………………………… use their imagination.
4. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences. Justify your choice.
Justification Sentences
1. a. must b. mustn’t c. can’t 1. The audience has been watching Mr. Bean’s film for more than
…………………..………………………………. two hours. The film …………..……………….. be interesting.
2. a. must be b. mustn’t have c. must have 2. I want to watch Mr. Bean’s film but the CD isn’t working.
…………………..………………………………. The children …………………….…….. damaged it.
3. a. can b. can’t c. couldn’t 3. If Brahim doesn’t have a password, he …..……………… have
…………………..………………………………. access to the humorous web sites.
4. a. have to b. have got to c. had to 4. Yesterday, Brahim and James…………………….. stay late
…………………..………………………………. to watch the film.
5. a. would b. should c. ought 5. “We …………………….. book the tickets for the next show in
…………………..………………………………. advance- they may sell out quickly.” James told Brahim.
6. a. must be b. must have c. mustn’t have been 6. The man sitting in front of us in the theatre burst into laugher.
…………………..………………………………. He ……………..…………… enjoyed the show.
7. a. shall b. should have c. ought to 7…………………………….. we move to the front seat?
…………………..………………………………. We could hear better.
5. Rewrite the words between brackets using the appropriate auxiliary modals.
a. You made me come for nothing. I don’t think(it was necessary for me) to have come.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. (It’s not necessary for you) to be discouraged.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. (You are obliged to) tell the truth.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d. I (was obliged) to be present all the time.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
e. If we try to understand some of the exercises now, we (won’t be obliged to) learn before the exam.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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f. You (have the permission to) see him once a week.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
g. I (advise you to) obey your parents.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
h. No one (has the ability to) defeat that boxer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
i. It (is probable that it will) rain tomorrow.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Put the words in brackets in the correct tense.
1. You ( ought to / see) ……………………………………….. a doctor a month ago. Your case is becoming serious.
……………………………………………………
2. Saad returned from London. He ( must/ get) ………………………..………….………….. his certificate in management.
……………………………………………………
3. When Jane was a student, she ( must / walk) …………………..……….…………. for more than five kilometers a day.
……………………………………………………
4. The spread of Bird Flu Disease ( can/ stop, "use the passive")……………………..……………….….. if Asian countries
had taken serious measures.
……………………………………………………
5. As an artist, you (should / participate) …………………………………………….. in Assila's famous festival.
……………………………………………………
PractiseWriting A Narrative Paragraph (pp.30-31

Tell us the whole story
1. Read this funny story and complete the chart below.
Which way home?
Several years ago, our English teacher tried hard to get us develop some link
between what we learned in class and our immediate environment. One day, she
proposed that each student make a sketch of the school and then draw a map of the town.
After drawing the map, we were to write a short paragraph giving directions from school
to home. Youness, one of my classmates, failed repeatedly to figure out how to write the
directions to his house despite the teacher's help. Ms Nejjari, our teacher, became angry.
She finally asked Youness with a bit of disbelief: "How do you get home after school?"
He looked at her with a straight face and a twinkle in the eyes and then said: "Well, I
take the bus, Miss!"
Nadia
The main elements of Nadia's story

……………………………………………………………………. Date
……………………………………………………………………. Place
……………………………………………………………………. People involved
…………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. Main events
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. Expressions used to
……………………………………………………………………. link events
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2. Put these sequencing words and phrases back into the narrative paragraph below.
After / Finally / Subsequently / Yesterday evening / Then
………………………………, I got home from work a bit later than usual. My wife
was worried about me because that was none of my habits. She prepared dinner which
we ate immediately. …………………………….. she cleaned up the table, we watched
TV for a while. ……………………….., some friends called and invited us to go to a
comic spectacle in a downtown club. The spectacle was not funny as we had expected.
……………………….., we decided to spend the rest of the night in the theatre. We
enjoyed ourselves. At the end of the show, I turned to my wife to ask her if she liked the
play. No reply came back; she was deep asleep! We……………………………………..
left at two o’clock in the morning after a good night laugh.

PractiseWriting A Narrative Paragraph (pp.30-31
3. Give the correct form of the verbs in the past and the correct preposition.
a. Yesterday evening, Jim (get)…………………….. home (preposition)……………… half past six.
b. He immediately (make) …………………….. himself a cup (preposition)………coffee and (sit) ..……… to
read a book.
c. He (read) …………… the book (preposition)……………… half past seven.
d. Then he (have)…………………….. dinner and (get ready)…………………….. to go out with his friends.
e. When his friends (arrive)……………….., they (decide) ……………… to go to the park.
f. he ( stay out) ………………. until midnight with his friends.
g. Finally, he (fall) …………………….. asleep (preposition)……………… about one o’clock.
4. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph with information about what you did yesterday.
Yesterday………………………………………. at ………………………..o’clock. I
immediately ………………………………. After ………………………….., I
…………………………………………………….. Then, I ……………………………
…….. Afterwards, I ………………………….for a while. later, I …………………
……………………..………… I finally …………………………………
5. Fill in the chart with details about a funny incident in your life.
……………………………………………………………………. Date of the incident
……………………………………………………………………. Place
……………………………………………………………………. People involved
…………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. Main events
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. What was funny
…………………………………………………………………….
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6. With the information in the chart, write the story of your funny incident for your
school magazine.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 3 FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (pp.36-49)

1. Fill in the blanks with words from the list: rate - founded – faculties-attend – studies – compulsory
Education in Morocco is free and ……………………………. through primary school. Nevertheless, many children-
particularly girls in rural areas- still do not ………………………. school. The country’s illiteracy ……………………………
has been stuck at around 50% for some years, but it is very high among women in rural regions.
The most prestigious university is Mohammed V in Rabat, with ……………………. of law, sciences, humanities and
medicine. Karaouine University in Fes has been a centre for Islamic ……………………….. for more than 1,000 years and it is
the oldest university in the country. Morocco has a private university, Alakhawayn, in Ifrane. Al-Akhawayn, …………………..
in 1993 by King Hassan II and King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, is an English-medium, American-style university comprising about 1,000 students .
2. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
1. a student following supported high education or a person with much knowledge. a. challenge
2. poor in technology b. tendency
3. person who is learning in a school or from a private teacher c. approach
4. invitation or a call to run a race, to have a fight, etc to see who is stronger, better, etc… d. scholar
5. change or development in a particular direction e. low-tech
6. method or technique f. pupil
3. Find adjectives for the following nouns in the table.
ADJECTIVES NOUNS ADJECTIVES NOUNS ADJECTIVE NOUNS
…….……………….. population …………………….. medicine …………………….. danger

…………………….. fame ………….………….. rain …………………….. psychology
……….…………….. generosity …………….……….. help …………………….. day
…….……………….. health …………….……….. fascination …………………….. fruit
……….…………….. enthusiasm ………………..…….. care …………………….. nation
…………………….. importance
4. Choose the best answer.
1. Salim has to work hard because he is going to ………………………….. an exam. a. make b. sit for c. do
2. My brother is going to ……………………. a course in information technology next year. a. take b. do c. make
3. The teacher ……………….. us a very difficult test last week. a. set b. gave c. made
4. Rachida was very disappointed because she ………………. her exam. a. succeeded b. passed c. failed
5. When Fahim wanted to take his baccalaureate exam, he had to spend hours………….…….. his lessons.
a. revising b. taking c. studying
5. Match the words in column A with their collocates in column B.
6. Fill in the blanks with the right collocations. Column B Column A
1. Our …………………………………………… teacher gave us lessons in basketball. a. education 1. school
2. I must go to the …………………………………………………. to check my e-mail. b. room 2. boarding
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3. Most teachers find it necessary to use ……………………………… in their lessons. c. activities 3. teaching
4. Which is your favourite……………………………….…….…..? Physics or Maths? d. subject 4. multimedia
5. With such a loaded time-table, it’s difficult to find time for ………………………... e. school 5. physical
6. I’d prefer to live with my family rather than in a ……………………………………. f. materials 6. extra-curricular
7. Match the words with the definitions.
1.uses two languages a. by heart
2. another word for CV b. composition
3. a letter or a number that teachers give you in school c. resume
4. learn or develop something through experience d. bilingual dictionary
5. succeed in doing or accomplish e. grade
6. learn it so well that you can repeat it from memory quickly f. acquire
7. becoming less in quantity, size or intensity g. achieve
8. a piece of text that students have to write in school. h. decreasing
8. Put the correct word from the chart above in the appropriate blank.
a. He needs a ………………….……………. to translate this letter.
b. The teacher encourages his students to learn the irregular verbs lists …………….………………
c. I used to write a lot of ………………….………………………. in Arabic subject.
d. I answered all the questions on the test, and I got the best …………………………….. in the class.
e. Please mail your ………………………………….. and the application form to the following address.
f. You only ………………..…………………. your goals if you work hard.
g. Illiteracy in Morocco is ……………………………… rapidly as a result of intensive programs.

Listen and Speak Listen to the chairman of the UNESCO (p.40-41)
1. Do you know What ‘UNESCO’ stands for?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.When was it established? What are some of its objectives?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......
3. Here are words and expressions from the interview. Choose the appropriate answer.
A. Illiteracy 1. the state of being knowledgeable 2. The state of not knowing how to read and write 3. stability
B. to decrease 1.to attract 2. to become higher 3. To become smaller or fewer / to diminish
C. strides 1long steps / development 2. slices 3. sticks
D. recipe 1. politics 2. method of achieving something 3. investments
E. compulsory 1. obligatory 2. satisfactory 3. optional
F. to enable 1. to initiate 2. encourage someone to do something 3. make someone able to do something
G. linking 1. associating / relating 2. talking directly 3. integrating
H. indigenous traditions 1. universal traditions 2. international traditions 3. Native traditions
I. Unlike 1. Contrary 2. similarly 3. Dislike
J. rural 1. the opposite of urban 2. central 3. living in the city
K. harsh 1. suitable 2. easy 3. severe and difficult
L. vast 1. small 2. wide and large 3. vulgar
M. will 1. dream 2. sincerity 3. determination and strong desire
N. accountability 1. responsibility 2. vigour 3. solidarity
O. Executive Board 1. a board used to display news 2. a group of selected people to execute tasks within an organization
3. governmental policy to execute in the country
4. From the three questions of the interviewer, select the one you think is the most important to
a. someone who is responsible in the Chinese government. □ b. someone from the countryside in China. □
c. an activist against war and instability. □ d. an activist for literacy In Africa. □
5. Find out how the government was able to reduce illiteracy in China.
(Q1) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. How are countries in sub-Saharan Africa similar to rural areas in China?
(Q1) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. What are UNESCO’s main concerns?
(Q1) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
An Interview with the Chairman of the UNESCO From our correspondent in Beijing
Correspondent: Xinsheng Zhang is the chairman of the UNESCO’s Executive Board. He is also Vice Minister of Education,
People’s Republic of China.
Welcome Mr. Chairman. My first question is about adult illiteracy in China. The number of illiterate adults in China has
decreased by over 140million in the past twenty years. What is your secret for this success?
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Chairman: Thank you for inviting me to this interview. Ok, in China, we have been making great strides since 1978, and in
the 21st century, we are reducing illiteracy at a rate of 2 million people per year. Our recipe is simple. Our government places a
high priority on two tasks- eliminating illiteracy and providing nine years of compulsory education for all. Our government
enables people to see benefits of literacy by linking it to family life, agricultural production, economic development and
indigenous traditions. We also encourage women’s literacy, because if a woman becomes literate, her whole family benefits.
Correspondent: Education for Rural People was high on the agenda of the 5th High-level Group on Education for all held
in Beijing last November. Why is this issue so important to China?
Chairman: Unlike in Paris, Shanghai or Beijing, the natural conditions in much of western rural area of China are harsh. Much
of the western part of our country is vast and high populated. This means that we need to double our efforts and our investments
in order to achieve the same results. Other countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa can relate to these challenges.
Political will is the key to finding a solution.
We have a coordinated mechanism in which leadership and accountability are shared at the central, provincial prefecture,
municipal levels, according to the strength of each ministry and agency.
Correspondent: What is at the top of your agenda as Chairman of UNESCO’s Executive Board?
Chairman: Well! We need to focus on UNESCO’s strengths in education, science and culture. UNESCO’s 60th anniversary is
a milestone. We must fulfill the Organization’s mandate by contributing to peace and prosperity. But there are new challenges
too, HIV and AIDS, SARS, Avian Flu, sustainable development and terrorism. I have a very good Board in terms of its
experience, diversity, knowledge and willingness to contribute. Reaching our goals will be a collective effort.
correspondent: Thank you Mr. Chairman
Chairman: Thank you.

Listen and Speak Express Purpose (p.40-41)
1. Notice and study the following sentences.
a. The journalist met Mr. Zhang to interview him.
b. The journalist met Mr. Zhang for an interview.
c. This means that we need to double our efforts and our investments in order to achieve the same results.
d. This means that we need to double our efforts and our investments so as to achieve the same results.
e. This means that we need to double our efforts and our investments so that we can achieve the same results.
f. Posters and brochures are used to convince people to study.
g. Posters and brochures are used for convincing people to study.
2. What type of wh-questions do most of the previous sentences answer?

…………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………
3. How do we express purpose?
Examples Structure
……………………………………………….……………… 1..……………………… + infinitive
……………………………………………………….……… ....……………………….+ infinitive
…………………………………………….………………… …………………………+ infinitive
…………………………………………….………………… 2……………………………………….
…………………………………………….………………… …………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………….……… 3………………………….……..……..
4. Match sentence from A with a sentence from B to make a new one.
B A
a. They want to learn how to read and write. 1. Our government opened new schools.
b. They wanted to reach people everywhere in the country. 2. They use the media.
c. They wanted to encourage more children to attend school. 3. They make a great effort.
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d. They want to reduce illiteracy rates. 4. Radio and television are also used.
e. They wanted to sensitize people to the advantages of literacy.
5. Adults go to literacy classes.
5. Rewrite the above sentences using expressions of purpose instead of “they want to”.
1.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Complete these sentences appropriately using expressions of purpose.
1. Traffic signs are put in the streets ……………………………………………………………………...
2. I phoned my friend …………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I gave him my phone number ………………………………………………………………………….
4. He is working hard these days …………………………………………………………………………
5. She sold her old car …………………………………………………………………………………….
6. He plays sport everyday ……………………………………………………………………………….

Read and Learn Literacy Lights the Way (pp.42-43)
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Read and Learn Literacy Lights the Way (pp.42-43)
1. Look at the graphs on page 42 and answer the questions.
a. Is illiteracy increasing or decreasing?
……………….………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………
b. Who are the groups mostly affected by illiteracy?
…………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Are these sentences true or false? Justify your answer.
a. Zahra was enthusiastic while talking to the audience.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Zahra dropped out from school because her father was poor.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Thanks to her husband’s help, Zahra joined the literacy group.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
a. Why did Zahra have to pay someone to read her letters?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Who helped Zahra to be confident and have a strong personality?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. How did Zahra and her circle help 55 children receive medical care?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d. Is the writer of this text enthusiastic, neutral, or critical towards Zahra’s story? Justify.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
a. Zahra enthusiastically read a speech about how literacy changed her life. ……..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Zahra attended school only for a short time then she dropped out.
…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………..
c. It wasn’t easy for her to find a job as she was unskilled.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d. When she was illiterate, she had some problems at the level of personality.
..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
e. Thanks to the literacy circle, Zahra developed skills and competencies.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
28
a. In our community, girls work as maids and boys work in the fields.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. With her few skills, Zahra had trouble finding employment and eventually left for the big city.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..
c. She joined a literacy circle run by an organization that works in partnership with the ministry of education.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..
d. Zahra credited the literacy circle with helping her gain the communication and managerial skills that enables
her to participate actively in her community.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..
e. She has become a symbol and an example of literacy success among organizations and ministry officials.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

GRAMMAR The Past Perfect (pp.44-45)
Review of Tenses
1. Read the text and fill in the chart with the verbs in the simple present and time expressions .
Everyday, Maria gets up at 7:00 a.m. She has breakfast at 7:30 and listens to the radio. At 8:30, she goes to the English
institute. She goes by bus. She studies English from 9:00 to 11:00 a.m. At 12:00, she goes to the library and works on the computer
until 1:30. Then she has lunch with her classmates in the institute cafeteria. In the afternoon, she goes swimming or plays tennis in the
institute sport centre. In the evening, she has dinner with her family at 7:00. After dinner, she watches TV then goes to bed at 11:00 p.m.
She doesn't go to the institute in the weekend. On Saturday, She goes shopping, and on Sunday she does her homework and relaxes.
Time expressions The simple present
At eight…………………....................................... ……………………………………………….……..……..
……………………………………………………… …………………………..………………………………...
……………………………………………………… ……………………………..……………………………..
2. Write the appropriate questions to the underlined phrase.
Time/ means of transport/ place/ people/ company Where /how/ With whom /what/ when/ what time
activity
1. Time 1. What time does Maria get up?
2. ……………………………………. She gets up at 7:00 a.m.
3. ……………………………………. 2………………………………………….….………………..?
4. ……………………………………. 3………………………….……………….…………………..?
5. ……………………………………. 4…………………………….……………….………………..?
6. ……………………………………. 5…………………………….……………….………………..?
7. ……………………………………. 6……………………………….…………………….………..?
8. ……………………………………. 7……………………………….………………….…………..?
9. ……………………………………. 8……………………………….………………….…………..?
10. ……………………………………. 9………………………………….………………….………..?
The simple Present and the adverbs of frequency
3 Fill in the table with the appropriate forms of the verbs work, move and study.
Interrogative Negative Affirmative
……………………..………….... ………………………………….... I ……… ………… …………
…………………………….…….. ………………………….….…….. He/ She /It……. ……… …….
………………..…..…………….. ………………..………………….. We/ You/ They….. …… …….
Wh-question: How often do you+ verb…….? Adverbs of frequency
always 100%
usually
…………..
29
do my homework. ….………..
…….…….. I
….….…….
…….……..
……….…..
0%
4. Put the adverb of frequency in the correct place.
1 My brother ……...…….………….…..me with my homework. ( help/ always) ………… ………………………………………
2. We ……………………………...discussions with our teachers. (have/ rarely) …………. …………………………………...
3. I am tired in the evening. (often) ………………………………………….. ………………………………………………….
4. Good teachers ………….……….….. to work with their students. (like /usually) ………………………………………………..
5. My English teacher ……………..…. Late for school. ( be/ never) ………………………………………………..
6. My school organizes trips to places in Morocco. (sometimes) ………………………………………………………..………………
5. Complete the chart with the right forms: The present continuous
Iinterrogative statements Negative statements Affirmative statements
…… I I ……….. I …….
……. you You ………. You …….
……. He/ she/ it Playing? He /She/ It …..… playing. He /She/ It .…… playing.
……… we/ you/ they We/ You/ They ……… We/ You/ They ……
.….…+ Subject+.…..……+……....? Subject+….…+….…+….…+….... Form: Subject+………+….……+…...
6. Mike is at the book store. Complete his conversation with Betty. Use the present continuous.
Betty: Hi, Mike! What ……………..…………..(you/ do) here?
Mike: Oh, nice to see you Betty. I…………….………..(look) for some books for our school library. We ……….………...….(start) a
Reading Club.
Betty: That sounds a lot of work.
Mike: Well, don't worry about that. We………………….…………( not spend) too much time on that.
It…………………..….……( not take) me away of my studies. And our teachers ……………………….( help) us.
Mike: That's great. Good luck with your reading club.
Future with the present continuous
Alia: What are you doing tomorrow, Mary? Would you
7. Answer the questions. like to go to the supermarket?
1. Where is Mary going tomorrow? Mary: Oh, sorry, I'm going to the beach. Maybe another
…………………………………………………………….. day.
2. What is she doing on Saturday afternoon? Alia: How about Saturday afternoon ? Are you doing
…………………………………………………………….. anything then?
3. Where are Alia and her friends going on Saturday? Mary: Saturday afternoon? Um…. Actually, I'm not doing
…………………………………………………………….. anything special. What are you planning to do?
4. What time is she going to meet Mary? Alia: My friends and I are going to the zoo.
Do you want to come?
Mary: Sure, I'd love to.
Alia: Great! Do you want me to pick you up at your
house?
Mary: Ok. What time?
Alia: Is 2:30 fine with you?
Mary: That's great! I'll see you on Saturday at 2:30.
The simple past of the verb to be

8. Fill in the chart with the appropriate forms of the verbs to be in the past
A: When…………..…. You born? Interrogative Negative Affirmative
B: I………….…. born in 1981. - …....I/he/she/it at home? - I/He/She/It………...at - I/He/She/It…….….at
A: What …..…….. his occupation? - ………..we/ you/ they at home yesterday. home yesterday.
B: He……………..... a film maker.
home? - We/ You/ They …….. - We/ You/ They...…...
A: ………….…their parents artists?
B: No, they….……. They…..…teachers. ……..at home. ……..at home.
9. What did Tony and Bob do last Sunday?
Tony: I stayed at home all day. In the evening, I cleaned my room and revised my lessons. In the afternoon, I
watched a documentary and the news on TV. In the evening, I surfed the internet.
Bob: We visited my grandparents. My grandmother cooked a big dinner. We listened to my grandfather's nice
tales and laughed a lot. I played football with my cousins.
30
The simple past: Regular verbs
Negative Interrogative Affirmative
I …….……… a documentary. (watch) …..… you…………... movie?(watch) I…………….(watch)TV yesterday.
They …………....….. a tree last week. When.………..... he………..…..to the In the morning, he …………..……
(plant) news? (listen) (study) English.
The simple past: Irregular verbs
10. What did you do yesterday?
Jim: I enjoyed my day off yesterday. I got up late, went jogging, took a long shower, and ate a big
breakfast. In the afternoon, I met my friends and we went to the museum. We saw a terrific art
exhibition.
Rachid: I had a very busy day yesterday. I cleaned the garage and worked in the garden in the morning.
In the afternoon, I went to art school I practiced my hobby for two hours. Then, I went downtown and
bought some CDs. I was very tired in the evening, so I went to bed early.
Kate: I had a bad day yesterday. I got up late, had a quick breakfast, and drove to the Art centre. My car
broke down on the way to the centre, so I phoned the mechanic and rushed to work. When I got there, I
was twenty minutes late and I didn't have the chance to join the group. It was a bad day!
11. Underline all the verbs in the past then fill in the chart.
S. past Infinitive S. past Infinitive
…………………... …………………... …………………... …………………...
…………………... …………………... …………………... …………………...
…………………... …………………... …………………... …………………...
…………………... …………………... …………………... …………………...
…………………... …………………... …………………... …………………...
…………………... …………………... …………………... …………………...
…………………... …………………... …………………... …………………...
…………………... …………………... …………………... …………………...
…………………... …………………... …………………... …………………...
12. Fill in the chart with the appropriate forms of the verbs in the past
The simple past: Irregular verbs
Interrogative Affirmative
a. ……...… you……….…... the man last week?(see) a. I….…………….(have)an interview yesterday.
b. When…….…..... he…………….. the news? (read) In the morning, he …....……(go) to the English
c. Where /you / go) club.
………………………………………………………… ? b. Salma (get up)…………………. at 7:00.
d. (You / go / alone ) c. she ( have)…………………. a big breakfast.
………………………………………………………… ? d. She (go) ……………….. to work.
e. ( how long/ he / stay / there ) e. She ( sleep ) ………………. at 11:00.
………………………………………………………… ?
f. ( the weather / be / fine )
………………………………………………………… ?
Negative
I ……………..……… a copy. (get)
They ………...…..….. the dog with them. (take)
13. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verb.
A: …..……. You ..……..….. out in the afternoon? A: ….… you………… to school yesterday? ( go )
(go) B: No, I ………. It………..….. my day off?
B: Yes.I ………...… my friends and we (do not/ be)
……………..to the park. (meet/ go) A: What ……..…. You…….…… in the morning?
A: How ……….…. You………..…… it? (like ) (do)
B: It..………..….. terrific. ( be) B: I………..… to the radio and…………...some
letters. (listen / write)
31
14. Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verbs in the list.
buy / drink / cost / catch / spend / throw / sell / teach /write
a. Shakespeare ……………………… a lot of plays and poems.
b. How did you learn how to drive? My husband ……………………..……….. me.
c. We …………………………. our old car and got a new one.
d. As I was very thirsty, I …………….………….. the water quickly.
e. Omar ……….…….……. the ball to Najat, and she ………….……………….. it with both hands.
f. Amine ………………. a lot of money yesterday. He …………………. a pair of jeans which ………………. dhs120.
The past continuous Vs simple past
subject+…………….+………………+……………….
subject+…………….+………………+……………….+………………
………………+ subject.+………………+……………….?
1. When I was surfing the internet last night, I found an interesting article on modern inventions.
2. While the scientist was working in his laboratory, he made an important discovery.
3. The children were playing video games on the computer when the lights went out.
4. A: What were you doing at 9:00 last night? B: I was talking on the phone.
14. Put the verbs in the correct tense.

We had a very unlucky day yesterday:
1. When my mother (do)…………..… the laundry, the washing machine suddenly (stop)……………………
2 I (buy)………………… some CDs at the department store when someone (steal)…..…………. my wallet.
3. My father (work)……………....…….. on his computer when the memory (go)….……….…… out.
4. My eldest brother (drop)………………. his new digital camera while he (take)…….....……. some pictures.
5. My youngest sister (watch)…..………….…….TV when the electricity (go)………….……..…out.
6. My younger brother (have)…………….……a bad accident while he ( drive )……………....…….. and
(talk )…………….….... on his cell phone.
7. When my eldest sister (vacuum)…………………..……….. , she (have)……….…….. a bad electric shock.
The present perfect
2. A: Have you found information about 1. Doctor: What's the matter, Leila?
pollution yet? Leila: I have had headaches lately.
B: Yes I have already surfed the net. Dr.: Has the nurse taken your temperature yet?
Leila: Yes, she has already taken it. She took it a
A: Have you ever heard of the greenhouse
while ago.
effect? Dr.: Have you seen an ophthalmologist yet?
B: No, I have never heard of that. Leila: No, I haven't seen one yet, but I'm going to.
15. Read the sentences and fill in the chart: The forms of the present perfect
Negative Interrogative Affirmative
I /You/ We/ They………….. ….… I /You/ We/ They I /You/ We/ They……….…+
………… …......... ? …………
He / She/ It…………………….. .…….. he/ she/ it………... He / She/ It…………….…+…….
…….. ………? ……..
Form: Subject+ ………+……..+ ………….subject……………. Form: Subject+ ………………+
…….. .? ……..
Infinitive Simple past Past participle Infinitive Simple past Past participle
Be was/ were Been Write ..…………… .......................
Take took Taken Speak .…….……… ..........................
Bring ..…………… brought Put ...................... ………………
Build .……………… ……………. .…………… Kept .........................
Catch caught ……………… ..…………… ..…….……… Sent
Choose ........................ chosen Teach ..……….…… ……………..
Have ....................... ……………. Think Thought ………………
Get ……………… ……………. Tell .………….… Told
..………… ….................. Eaten .…………… Saw ……………..
Find ……………… Found Hear .………….… ……………..
Go ……………… Gone Clean .……………… ……………….
ride ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… begun
32
16. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Mother: …….……. You…….……. out the garbage yet, Debbie? (take) .1
Debbie: yes, I ………… already ……….………. It out, but the garbage truck…….……….. it yet. (take/ not collect)
2. Teacher: ……………. anybody in the class ever………………. to the Amazon forest? (be)
Tom: I ………….. never…………. There, but I……….…already.…....…… a documentary about it on TV. (be/see)
3. Bill: …………...….your father…………….. writing that book about deforestation yet?( finish)
Jack: Yes, he…………….. already………….……… it. It's in the bookstores now. (Publish)
4. Mary: ………….….. you ……………. The environment program yet? (start)
Kate: Yes, we……………..already……….…… the beach. (clean). Next week, we are planting trees in the park.
The present perfect Vs the simple past
3. A: The city council have already started the anti pollution 1. A: Have you ever seen a documentary on the Amazon?
campaign. B: yes I have. I saw it last month.
B: Really? When? 2. A: Have you written the report on deforestation yet?
A: They started it last week. B: Yes, I have, I wrote it yesterday.
18. Complete the conversation.
1. A: …….………… you ever……..…..…..… a camel? (ride)
B: Yes, I……………. I………....……. one last summer when I ………………….……..in the Sahara. ( ride/ be)
2. A: ……………..… your father ………………..….. the garden yet? ( finish )
B: Yes. He ……..…………..…… some flowers yesterday, but he…….……………………them yet. (plant /not water)
3. A: ……………..….……. Firemen…………….…… out that fire yet? (put)
B: Yes, they……………..….. They…………….….. .it out last night? (put)
4 A: ……………….…. your school ever……………….…..……in an environment project? (participate)
B: Yes. We………………….………..1000 trees in our neighborhood last month. (plant )

GRAMMAR The Past Perfect (pp.44-45)
1. Read the text and complete the following table.
Karim is telling his classmates about his experience in an exchange visit to U.K.
“Before I went to England, I had always thought that I would never adjust to the new culture. But my host
family were very nice people and did everything to make me feel at home. They had redecorated and
refurnished my room and had planned visits to different areas round the country before I arrived. On my first
evening, my host family said they had invited some neighbours for dinner to celebrate my arrival. I really had a
kind of dream-come-true feeling. When the neighbours had arrived, dinner was served and we had a very
pleasant evening. But I discovered that the English I had learnt at school was not enough to fully understand
what British people say. However, the little English I had learnt earlier served as a good start to get further.
Past Perfect Simple Past

…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
Forms:
The Past Perfect Continuous The Past Perfect Simple
Affirmative Affirmative
…..……+ ……………+ ..…..…+…………+………. ……….……+ ……..……… + ………….…………
Negative Negative
….……+ ….……+…….… +…….…. +….……+….... …..………+ ……..…… +……….…….. +…………
Interrogative Interrogative
……….. +………...+…..……….+…….…..+….….. ? ……...….. +………..……..+………………….. ?
2. Read the following sentences and underline the events which happened first.
Event 2 Event 1
a. After my aunt had done a lot of housework yesterday, she went to her literacy class.
a……………… a………………
b. When she met Nadia, she told her she had learnt her lessons.
b……………… b………………
c. She had never been so motivated before she benefited from this programme.
33
c……………… c……………… d. She felt tired because she had been working a lot all the week.
d……………… d……………… e. Last month, she got a prize from the association because she had made great efforts.
e……………… e……………… f. Nadia had studied for ten years before she got married.
f……………… f………………
3. Support the following uses of the past perfect with examples from the sentences above.
A. The past perfect is used to show that one event happened before another
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
B. The past perfect is used to show cause and effect.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
C. The past perfect is used in reported speech.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
D. The past perfect is used to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the
past.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
4. Put the verbs between brackets in the past (simple or perfect)
a. Nadia (never read) ……………………….. such an interesting story before she moved to university in Spain.
b. ( Nadia – ever – study )……………………………………………….. Spanish before she moved there?
c. She (be) ………………..……….……….. there as a tourist.
d. She only understood the text in Spanish because she (read) ……………………..………….. it twice.
e. She (get) ……………….……………………… a good mark because she had revised well before.
f. She (have) ………………….…………………. a part-time job for two years before she finished her studies.
g. She (read) ……………………..…………………… a novel for ten continuous hours when she went to bed.

GRAMMAR The past perfect (pp.44-45)
5. Rewrite these sentences following the example:
Example: We got in the classroom. The teacher started the lesson.
After we had got to the classroom, the teacher started the lesson.
Before the teacher started the lesson, we had got in the classroom.
a. Zahra finished her homework. She went to bed.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
b. Her father turned off the TV. She finished watching a progamme about non-formal education.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
c. Zahra became an educated woman. She set up a small enterprise.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
d. Zahra started to revise her lessons at 5:30. At 6:00, her friend, Nadia, knocked at the door.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
e. Many illiterate people got enrolled. The ministry of education launched a literacy programme.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….
6. PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE: Simple Past/ Past perfect
1. I ( go) ………..……..……….. to bed as soon as I ( finish )…..………………….……..…… my homework.
2. Sam (turn) ……………..………….. on the TV after he ( wash) …………………………….….. the dishes.
3. Maria ( feed/ already) ……………….…….…….….. the cat when she ( go ) …………..……. to work.
4. By the time we ( get) ……….……… to the cinema, the film ( start / already) ……………………………….…
34
5. We ( play) ……………………….……..….…….. cards for several hours before we ( go) ………..……… to bed.
7. Circle the appropriate adverbial form.

1. By the time / Until / After we went to the cinema, the film had already started.
3. Maria went work after / before / until she had fed the baby.
4. I had stayed in the hospital when / by the time / until I recovered.
8 PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT TENSE. Past perfect simple / Past perfect
continuous.
1. Sarah was exhausted. She (wash). …………………………….……. the dishes for more than three hours.
2. We (walk) …………………………………… for several hours before we reached the summit of the mountain.
3. Mary decided to buy a new watch with the money her father ( give) ……………………………….……. her for
her birthday.
4. Sue (watch) …………………………………. Her favourite TV programme for two hours when the light went off.
5. The children (already/ go) ………………………………….………. to bed when their mother came from work.

Practise Writing (pp.46-47)
Report on Dropping out from School
1. Study the following table about a seminar on students' dropping out of school in rural areas.
Then answer the questions below.
Local Educational Authorities a. Organizers
Dropping out in countryside schools: causes and solutions b. Topic
November 20th c. Date
Town Hall conference room d. Place
Educators, parents' associations, political officials e. Participants
200 people approximately f. Attendance
Mini-lectures, workshops g. Activities
Some causes of the phenomenon: h. Main ideas
 Poverty
 Schools situated far from houses
 Children needed in farm and work and household chores…
Recommendations
 Encourage drop-out students to return to school
 Support poor families to be able to send their children to school
 Sensitise parents and children about the importance of schooling
Seminar: fruitful and successful i. Evaluation
Participants: Some satisfied with results and Reactions
Others call for further action
a. What was the Seminar about?
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. Who are drop-out students?
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………….
c. When and where did the meeting take place?
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………….
d. Who were involved in the seminar?
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………….
e. What were the main recommendations of the seminar?
35
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Complete this sample report with information about the seminar
(title) ………………………………..………………………………………
The Town Hal conference room was the destination of hundreds of people last ……………………………………
The occasion was a seminar organized by ……………………..…………………… The seminar revolved around an
urgent topic: ……………………………………………………………………………………..……………
Participant, including ………………………………..……. And ………………………………..……………………
……….…………………………. attended the meeting. The audience reached the estimated figure of …………
……… ………………………. The activities included ……………………………….. and ………………………….
The participants agreed that there were three main causes of dropping out of schools in rural areas.
The first one is …………………………………………….…………………………………….………………….
The second cause is …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
And the third cause is …………………………………………………………………………………………………
The participants concluded the seminar with urgent recommendations. They suggested that the Ministry should
…………………………………………………………………………, ………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….. and …………………………………………………………..
All those who attended the seminar agreed that it was ……………………..……….. and ………………..
.…………………………….. Most of them ………………………………………………….………………. And
many others ………………………………………………………….………………

Practise Writing (pp.46-47)
A. Some linking words express different relationships within a written text. They can express:
1. addition 2. cause and effect 3. contrast 4. purpose 5. concession
e…………………….. d…………………….. c…………………….. b…………………….. a……………………..
.
- … because … - although … - both… and…. …… but …… -…… in order to…….
- consequently … - yet … - ….too/ as well - while … - …..to…..
- due to … - however … - in addition to… - on the hand - ….so as to….
- thanks to … Though … - not only … but … - … whereas … - …so that…
B. Read the following text and put the appropriate missing linking words from the list.
1. and 2. but 3. In addition to 4. as well 5. not only
6. because 7. although 8. because of 9. however 10. but also
The importance of Education in Society
Generally, at the start of a very young age, children learn to develop and use their mental, moral ……………
physical powers, which they acquire through various types of education. Education is commonly referred to as a process of
learning and obtaining knowledge at school, in a form of formal education …………………. , the process of education doesn’t
only start when a child first attends school. Education begins at home. One does ………………….. acquire knowledge from a
teacher; …………..….. can learn and receive knowledge from a parent, a family member and even an acquaintance.
…………………….. attending school and receiving an education is extremely vital and necessary in almost all
societies, there are places in the world where not everyone has an opportunity to receive this formal type of education. The
opportunities that are offered are greatly limited. Sometimes there are not enough resources to provide schooling. ……….
………….., some parents need their children to help them work in factories, have odd jobs, or just do farm work.
………………… formal education is not available to everyone in some places, the one who receives education is
usually envied, praised and even admired by members of the community. There is a sense of admiration …………….. at the
same time there is a sense of jealousy …………..……….. . Seeing your peer do better than yourself causes some tension and
jealousy ……………….…… the scarce opportunities available. As a child, it’s hard to understand why there is a difference.
C. Write a paragraph about one means of learning ( reading, listening, TV, the internet, etc.) that you think is very
important. Explain why it is so important using appropriate linking words.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
D. You want to apply for a scholarship in an institute of higher education in London as it is advertised in your local
newspapers . Complete the following letter with words from the box.
appeared / scholarship / hold / marketing / experience / forward / available / citizen / apply / interview / newspapers
…………………………….
…………………………….
……………………………..
……………………………..
Institute of Higher Education,
PO Box : 216
London,
England.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I would like to …..………..…… for a ………………..…………… in your institute for the next school year as it has
…………............recently in our local ………………………….. here in Morocco.
I am a Moroccan …………..………………., aged 22. I am a fluent speaker and writer of Arabic and French. I also
speak a great amount of English. As for my education, I …………..…………….. a diploma in ………….……………. and
I have ………………….………. in communication and computer science.
I am …………………………. for tests and ………………..…………….
Looking ………………………………. to receiving your answer.
Yours faithfully,
(full name)
(signature)
UNIT 4 Sustainable Development (pp.50-65)

1. Categorise the phrases in the box below into the three sets as shown in the diagram.
Environmental issues Economic Issues Social Issues
Climate change Raw materials Health care
…………………..…………………… …………………….………………… ……………………………...…………
……………….………………………. ………………………………………. ………………………….…………….
………………..……………………… …………………….………………… …………………………..……………
water pollution micro enterprise energy preservation money investment
social Justice forest preservation ecological crisis transport infrastructure
poverty elimination equal pay for women recycling waste property rights
2. Words that look and sound alike are often confusing. Match each word with its appropriate
meaning, then complete the sentences.
A. a. capitol (i) money with which a business is started.
b. capital (ii) parliament building; building in which the United States Congress meets
My friend needs a big ………………………. to invest in his new business.
B. a. collaborate (i) confirm to be true; reinforce; certify
b. corroborate (ii) work together
With the help of micro-credits, rural women …………………… with each other and set up small enterprise.
C. a. affluent (i) stream flowing from a river or lake, discharge of sewage from a factory
b. effluent (ii) wealthy
The U.S.A. is one of the most …………..……… nations in the world, yet some Americans live in extreme poverty.
D. a. indigent (i) native; belonging to a place; originating from a place
b. indigenous (ii) poor; impoverished
In order to sustain development in rural areas, the government should be concerned about …………. people who
lack basic necessities.
E. a. compulsive (i) uncontrollably urged to act
b. compulsory (ii) obligatory
Education in Morocco is …………………………………. to the age of 16.
F. a. assistance (i) aid, help
b. assistant (ii) one who aids, helper
Some Moroccan serious associations get …………..…………………. from international NGOs.
37
3. Make collocations with the words given.
………………………..……….. ……………….………………. a. Organization 1. Civil
………………………..……….. ……………….………………. b. Development 2. Non-governmental
………………………..……….. ……………….………………. c. areas 3. Sustainable
………………………..……….. ……………….………………. d. society 4. Renewable
………………………..……….. ……………….………………. e. energy 5. urban
a. ………………………………… is concerned with society’s needs and well-being in the short, medium and long term.
b. Non-governmental, non-profit organizations, and voluntary associations make up what is referred to as ………………………..
c. One way to sustain development is to link ………………………….……. with rural ones.
d. ……………………….……. are forms of energy that are renewed as quickly are used (ex. solar energy, wind, etc).
e. Greenpeace is a …………………………. that works for environmental conservation and the protection of endangered species.
4. Group the expressions according to the suggested headings.
Ecological development Social development Political development Economic development
…………………………. …………………………... …………………………... …………………………..
…………………………. …………………………... …………………………... .
…………………………. …………………………... …………………………... …………………………..
…………………………. …………………………... …………………………... .
…………………………. …………………………... …………………………... …………………………..
…………………………. …………………………... …………………………... .
…………………………. …………………………... …………………………... …………………………..
…………………………. …………………………... …………………………... .
…………………………..
.
…………………………..
.
…………………………..
.
…………………………..
.
Road infrastructure / renewable energy / human rights / poverty reduction / economic corporation
peace / professional industry / gender equality / promoted citizenship / saving natural resources
dignity / protecting the environment / democracy / True governance / education for all
investment / equity / preserving forests / promoting self-employment / Biodiversity

Listen and Speak A Sustainable Development Approach (p.54-55)
1. Here are words and expressions from the interview. Choose the appropriate answer.
A. to shed light 1. to describe 2. to focus on 3. to develop
B. headquarters 1. municipality 2. associations 3. the central building of an establishment
C. linkage 1. relating 2. advantage 3. shortage
D. goods 1. grades 2. products 3. services
E. commuting 1. living and working in the same area 2. working in the city
3. working in an area and living in another (city or countryside)
F. income 1. revenue 2. welcome 3. sitcom
G. improve 1. to empower 2. to finance 3. to become better
H. implement 1. impatient 2. initiate 3. put into practice / to apply
I. in fact 1. in reality 2. in advance 3. inner
J. drawbacks 1. advantages 2. disadvantages 3. breaks
K. urbanizing 1. change a rural area into a town-like area 2. living in an urban area
3. migrating to an urban area
2. Listen and find out who asked about:
a. The advantages of rural-urban linkage approach. Journalist …..…
b. the significance of rural-linkage Journalist …..…
c. the disadvantages of urbanization Journalist ….…
d. the implementation of the approach. Journalist …..…
3. Fill in the chart with appropriate notes.
Drawbacks of urbanizing How to implement it Benefits of rural-urban Meaning of rural-urban
rural areas linkage approach linkage
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…………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………...
…………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………...
…………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………...
…………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………...
…………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………...
…………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………...
…………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………...
…………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………...
…………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………... ……………………………...
4. Listen to the whole conference and jot down words synonyms to:
a. more and more ………….……………… b. without doubt ………………………. c. suitable ……………...…………….
To shed light on the topic of sustainable development, four journalists are going to ask some questions to Dr. Okpala a
chief responsible of Urban Economy and Finance Branch at the UN headquarters.
Journalist1: Could you please tell us what you mean by rural-urban linkage?
Dr. Okpala: Well… Rural-urban linkage generally refers to the growing mobility of people, services and goods
between city and countryside. This refers to people migrating or commuting and goods exchange between the two
areas.
Journalist2: What are the benefits of this approach?
Dr. Okpala: Of course it has many benefits. Various countries and regions adopt the urban-rural linkage approach as
a strategy for achieving faster development. For example, a development action on both areas plays a positive role in
decreasing poverty. It also creates employment and develops income. Adequate investments certainly improve rural
productivity. Moreover, it allows access to markets, jobs and public services.
Journalist3: How can Morocco implement this approach?

Dr. Okpala: A good question in fact. First, we need to evaluate and understand the relationships between urban and
rural areas in Morocco. Second, adequate infrastructure such as transportation, communication, energy and basic
services should be developed at all levels; national, regional and local. Both areas hold many capacities that are
inactive. Efforts should be made to benefit from these capacities in the development process of both areas.
Journalist4: What are the drawbacks of urbanizing rural areas?
Dr. Okpala: Well, some people don’t think that there are drawbacks. Personally, I think urbanizing rural areas is not
at all positive. Cities and their metropolitan extensions absorb productive agricultural land, exploit water resources,
and pollute the rural environment. Besides, cities rarely expand and build up efficiently.

Listen and Speak Express Cause and Effect (p.54-55)
1. Study these examples carefully. Copy the expressions of cause and effect in the chart.
a. Many developing countries are in debt and poverty due to drought and lack of rain.
b. One cause of underdevelopment is illiteracy.
c. One effect of illiteracy is large family size.
d. Educated women have fewer children because they plan their family. As a result, they have better personal life and
nutrition.
Expressions of Effect Expressions of Cause
………………………/………………………….. ………………………/…………………………..
………………………/………………………….. ………………………/…………………………..
2. Match the cause with the effect. Then write cause and effect sentences using appropriate
expressions.
countryside because of Deforestation
students drop out of school is / are due to Schools are far
greenhouse effect because Global warming
illiteracy causes Terrible road accidents
sea level rising consequently Ignorance
bad road infrastructures is the effect of/ Climate change
desertification brings about
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Example: Deforestation causes desertification. Desertification is the result of deforestation.
….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Using expressions from this table, make sentences expressing cause and effect.
Effect Cause
The result / effect / consequence of …….. is ………
Effect Cause The cause of / The reason for ……. is …..
Because of this,
Consequently, X is /Xs are caused by / due to………………..
………………… As a result, …………………
Therefore,
As a consequence,
So,
a. Cities have grown so large / There is an increasing industrialization.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Factory jobs attracted people / Cities become overcrowded.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. People emigrate from countryside to city / There are no places for leisure, entertainment, and culture in the
countryside.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d. Better schools attract families to move to the city / Classes become crowded.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
e. Schools are far from students in rural areas / Absenteeism increases.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
f. City life appears more interesting / People draw away from rural communities.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
g. Leila got home late. She missed a TV program about human development.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
h. This area is much polluted. The inhabitants have problem breathing.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Read and Learn Moroccan NGOs Seek the Empowerment of Women and Youth (pp.56-57)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Read and Learn Moroccan NGOs Seek the Empowerment of Women and Youth (pp.56-57)
1. What are “Zakoura” and “DABA 2007”?
……………….………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………
2. Choose the correct answer.
Zakoura and DABA 2007 are interested in :
a. environment and ecology.
b. education and mass media.
c. sustainable development and politics.
a. Why do Moroccan women benefit from micro-credit more than men do?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. How can we improve the status of women and empower them?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Why are some young people unwilling to participate in the political parties in Morocco?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d. According to DABA2007, how caw we convince youth to engage in political life?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Read the interview again and fill in the chart.
Objectives Name of Foundation
41
………………………………………………………………… - zakoura
…………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………… - DABA 2007
…………………………………………………………………
5. Pick up words in the interview meaning the same as the following.
a. graded: ………………………………..…......
b. consciousness: ………………………………..
c. dedicate: ……………………………………....
d. turning away from: ………………………….
e. criticizing: ………………………………….….
f. retreat from: ……………………..…………….
a. These organizations aim to empower the women and youth of Morocco, whom Ayouch considers to be the
country’s future.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Our country will truly change the day they are given economic, cultural, and political power.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………
c. The changes made to the family code constitute a major shift in the Arab world.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………
d. Every Moroccan should play a role in the political process and no longer be content as a mere spectator.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

GRAMMAR The Future Perfect (pp.58-59)
1. Notice and study this example situation.
Today is Sunday. Peter wants to meet Brahim this week but he doesn’t know what day he is free.
Peter: Is that alright if I come and see you tomorrow?
Brahim: No, I’m afraid I am busy these days. I will participate in a campaign on poverty. We will have to work
from Monday to Thursday.
Peter: Well, what about Friday?
Brahim: Fine. The campaign will have ended by then.
2. Underline the verbs in the future and put them in this space.
a. ……………………………………… b. ………………………………… c. ………….………………………..
3. Fill in the chart with the verbs you have copied.
Future action Future action completed before another
(Future Simple) (Future Perfect Simple)
……………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………
Affirmative: ………….…….+………………..+……………….+…..…….….
Negative : ……………….+………….……..+………….…….+……….…….+……….
Interrogative: …………….….+………………..+…..……...…….+………….?
4. Fill in the blanks choosing the correct verb form:
a. My father is setting up his first business after retiring. He …………..……….…………………. by the end of the year.
A. will have completed his mission B. will complete his mission
42
b. By the end of the second decade, Moroccan big cities ……………..……………………. by highway.
A. will be linked B. will have been linked
c. She ………………………..…………………………….. if she has more time.
A. will have traveled B. will travel
d. By the end of 2025, the world population …………………….………………. substantially.
A. will grow B. will have grown
e. Countries have promised they …………………………………… the problem of immigration and urban growth.
A. will have tackled B. will tackle
f. Global warming means that storms and hurricanes ………………………………………………… more widespread.
A. will have become B. will become
5. Put the verbs between brackets in the future perfect tense.
a. By the end of this decade, nearly all rural areas (benefit)………………….……………………….. from electricity and water.
b. By 2018, women (improve) ………………………………..…………. their social status.
c. Zahra (finish) ……………….…………………. the administrative arrangement by the time she receives her first micro-credit.
d. Maybe Morocco (eradicate) …………………………………………..……. illiteracy by the end of 2025.
e. A school is going to open next year. By the end of June, the workmen (accomplish)……………….……………….. their work.
6. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
a. Brahim: Did you hear that our city council (start) ……………..…………………………. building three recreational centers
this coming January.
Sarah: That’s fine. Many youth (have) ……………………….. the opportunity to show their talents.
Brahim: They (set up) …………………………………………… one centre each three months.
Sarah: At this rate, they (finish) ………………….……………………….. them by the end of the year.
b. Zaid: I can’t believe how enthusiastic the volunteers are! By the time they finish the campaign against illiteracy, an NGO
(build) ………………..………………………………. a school for non-formal education.
Jane: Aren’t you participating in this campaign?
Zaid: Of course I am. Illiteracy is a common concern. We hope that every illiterate person in our countryside
( benefit) ……………………………………………….…….. from this programme.
c. Mike: I see that Morocco has been working on highways for many years. Do you think they (accomplish)…………………..
……………………………………….. in a short time from now.
d. Meriem: I hope so. They (probably, complete) ………………………………..……………… them by the end of this decade.
e. In the frame of the National Initiative for Human Development, many important projects are being implemented in different
domains. Some of them (finish) ……………………………..………………. by few years while others ( last) ……………
……………..…………. for about ten other years.

Practise Writing Apply for a Grant (pp.60-61)
1. Read this municipal communiqué and answer the questions below.
Ministry of interior
Municipality of……
February 16th
Communiqué
Would you like to contribute to the development of your community,
but you don’t have the budget to finance your project?
The local municipality is offering grants or funds to projects that
would benefit the population and the environment.
Grants will be given to projects on these areas:
* Environment Preservation
* Literacy
* Sustainable Development
To get a grant for your project:
Deposit an application and a detailed description of your project at the municipality hall.
a. What is the communiqué about?
b. What project areas are suggested by the municipality?
c. What should interested people do to get a grant?
2. Think of a project, discuss it with your partner and then fill in the chart with your project specifications.
………………………………………………………………………………………….. Project Area
………………………………………………………………………………………….. Goals of the project
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
43
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. Activities
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. Requirements
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. Estimated Budget
3. Now, write a letter to the local municipality to ask for a grant for you project.
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
……………………………………….
Ministry of interior
Municipality of……….…
The President of the Municipality
Dear Mr. President,

In reply to the municipal communiqué issued on February 16th, we would like to apply for
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Our project works on …………………………., and it aims at …………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Our main activities would be ………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
To implement this project, we would need ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
The project also needs a budget that can be estimated at ……………………………………
For more details, we are enclosing a technical card of our project.
Yours Sincerely,
………………..
………………..
UNIT 5 WOMEN AND POWER (pp.66-

79)
1. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
1. The movement which advocates the rights of women to have equal opportunities to those possessed a. stereotype
by men. b. violence
2. Freeing someone socially and politically. c. feminism
3. Having more than one spouse. d. self-confidence
4. Actions or words which are intended to hurt people. e. International
5. an exaggerated or wrong image of the characteristics of a particular group. Women’s Day
6. Male or female f. emancipation
7. An occasion celebrated by women’s groups around the world on March 8th. g. polygamy
8. A belief in one’s abilities and skills. h. gender
2. Complete the sentences , choosing from the box.
1. humanitarian / 2. emancipation / 3. self-confidence / 4. polygamy / 5. family code / 6. stereotypes
a. Negative ……………..……………… are obstacles that hinder women’s advancement in different domains.
b. Thanks to the new Moroccan ………………………………, the status of women has noticeably changed.
c. According to the new ‘Mudawana’, ………………………………….can’t be practiced without the first wife’s approval.
d. All over the world, women have always had a continuous struggle for ………………………..………….
e. Women need to have …………………………….……… and other social and intellectual abilities.
f. The Red Crescent organization provides ………………..……… aid for people in need, especially women and children.
3. Add appropriate suffixes to these words and complete the table below.
dominate feminine resist criticize responsible differ ignore active equal confer organize
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united improve repudiate manage govern globalize inferior participate dependent
- - ity - -ism - -ance / ence - -ment - - ation
security terrorism assistance requirement emancipation
………………….. ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. …………………..
………………….. ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. …………………..
………………….. ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. …………………..
………………….. ………………….. ………………….. ………………….. …………………..
4. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate noun from the table above.
a. The fourth world ………………………..…………. about women took place in China in 1995.
b. Within the past two decades, ……………………..……….. has created a great impact on the lives of women in
developing countries.
c. Many human rights associations call for ……….…………………. between men and women in public and political life.
d. Women’s illiteracy and …………………..………….. are linked together.
e. In Morocco, there are many human rights …………………….…………. that combat violence against women.
f. I can’t imagine why some women feel a complex of …………………….……….. They are as equal as others.
5. Fill in the table with the appropriate.
Adjectives Nouns Adjectives Nouns
Strong ………………………….. ………………………….. Power
…………………………. Pregnancy Feminist ……………………………..
Literate ……………………………. …………………………….. Law
………………………….. heroine ……………………………. existence
6. Using the suffixes in the list, write the corresponding adjectives to the nouns given in the table.
tic / ful / ian / ed /al/ial / ic / eous / ous / ical / ing
Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Noun
…………………. Greatness …………………. Talent …………………. Peace
…………………. Ideology …………………. Courage …………………. Authority
…………………. Power …………………. Politics …………………. Success
…………………. Psychology …………………. Method …………………. Skill
…………………. Motivation …………………. Hero …………………. Profession
…………………. Generosity …………………. Optimist …………………. Emotion
…………………. Realism …………………. Pessimist …………………. Energy
…………………. reality …………………. Interest …………………. aspiration
UNIT 5 WOMEN AND POWER (pp.66-79)

7. Read the following text and fill in the blanks choosing from the list below.
1. talents 2. social 3. ensuring 4. status 5. benefit 6. promotes
One of the most effective ways of improving the ………..…………….. and well-being of women is by ……..……………..
their full, equal, effective participation in political, economic and ……………..…………. life. This approach …………………..
and protects women’s human rights while allowing society to …………….…….……. from the diverse experiences, ………..
…………… and capabilities of all its members.
8. Match the words on the left with their approximate equivalents on the right.
1. giving authority to a. female
2. assurance b. gray matter
3. opposite of male c. win
4. working out d. transfer
5. transmit e. empowering
6. cerebral cortex, or thinking matter f. identify
7. recognize g. tolerant
8. liberal h. self-confidence
9. gain i. solving
Listen and Speak Express Addition and Concession (p.71)

1. Read the quote carefully and answer the questions below.
45
Loubna told the reporter: “Women have demonstrated considerable leadership in community, as well as in public office.
However, they still suffer from negative stereotypes”.
a. What other words can you use instead of the underlined ones? ................................................................................................
b. What do these words express? ................................................................................................................................................
Concession
Examples Uses Expressions
Although women’s situation has They are commonly used in speaking and although
improved, violence against them persists. writing, but although is preferred in though
formal English. even though
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Despite gaining ground in the struggle for Despite and in spite of are followed by despite
equality with men, women’s participation phrases, not clauses. The phrase contains in spite of
in political decision-making is low. nouns or gerund.
…………………………………………
…
…………………………………………
…
Women have had far reaching Nevertheless is used in informal English. However
rights; however, they are still However is frequently used in both speaking and nevertheless
regarded as inferior in some writing. However may appear at the beginning, in
societies. the middle or at the end of a sentence.
Addition
Examples Uses Expressions
I don’t really want to go out tonight. Besides, These words In addition, also, too, besides,
there is a good documentary on TV. are used for equally important, furthermore,
This painting is not only valuable but also a adding moreover, additionally, further,
work of art. information. as well as, not only … but
Mrs. Smith is an intelligent teacher. Moreover, also… what’s more, etc.
she takes an interest in the personal well-being of
her students.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Listen and Speak Express Addition and Concession (p.71)
1. Choose the correct words in brackets.

a. Hanna is a talented engineer. …………………………. , she is modest and helpful. (Moreover / But)
b. She is well-educated. …………………………., she has very good manners. ( Though / Besides)
c. ………………………….. she has good qualifications, she doesn’t have a high-pay job. (Although / as
well as)
d. ………………………… working hard, some employees don’t earn much. ( In spite of / Besides)
e. She looked for jobs everywhere. ……………………. , she couldn’t find one. also / However)
f. They went swimming …………………………………….. the coldness of the water. ( although / despite)
2. Complete the sentences using the appropriate words.
a. ……………………………. Helen Killler couldn’t see or hear, she was able to feel people’s hands.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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b. …………………………… being serious in her work, she also showed respect and self-esteem.
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c. …………………………… having two handicaps, Helen killer learned to milk a cow and make bread.
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d. Helen lectured to support the blind. ………………., she wrote numerous books and articles.
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e. Helen said: “The world is full of trouble. .…………………….., as long as we have people fighting
trouble, we have a pretty good world.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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f. She was a woman of luminous intelligence, high ambition and great accomplishment. ……………….,
she devoted her life to helping others.
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g. Helen Killer was ……………… a self-made person …………. she was ………. ready to lend a hand.
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3. Link the following sentences using the words given.
a. Educated women have a big influence on society. They contribute to the welfare of their families.
(moreover)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. Educated women look after their houses. They work outside their homes. (also)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c. Working women spend much time at work. They are able to perfectly manage their households. (despite)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d. It’s true that a lot of women and girls in Morocco have access to education. They are still regarded as
inferior in some societies. (although)
…………………………………………...……………………………………………………………………
Read and learn Women at the Top (p.72-73)

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GRAMMAR The Passive Voice (pp.74-75)
1. Study these sentences and complete the chart below.
Agent Action Object Examples
Journalists are reported Facts a. Facts are reported in the press by journalists.
……………….. ……………………. ……………………. b. AlMoqaddima was written by Ibn Khaldoun.
……………….. ……………………. ……………………. c. The word “press” is used to refer to news media.
Use: The passive voice is used
 when we focus on the person or thing affected by an action.
Zahra was granted a reward for her voluntary work to fight illiteracy. The focus is on ………………… ……………….
A school was built in the village to encourage students to attend classes. The focus is on ………………… ……………….
 when the agent( the doer of the action) is more important:
TV was invented by Logie Baird. The agent is ……………………………..
2. The following chart includes examples of sentences changed from the active to the passive. What do you notice?
Time reference Passive Active
Present Simple The news is shown on TV. 1. They show the news on TV.
Present Continuous The newspaper is being printed. 2. They are printing the newspaper now.
Past Simple A new satellite was launched yesterday. 3. They launched a new satellite yesterday.
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Past continuous A football match was being shown 4. They were showing a football match.
Present Perfect Trees have been planted. 5. We have planted trees.
 All the active sentences above have transitive verbs: Subject + …………………. + …………………..
 In all the passive sentences,
a. the object precedes the main verb.
b. The main verb is changed into …………………………………
c. 1. We introduce the verb “to be” before the main verb: ………………..+ ………………………..
2. The verb “to be” takes the tense of the main verb.
NB. Students need to learn by heart:

1. The past participle of verbs, 2. all the forms of the verb to be.
The Simple Past The Simple Present
…..…. …….… ……….. …..…. …….… ………..
The Past Continuous The Present Continuous
………/………/……+……..….. ………/………/……+……..…..
The verb
The Past Perfect The Present Perfect
……..…/………….+………….. ……..…/………….+…………..
Modal + be The future Simple
............................................................
………………………………………
to be ……...……..+……..………
Gerund …………………… The Future Perfect

The bare infinitive: ……………… ……….+…….……+…………
The infinitive with “to’: …………..
Passive Active Tenses

Campaigns …………………………………… They organize campaigns. The Simple Present
Object + ……………..……………+ ……………………………..
Centers ……………………………..………… The government is building centers. The Present Continuous
Object + ……………..……+…………………..………+ ……………………………..
Three …… …………………………………… The criminal has killed three women. The Present Perfect
Object + ……………..……………+ ……………………+……….………..
Campaigns …………………………………… They organized campaigns. The Simple Past
Object + ……………..……………+ ……………………………..

GRAMMAR The Passive Voice (pp.74-75)
Centers ……………………………..………… The government was building centers. The Past Continuous
Object + ……………..…+……………..…………+ ……………………………..
Three …… …………………………………… The criminal had killed three women. The Past Perfect
Object + ……………..……+………………………+ ……………………………..
Scholarships…………………..……………… The city council will grant scholarships The future Simple
………………………………………………… to students.
…………………………………………………
Object + ……………..……………+ ……………………+……………..………..
The …… …………………………………… Students will have completed the The Future Perfect
……………………………………………….. mission by the end of June.
Object + ………………+ …………………+……………………………..
3. Put the following sentences in the Passive form.

1. Public schools have spent more than £2 billion on computers and internet connections.
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2. The British government’s policy on education opens up access to the new technologies.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The government is providing more basic school equipment such as books and papers.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Students develop independent learning and study habits.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Students will find computer skills indispensable when they go to universities.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The teacher is not going to open the window.
The window ……………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………….
7. The girls had lost the match.
The match ……………………………………………………………….……….…………………………..…………………..
4. Sentences with modals
11. They should clean the house every week. 8. The Blacks and the Whites can solve the problem of Racism.
The house……………………….................................... ………………………………….…………………………………
12. The school will perform Shakespeare’s Hamlet. 8. Teachers shouldn’t adopt biased attitudes in their classes.
Shakespeare’s Hamlet……………………………………. ………………….…………………………………………………
13. They can send a letter from Italy. 9. They had to push their car to get it start.
A letter…………………………........................................... The car……………….…………………………..…………….....
14. They may miss the train. 10. Students must do their homework.
The train……………………………………………… The homework…………………………….............................
Rule: Subject + modal + verb + object → object + ………………+………………+………….……
5. Sentences in the negative or the interrogative
19. Nobody noticed his mistake. 15. They had not seen him for two days.
His mistake ………………………………………………… He………………………………………………….……………
-…………………………………………………………….. 16. They have not milked the cows yet.
-…………………………………………………………….. The cows………………………………………..………………
-………………………...…………………………………… 17. He did not put the book back into its proper place.
20. Do they teach English in this centre? The book…………………………………………………..…….
………………………………………………………………. -………………………………………………………………….
-……………………………………………………………… -………………………………………………………………….
-……………………………………………………………… 18. The students don’t know the answer.
21. Did the teacher give the students an easy quiz? The answer……………..……………………………………….
……….. the students ……………………………………… -……………………………………………..…………………..
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Practise Writing Book Review (pp.76-77)
1. Read this book review and fill in the chart opposite.
The Last Chapter by Leila Abouzeid
A. Leila Abouzeid began her career as a radio and TV journalist, and worked as a press assistant in government ministries. She is
a pioneer among her Moroccan contemporaries in that she writes in Arabic rather than in French, and is the first Moroccan
women writer of literature to be translated into English. She is the author of a collection of short stories and two novels: “The
Year of the Elephant” and “The Last Chapter”.
B. “The Last Chapter” is a semi-autobiographical book. It tells the story of a young woman, called Aicha and her struggle to find
an identity in the post-colonial period. The author portrays Aicha’s life from adolescence to adulthood through a series of
flashbacks, anecdotes, and monologues.
C. The novel describes people, traditions, and culture in Morocco. Male-female relationships are thoroughly discussed in the
narrative. By exposing the readers to Aicha’s troubled romantic relationships, Abouzeid uncovers the changes in male-female
roles in Morocco after independence. Many aspects of Moroccan society are also explored through Aicha’s life. The workplace
and corruption, the struggle for women’s rights, the difference between colonial and native languages are all combined in this
novel.
D. for critics, the book has both artistic and pedagogical merits. It makes future generations aware of the possibility to surpass
personal frustrations and develop deep commitment to one’s own country.
………….………………………………………………………..…………………. Title of the novel
………….………………………………………………………..…………………. Author’s name and nationality
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………….………………………………………………………..…………………. Summary of the novel
………….………………………………………………………..………………….
………….………………………………………………………..………………….
………….………………………………………………………..…………………. Writing styles and techniques
2. Match the four parts of the review with these titles.
Titles Parts of the review
1. techniques used in the novel Part A
2. Critics’ evaluation of the novel Part B
3. Author’s background Part C
4. Summary of the novel Part D
3. Complete this chart with information about one of the novels or plays you have read.
………………………………………………………………..……………………. Title of the book
………………………………………………………………..…………………….. Author’s name and background
……………………………………….….………………………………………….. Summary of the book
……………………………………….…………………………………………….. +
………………………………………………….………………………………….. Writing styles and techniques
…………………………………………………..…………………………………..
………………………………………………….………………………………….. Your evaluation of the book
………………………………………………….…………………………………...
4. Use the information in the chart above to write a review of the book. You can follow the review of
“the Last Chapter” as a model.
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UNIT 6 Cultural Values (pp.80-95)

Expand Your Vocabulary pp.82-83
1. Study this dictionary entry about the different meanings of the word "value", then do the exercise below.
5. value values valued (verb): When experts value 1. Value (noun) : If something is of value, it is useful or
something, they decide how much money it's worth. important. If it's of no value or importance, it has no usefulness
6. value values (noun): the values of a person or a group or importance.
are moral principles and beliefs they think are important. 2. Value, values ,valued (verb): if you value something or
7. Value values (noun) : a value is a particular number or someone, you think they are important and you appreciate
quantity than can replace a symbol such as 'x' or 'y' in a them.
mathematical expression.( technical) 3. Valued( adjective): highly-estimated; well-regarded
4. Value (noun) : worth of something in terms of money
2. Decide which meaning " value" has in each example with reference to the dictionary entry.
A. Tahar Benjelloun is a valued Moroccan novelist.
B. Educators call for a return to traditional family values.
C. Some experts value the potential revenue from taxes at around dhs 50 million.
D. This bracelet is really of no value.
E. More experiments must be made to see if this medicament has any value..
F. What's the value of 'x' in this equation: 2x + y = 9 ?
G. The dollar often goes down in value in the time of war.
H. The countries of South Asia share many common values.
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I. If you value your health, you should give up bad eating habits.
J. Samantha puts a high value on her appearance.
3. Here is a short poem about values. Read and identify the main values mentioned in it.
4. Here are other global values: Values identified : Equivalent in Arabic What do you value, what do you treasure?
Citizenship partnership ………………. ………………….. What do you use as your ethical measure?
initiative co-existence ………………. ………………….. What tops the list of your values agenda:
altruism co-operation ………………. ………………….. Tolerance, brotherhood, or xenophobia?
equity ………………. ………………….. What criteria shape your vision:
Which ones are you familiar ………………. ………………….. Democracy, respect or exclusion?
with? ………………. ………………….. (xenophobia: fear of people from other countries)
5. Relate these values with their meanings.
5. 6. Match the words with antonyms
6. (opposites) .
Meaning Value
1. The ability to accept and respect the opinions and beliefs of others a. altruism
2. The ability to live together in harmony b. Citizenship
Meaning Value 3. The act of participating with others and working together towards c. initiative
1. hatred a. altruism the same end
2. irresponsibility b. tolerance 4. selflessness, generosity, kindness d. Tolerance
3. selfishness c. co-operation 5. equal treatment to anyone e. co-existence
4. conflict d. equity 6. the ability or opportunity to act before others do f. co-operation
5. individuality e. responsibility 7. the set of rights and duties a person has towards his own g. equity
6. injustice f. love community
7. intolerance g. harmony
7. Fill in the blanks with: 1.appropriate – 2. community – 3.criteria – 4.circumstances – 5.backgrounds – 6.suitable – 7.nations.
A value is universal only if it fulfills three…….a……... . First, it must be ……………b….. .at all times –in the
past, in the present, and in the future. It should also be………..c…….…. for all humans –from different cultures, of opposite
genders, and from various religious……….d…….. On top of that, a value has to be applicable under all ………….e………:
among members of a family, among citizens within a ………….f……...., and between ………..g………...of the world.
9. Fill in the blanks with collocations from task 7. 8. Find words in column A which
a. …………………..……….. is concerned with educating children on the love of their Collocate with words in column B.
country and the readiness to serve their community. B A
b. A good citizen always works for the…………………….……….. of his community  education  Culture
rather than seeks private benefits or privileges.  good  Civic
c. Another aspect of citizenship is fulfilling one's…………………………….towards  shock  Moral
society before asking for one's rights.
 citizenship  Cultural
d. ………………………..………..makes of the world a picturesque, heterogeneous and
 obligation  Common
pleasant place with regard to the various cultures around the world.
e. A person may experience……………….……… when he moves to a cultural  diversity  Global
environment which is different from his own.
f. ……………….…………… is the ability to think beyond boundaries of place, identity
and culture, and recognize all human beings around the world as equal to us.

Expand Your Vocabulary pp.82-83
10. Match these terms with their definitions. Underline expressions used to define words.
Terms definitions
a. Culture 1. can be defined as principles or standards of good behaviour.
b. Values 2. refer to the widely accepted traditions within a community.
c. Multilingualism 3. designates the beliefs, language, and entire way of life of a particular people.
d. Patrimony 4. means using or involving many languages.
e. Customs 5. can be described as the artistic and intellectual heritage left by former generations.
11. Read the following paragraphs about culture and complete the diagrams.
[…] More recently, the United Nations Culture can be defined as all the behaviors, ways
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) of life, arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are
(2002) described culture as follows: "... culture should be passed down from generation to generation. Culture has
regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, been called "the way of life for an entire society." As such,
intellectual and emotional features of society or a social it includes codes of manners, dress, language, religion,
group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and rituals, norms of behavior such as law and morality, and
literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, systems of belief as well as the arts and gastronomy.
traditions and beliefs".
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Aspects of culture Aspects of culture
12. Compare the two definitions. In what way are they similar or different?
13. Which words in the lists are close in meaning to the ones in bold letters?
a. contact……..…………… mixture……………………… varied………………………………
→ The world is a rich blend of cultural traditions and beliefs. Is this an advantage? Maybe, maybe not. Some
people welcome the fact that we live in an increasingly diverse world. Others may feel more hesitant, especially
if they have not had much exposure to people different from them.
b. respect………………….. communicate……………………… races………………………….
→ Today, more than ever, we can interact with people of differing ethnicities and cultures. This diversity
enriches our knowledge of other people and helps us understand and esteem them.
c. cooperate………………..……….. relationships…………….………………..………
unfair…………………………….. cohabitation……………………….…….……….
→ Coexistence in today’s world depends on being able to accept, appreciate, and collaborate with others. This
means respecting and learning from others, valuing differences, bridging the gaps, rejecting inequitable
stereotypes, discovering common ground, and creating new bonds.
14. Complete this passage below from the given list.
1. culture 2. self-interested 3. equal 4. community 5. customs
6. cooperate 7. considerable 8. freedoms 9. attitudes
→ Tolerance necessitates that you should possess certain beliefs and ……………………… First, you must
believe sincerely that all people are born……………………………….. This means that everyone in world
deserves the same rights and …………….………. Things such as skin, colour, gender, religion or …..
…………………. should not matter to you. Do not think that people with ……………………… that differ from
yours are silly. Besides, you have to be ………….…………….. and cooperative with others. You should be
concerned with everyone’s needs, wishes, or feeling. Avoid being ………………………………., leading your
life the way you want and getting what you need regardless of what the others want or need. Instead, try to be an
altruistic person- ready to help, ………….………….and share. Only then you can be part of the global
…………………………..
UNIT 6 Cultural Values (pp.80-

95)
Define your Concept (p.85)
1. Extract from the definitions expressions used to define terms.
a. Values can be defined as principles or standards of good behaviour. 1……………………….…………………………..………
b. Customs refer to the widely accepted traditions within a community 2.……………………..…….……………..……………….
c. Culture designates the beliefs, language, and entire way of life of a particular people. 3……..……………………………………….
d. Multilingualism means using or involving many languages. 4………………………………………..…………………..
e. Patrimony can be described as the artistic and intellectual heritage left by former generations.
5…………………………………………….……………..
2. Study these ways of defining.
1……………….. is……………… 2. ………………is called………………….
3. ……………….is known as…………… 4. ………………… may be defined…….…….…
5. ………………….can be defined……………….. 6. ………………… is a type of………….which……….………
3. Define the following words using the above expressions.
1.Anthropology………………………………….…………………………….…………………………………………………
(The study of humans as viewed from biological, social, and cultural standpoints.
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2. Zoology…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………
( The scientific study of animals, be it mammals or reptiles.)
3. Psychology ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
( The study of the human mind and the reasons for human behaviour)
Complaining / Apologizing (p.85)
1. Read this exchange and answer the questions.
a. What did Barbara complain about? Barbara: I was waiting for you in the coffee shop
b. What was Tom’s excuse? but you didn’t come.
What expression did he use to apologize? Tom: I’m awfully sorry. I really forgot it.
c. Did Barbara accept Tom’s excuse? Barbara: Don’t worry about it.
What did she say? Tom: Another time perhaps.
2. Fill in the chart below.
1. It’s ok. 2. I do apologize 3. Sorry to say this, but …… 4. It’s not important
5. Sorry about that 6. Never mind! 7. I’ve been patient long enough, but ….. 8. I’m very sorry.
9. Don’t worry about it. 10. I’m not satisfied with the way you….. 11. I’m sorry about what happened.
12. It doesn’t matter at all 13. I didn’t mean to do it 14. I’m really ashamed of what I did.
15. It’s quite OK. 16. Let’s forget about it. 17. It could happen to anybody.
Accepting Apology Apologizing Complaining
.......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
…………………………………….. …………………………………….. ……………………………………..
3. Make complete sentences.
1. You didn’t mean it anyway. a. I apologize if
2. my rude remarks about your hair style. b. I’m afraid
3. what I said has caused you any offence. c. Never mind!
4. I’ve wasted your time. d. I’m sorry
5. but that was not intended. e. I must apologize for
a. Apologize to your partner because you damaged his/her I-pod.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Your partner forgot to bring you a book he/she borrowed from you.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c. You couldn’t go to your friend’s wedding ceremony.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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d. Your partner stepped on your foot.
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95)
Read and Learn Different but Equal (pp.86-87)
Because they come from different cultures, some tourists have some stereotypes about Moroccans and the
Moroccan way of living and thinking.
Evaluate and comment on the following examples.
Comment Impression
……………………………………………… a. Moroccans always hug and kiss each other on the cheeks when they
……………………………………………… meet.
……………………………………………… b. In Morocco, the larger a family is the better.
………………………………………………
c. Mothers have more power over the house and the children.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
d. Moroccans are outgoing.
……………………………………………… e. You shouldn't shake hands with a Moroccan woman unless she offers
……………………………………………… her hand first.
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……………………………………………… f. Moroccans have a preference for male children.
……………………………………………… g. Moroccans drink tea more than water.
……………………………………………… h. Moroccan families never serve food in separate plates.
………………………………………………
i. The whole family gathers around one plate.
Read the following extracts
B. Fill in the chart with the appropriate words. 1. Different But Equal
Adjectives Nouns verbs Understanding someone from another culture can be hard.
……………….. ………………. Differ We don't usually understand the way people from another
Equal ………………. ………………. culture behave because they are different, and therefore
………………. ………………. Understand perceive their behaviour as strange. We consequently
………………. ………………. Behave
develop negative stereotypes about their whole culture.
………………. culture *************
………………. perception ………………. Unfortunately, our judgements are often erroneous. So
………………. ………………. judge remember: 'Different' doesn't mean 'wrong'; we are all
separate ………………. ………………. different, but equal.
************ meeting ………………. 2. Just a Cultural Misunderstanding
Moroccans are perhaps the friendliest and most hospitable
C. Answer the following questions. people I've ever met. When you are in Morocco, everybody
1. What is the consequence of misunderstanding cultural wants to talk to you or to invite you for a meal. When you
differences? visit their homes, they insist on showing you the most
2. In your opinion, what does the writer mean by: " 'Different' cordial acts of generosity. But there is something I didn't
doesn't mean 'wrong'.
understand during my first trip form the USA to Morocco.
3. Why was Brad upset when the Moroccan friend says 'perhaps'?
Here's everything about it.
D. Find in the story of Brad phrases which support the
"The scene is in a café in Tangiers. Tomorrow is Saturday.
ideas below.
I've invited a Moroccan friend to a picnic at the beach. Will
1. In the beginning, Brad thought his Moroccan friend
he come? 'Perhaps', he says in English, translating from the
declined the invitation. (declined = didn't accept)
Arabic "InshAllah", which literally means 'if God is
………………………………………………………………
willing'. I'm feeling hurt. What does he mean by 'perhaps'?
2. Brad got angry because his Moroccan friend said
Either he wants to come or he doesn't. It's up to him. If he
'InshaAllah'
doesn't want to come, he only has to say so. He doesn't
………………………………………………………………
understand why I seem upset, and I don't quite grasp what
3. Later, Brad understood that his Moroccan friend was
he means by 'perhaps'. Our two cultures confront each other
really willing to go to the beach.
across the teacups.
……………………………………………………………….
Only several years later, reading a book about culture, did I
E. take notes from the story to complete the following
understand. He would come, he meant by ' InshAllah'. I
diagram:
realized, though late, that tolerance, generosity and
compliance with one's commitments are values deeply
rooted in the Moroccan culture.
………………. …………….
Brad Nelson
Vocabulary
Some cultural
A. Find opposites in the text.
values in Morocco …………
Similar ≠ ………………..……......……….
Easy ≠ …………………………………..
………………… …………….
Misunderstanding ≠ ……………….…..
……………………
normal ≠ …………………………..…….
Forget ≠……….………………………….
Mean ≠ …………………………..……..

95)
Read and Learn Stereotypes are Inaccurate (pp.86-87)
Reading 2
Still another source is the mass media: What is a Stereotype?
television, magazines, movies, and newspapers. A stereotype is a mental picture of what
Because time and space are valuable to the media, someone or something is like. This picture may be
they use shorthand way- the stereotype - to present completely wrong, but once it's fixed in a person's
people. In this way, the media help to form mind, it can be difficult to change. A mother's belief
55
stereotypes without even meaning to. Therefore, we that boys shouldn't do the laundry is a stereotype. So,
have to be careful when forming opinions based on is a father's view that only girls should take cooking
what the media presents. lessons.
Stereotyped thinking can lead to prejudice. People may be stereotyped according to their
This is an opinion or feeling that is not grounded on physical characteristics, such as age, race, or sex.
fact. Prejudice can be in favor of or against people. Have you ever heard the stereotypes that all Spaniards
Either way, it means that you are not treating someone have a siesta after lunch or that all Moroccans are
fairly. hospitable and generous? Sometimes stereotypes are
Prejudices lead to prejudices based on what people do: all football players are
Prejudice can lead to make mistakes. It can dumb; all primary school teachers are careful with
also lead you to more prejudices. Prejudiced and money.
stereotyped thinking is lazy thinking. Being Whatever the cause, stereotypes make us like
unprejudiced means asking questions, learning to rely or dislike people before we even know them.
more on what you see than on what you are told, and Stereotypes limit your chances of discovering and
making judgments on your own experiences. There experiencing things. They put people into different
may be groups of people about whom you have been groups without allowing you to find out if they really
told negative things. Try to meet some people in that belong to there. You may believe that someone who
group. Hold off making up your mind about them needs a wheelchair is sad all the time. That incorrect
until you have a chance to know them personally. Do belief can stop you from getting to know a classmate.
they sound the way you thought they would? Do they Where do Stereotypes Come From?
have the ideas you thought they had? Are they We are all exposed to stereotypes from many
different from you as you thought they were? Get to sources. Tradition is one source. The opinions you
know people as themselves, not as members of the hear from family and friends are another source.
group. Often, these views were handed down to them from
others.
A. Which one of the following issues is not referred to in the article:
1. a. Stereotyping according to age ………………………..………………………...……………………………………..
b. Stereotyping according to gender …………………………………….………………………………………………..
c. Stereotyping according to religion ……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. a. Stereotypes have no effect on our opinion ……………………………………………………….………….………….
b. If you are stereotyped, you miss the opportunity to discover and experience. …….…………………….……………
c. Categorizing people is an outcome of stereotyping…………………………….…………………….………………….
B. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the sources of stereotypes? ……………………...............................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.What is prejudice, according to the writer? ………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. In your opinion, how can we break down prejudice? …………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. What is the writer's intent( purpose) in the last paragraph?................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

GRAMMAR Phrasal Verbs (pp.88-89)
1. Read the paragraph and answer this question.
Did Jamal manage to get a visa to England? Why?
When Jamal went to Casablanca to apply for a visa to England, they turned him down. The reason was that he didn't meet their
requirements. More than that, he didn't fill in the application appropriately. He was so upset because he wanted to go to England to
find out about the English culture and pick up the English language easily. Now, he is looking forward to getting a visa to the USA
through the Green Card lottery.
2. Find in the paragraph verbs meaning the same as:
a. make a request for ……………..……………….. b. discover, learn about………………………………….
c. rejected his request…………………….……….. d. learn without difficulty………..…..…………………..
……………………….………………e. eagerly expecting or anticipating. ………….………………… f. complete
56
3. Replace the underlined words with the equivalent phrasal verb from the list below.
Hand out / put up with / write down / long for Eat out / jot down / dress up / hand in / look up
a. The teacher distributed to students an article contrasting Moroccan and British culture values. …………………..………………
b. When the students were reading the article, they wrote down key ideas in their notebooks. …………………………..………
c. As the article is rich in vocabulary, the teacher told the students to search for the meanings of difficult words in the dictionary.
………………………………………
d. In this article, students understood that people from both countries tolerate different religious practices. ………………….…………….
e. The article also shows that the way people wear clothes differs from one country to another. ……........................………….
f. English people prefer to eat in restaurants. ………........................……….
g. Some students were looking forward to the discussion to begin so as to participate with their ideas. ……………………….……….
h. When they finished the discussion, the teacher asked students to copy notes from the blackboard. …………………………..……
i. At the end of the session, he gave them homework to submit later. ………………………...……..
4. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the list: over -up -down -after - out - in - of - into
a. In France, you can't drop…………..….… to a friend's house unless you get his permission.
..………..………b. American people are very busy. Most of the time, they eat
c. If immigrants run…..………..…. an unfavorable environment in the host countries, they shouldn't put themselves in that position again.
d. I'm sorry I didn't know the local cultural festival has been cancelled. I didn't find………….……. Until a few days ago.
e. When our parents get old, we are ready to look………....…. Them.
f. If they don't cut………….….. on fast food, they will get even more obese.
g. Youths like to keep………..……..…… with the latest fashion.
h. English people prefer to hire a babysitter to bring …….......…. Their babies.
i. When my computer crashed, I lost many of my files. It's a good thing that a backed them…………………..
j. Oh, no! I forgot to save my report before I turned the computer off! Now I will have to do it ……………….
6. Choose the correct synonym of the underlined phrasal verb 5. Match the meaning on the right with the phrasal verbs on
in each statement below. the left.
A. Intolerance brings about dislike. a. look for 1. seek / search
 1.causes to be seen 2. causes to happen b. come across 2. establish
3. prevents from happening c. set up 3. reduce
B. When my father was abroad, he went through hard time d. bring up 4. continue
 1. experienced 2. traveled 3. did e. check in 5. leave ground
C. He didn't stay in a hotel. Some relatives put him up. f. pick up 6. collect
 1. helped 2. employed 3. accommodated g. take off( plane) 7. find by chance
D. They'll probably put off this year's spiritual music festival. h. cut down 8. educate a child
 1. arrange 2. postpone 3. schedule i. carry on 9. start a hobby or a leisure activity
E. let's check in at the hotel and go on a quick tour around the j. take up 10. register at a hotel or airport
town. 1. register 2. pay 3. stay
meanings phrasal verbs 7. Read the following sentences, then write down the phrasal verbs
corresponding to the meanings in the table.
a. not to return home. to stay out Examples
1.As Peter stayed out late, his father decided to lock him out and refused
b. to submit a paper, a document ………………. to let him in despite the mother's plea.
c. to leave ………………. 2. For security reasons, you should always log out when you finish
reading you emails.
d. to extinguish . ……………… 3. We filled in the application form and handed it in to the manager.
4. The firemen have at last managed to put out the fire.
e. to invite somebody ……………….. 5. The train was pulling out just as we got to the station; consequently,
we had to wait for the next train.
f. to leave somebody outside a building . ………………
6. Mary and her brother decided to take their mother out on Mother's
Day.
g. to allow somebody access to a . ………………
7. When I went to see my friend, she asked me in for a cup of coffee.
building
8. When Sarah heard the news of her father's death, she passed out.
h. to ask somebody to go out with you . ………………
so as to have fun together.

95)
Practise Writing A letter to a Pen-Pal (pp.90-91)
1. Do the following tasks to revise the language of informal letters
A. Which of the phrases would you find in an informal letter?
-Dear Bill, ………. - Dear Mr Anderson, ………… -Let me know as soon as… …………..
- Why don't you… …………… - Yours faithfully, …………. - Best wishes, ………….
- Take care ……………… - Bye for now ………… - I'll be very grateful if you… ………..
57
- I'd like to tell you about… ……….. - Unfortunately, your remarks were not relevant ……………..
- I was disappointed by the remarks you made. …………… -I am sorry to inform you that.. ……….
B. Match these phrases used in informal letters with their functions.
Function Phrases
 1 to apologize. a. Thanks for your letter.
 2. To thank the person for writing b. I'm really sorry…
 3. to express regard c. Please let me know…
 4. to finish the letter d. Have you ever heard about…?
 5. to change the subject e. By the way,…
 6. to ask a favour f. Why don't we…
 7. to suggest or invite g. I'd better get going.
h. Write soon.
 8. to ask for a response
i. Take care.
 9. to request some information
j. Could you do something for me?
 10. to share information
2. Put the parts of this informal letter where they belong in the framework below.
a. Life is very different in London. I don’t know if I’ll get used to living here. Would you believe that we have to
wear a uniform to go to school? It’s awful! A blue skirt and a white blouse, not to mention a pair of long white
socks. Besides, there is nothing to do in the evening. All the shops close by 4.30 p.m. and pubs are only open till
11 p.m.
b. Love
c. Dear Salma,
d. 15th April
e. Sana
f. That’s all for now. I must do my homework for tomorrow’s English class. The teacher wants us to write an
informal letter to a friend about eating manners in our country. Please write soon and tell me all the news. I miss
you so much.
g. Oh, how I missed being with you during the holidays this year! I’ve already made some very nice friends, but
don’t worry- no one could ever replace you as my best friend! Everything in England is completely opposite to
Morocco. But I’m so glad that my stay will only last until mid-August. Then I’ll come home, and I can spend
nice time together.
Date …………………….....
Greeting ………………………
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Body ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Final paragraph…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Closing …………………………………………
Signature …………………………………………

95)
Practise Writing A letter to a pen-pal (pp.90-91)
3. Here is a list of Indian manners. Have a look at them and comment.
Compare the listed Indian manners with the Moroccan ones. Are they similar or different?
58
 Do not sit until you are offered a seat. For Indians, good manners are the first mark of a person's
 Do not shout to be heard or laugh so loudly. good breeding. So, here are some simple guidelines to
 Keep your eyes down; do not keep gazing at follow when you are in India, otherwise you will be
people or things around in the house. regarded as rude and vulgar.
Table manners General manners
 Wash your hands before and after starting to eat.  If you are in a mixed group, always greet the
 Wait until everyone else is sitting down before elders and the women first. Stand up when an
starting to eat. elder or a guest enters the room.
 Preferably eat with your right hand.  Do not address elders and seniors by their names.
 You are not supposed to put your elbows on the Try to use 'Sir/Madam' for strangers and 'Uncle/
table while eating because it doesn't allow enough Aunt' for familiar people. For a stranger who is not
space for the person who is sitting next to you. old, it is better to suffix the name with 'ji' ,as a
 Ask for whatever you want instead of reaching out mark of respect.
directly or pointing at dishes.  Offer a glass of water or preferably a cup of tea to
 Do not make too much noise; do not talk with food anyone who steps into your home or office.
in your mouth.  Do not ask too many intimate questions the first
 Do not read while eating. time that you meet a person.
 Do not talk on your cell phone during the meal and  Do not comment on personal appearances or
if you must get up in-between, ask to be excused. clothes in a negative way; if you cannot say
 Help clear the dishes. something complimentary, do not say something at
all.
In Indian homes
Always take off your shoes/ sandals before entering a
room. At least, wait for your host to tell you that you
needn't bother.
1. An Indian friend of yours would like you to tell him/her about Moroccan manners. Try to provide
him/her with the most appropriate and necessary information. Compare your own manners with the
Indian manners listed above. You can stress differences and similarities.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
UNIT 7 CITIZENSHIP (pp.96-109)

1. Balancing Rights and Duties
Here is a list of citizens' rights and responsibilities. Put each item in the appropriate circle. If you can't decide on an item,
put it in the intersection.
59
Rights Responsibilities m. to believe in the human a. to have a job
dignity and equality b. to tell the truth
………. …………………. n. to be tolerant c. to be respected
o. to respect the rules and d. to do your personal best
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………. laws e. to respect others
……….. p. to have somewhere to live f. to earn your livelihood
……….. q. to volunteer in your g. to have access to leisure
……….. community service facilities
……… r. to respect the environment h. to be concerned for the
s. to have access to welfare common good
. t. to be safe i. to have a say in what
u. to have access to happens
education j. to respect the flag of your
v. to be free to move country
w. to pay taxes k. to be free to tell your
x. to vote opinion
l. to participate in
community activities
2. Read the definitions and explanations and find out the corresponding word or words.
Example: something you are allowed or permitted: right
A. giving up your free time ……. ………………
B. something you give up to help others ………. …………….
C. an organization that doesn't work for the government ………. …………….
D. attempting to influence public officials to take a desired action ………. …………….
E. the control of what can be said, written or published ………. …………….
F. organization set up to provide help or assistance to those in need ………. …………….
G. term used to refer to a group of people sharing certain values or having certain conditions in common …………. …………..
H. the process by which business, politics and culture operate on a world scale …… ………………..
I. rights and freedoms to which every human being is entitled ……… ………………
J. an organization that works for improving the conditions of employment ……………….. ……..
K. obligations or matters over which a person is considered to have a legal or moral duty. ………….. …………..
L. claims, privileges or entitlements, normally protected by law ………. …….…………
M. a native born or someone who has been naturalized in a particular state or nation . ………………………
3. Check your answers with these words or expressions. 1.Charity / 2. sacrifice / 3. lobbying / 4. censorship /5. NGO /
6. community /7. globalization / 8. human rights / 9. trade union /10. responsibilities /11. citizen /12. volunteering / 13. rights
4. Write in front of each sentence the number of the appropriate meaning.
1. responsibility( noun)= duty that you have because of 1. right (adj) = correct ( right # wrong)
your job, position or situation. 2. right (noun) = one of two opposites( right # left)
2. responsibility (noun) = if you accept responsibility for 3. right (noun) = What we are morally or legally entitled to
something, you agree that you caused it. do or to have. ( right # responsibility)
a. The businessman admitted his responsibility in the a. All people have the right to free speech ………
degradation of the environment. ……….. b. All my answers in the exam were right……….
b. One of our responsibilities as citizens is to preserve our c. If you agree, raise your right hand. …………...
environment. …………….
1. citizenship ( noun) = The legal right to belong to a 1. tolerant (adj) = The quality of allowing people to say
particular country. and do as they like. (tolerant # intolerant)
2. citizenship (noun) = The fact of belonging to a 2. tolerant (adj) = the quality of being able to bear
community and the duties and responsibilities that this conditions or treatment without being damaged.
brings. a. Global citizenship requires people to be tolerant of
a. You can apply for Italian citizenship only if you live in different cultures and attitudes…………
the country for 10 years. …..…. b. The imported brand of trees was not tolerant of the new
b. Students are introduced to citizenship education from an climate. ……………
early age. ……….

5. Match the words or expressions with their definitions.
60
a. a plan, method or action taken to win an election or reach a goal ………. 1. delegate
b. a group of elected people who make city laws ………. 2. common good
c. what is best for the entire community ………. 3. treaty
d. agreement reached after everyone involved accepts less than what they want ………. 4. city council
at first. 5. campaign
……….
e. person chosen to act for or represent others. ……….
6. compromise
f. form of government in which political control is exercised by the people, 7. democracy
either directly, or indirectly through their elected representatives. 8. polling place
g. form of government in which power is divided between a central ………. 9. federalism
government and subdivisions such as state and local governments 10. mayor
h. official elected or appointed to be the chief executive of a city or town. ……….
d. place where people vote. ……….
e. formal written agreement between two or more countries. ……….
6. Learn about these idiomatic expressions.

A. Right as rain: If things are right as rain, a. it suits you perfectly.
B. Right royal night: A right royal night b. it is ideal for you.
C. Right up my alley: if something is right up your alley, c. then everything is going well for you.
D. Right up your street: If something is right up you street, d. is an extremely exciting, memorable and funny one.
7. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate statements.

a. The government is viewed as being an instrument of the nation, not a means of control.
b. People share a common identity as fellow citizen, which is based upon trust.
c. People expect the political system to meet their present and future needs.
The key political feelings:
1. A sense of community: ………………………. Democracy requires the confidence in one another and the mutual
respect which makes debate natural and violence unacceptable.
2. Faith in the system: People base their patriotism on political fairness. ……………………………………………
3. Moderate hope for the future………………………………….. ; not all at once, but with reasonable speed and
effectiveness.
8. Are you a good citizen? Decide whether the following statements are true or not for you. Be
sincere as possible.
No Yes
a. take responsibility for what goes on in our neighbourhood.
b. I participate in community service.
c. I help in taking care of the environment.
d. I obey the law.
d. I respect other people's opinions even if they are totally different from mine.
e. I help make our democracy work by voicing my opinion.
g. I belong to an association or development club.
h. I do voluntary work.

Listen and Speak Express Advice (p.101)
1. Study the following sentences and underline expressions to ask or give advice.
 I've got a bad toothache. What do you think I should do? ………………......................................................
61
 What do you advise me to do? ………………......................................................
 What should I do? ………………......................................................
 What ought I to do? ………………......................................................
 What's your advice? ………………......................................................
 If you were me, what would you do? ………………......................................................
 If I were you, I would go to the dentist. ………………......................................................

 Why don't you go to the dentist? ………………......................................................
 You'd better brush your teeth regularly. ………………......................................................
 You ought to/should avoid eating sweets. ………………......................................................
 If you take my advice, you'll go to the dentist. ………………......................................................
 I advise you to brush your teeth on a regular basis. ………………......................................................
2. Tick the appropriate column.

How to decline advice How to give positive advice
Well, why don't you…..?
I'm afraid I can't help you, I've….
I wish I could suggest something, but I can't.
I don't know what to advise, I'm afraid.
Perhaps you should….
Well, it might be a good idea to…
I think you really should / ought to..
Well, if I were you, I'd ….
I'd advise you to….
3. Fill in the blanks with the right expressions.
Reject advice Accept advice 1. That's a really fantastic idea.
……………………………… ……………………………… 2. I couldn't possibly do that.
……………………………… ……………………………… 3. Yes, you're quite right, I should.
……………………………… ……………………………… 4. I'm not sure that's a nice idea.
4. Respond appropriately to the following, using the phrases in the grid.

1. I'm not feeling well.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………
2. I haven't got enough money this month.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..….
3. I'm sitting for my driving test tomorrow.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….…….
4. I'm losing sleep over the next exam.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………..
5. Look at the following sentences and write one or two sentences of advice.
1. A classmate wants to learn English as quickly as possible, but needs advice about what to do to be most effective.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…………
………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….
2. An English-speaking friend wants to become a world champion athlete.
………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………..…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Read and Learn Active Citizenship (pp.102-103)
1. What does “citizenship” mean for you?
2. Students from different nationalities were asked to define citizenship. The following statements
are some of their replies.
62
C. Citizenship means being a member of B. Citizenship refers to the A. Citizenship is a quality, through
and supporting one’s community and relationship between the which a person can contribute to
country. Voting, conserving natural individual and the state, and the progress and development of
resources, participating in local more among individuals the society from where he receives
community projects are all part of within a state. nourishment for his body and soul.
citizenship. (Mononye, Sudan) ( Balasubra, India)
( kane, USA)
3. Skim the following text and take notes to fill in the chart.
Situation in the village after the school was built Situation in the village before the school was built
……………………………………………………. …………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………. …………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………. …………………………………………………….
A good illustration of citizenship in action can be found in a small village, about an hour’s journey from Fez in the
Middle Atlas region of Morocco.
Prior to 2001, the majority of the children in that village had never seen a school, much less attended one. At a very
young age, most of them went to work in the countryside, tending fields or herding goats. Those who were lucky enough to
attend classes were forced to walk several miles over rough roads to the nearest school. In this drought-stricken region, water
was often rationed; keeping the people supplied with sufficient water meant endless treks down the hill to the village well on
donkeys.
When the Medersat.com foundation decided to build a school there, the community donated the land and provided
much of the labour for construction. In keeping with Medersat.com’s philosophy, the school was situated in the physical
centre of the community with the aim of making it a key driver in local development. The architectural style and building
materials reflected local traditions. What emerged was a complex of buildings that features domes and graceful arches,
punctuated by paved courtyards open to the sky.
A reliable water supply was provided with the assistance of a foundation partner, the Drinking Water Utility
(ONEP). When the doors of the school finally opened in 2001, one of the school’s two teachers, Abdesselam, had to show
the children how to operate the taps; without running water in their village, they had never used a water tap.
Soon after the school opened, a representative of the foundation met the villagers and reflected on the nature of the
partnership that Medersat.com has struck with rural communities across Morocco. “We’ll finish the work and give you the
keys, because these are your walls, your land, and your children,” she told the assembled citizens of the village.
Adapted from: http:/www.synergos.org/ (March 2007)
4. Find in the text words or expressions that mean the same as:
a. caring for, attending or looking after: …………………..….
b. severely affected by a shortage of rain: …………………….
c. hard journey: …………………………………….
5. Answer these questions about the text.
a. Why was water rationed in the village?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. Who contributed in the building of the school? How?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. When were children able to attend the new school?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d. What was Medersat.com philosophy about building schools?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Look at these pairs of sentences from the text and distinguish the ‘cause’ from the ‘consequence’ within each pair.
Cause or Consequence? Sentences
……………..………………….. The majority of the children in that village had never seen a school.
…………………..…………….. At a very young age, most of them went to work in the countryside.
…………………………………. The teachers had to show the children how to operate the taps…
…………………………………. They had never used a water tap.

GRAMMAR The Reported Speech (pp.104-105
He asks if I can do it
2. Now read and notice how the above sentences are reported 1. Read the following sentences, then classify them in the chart
a. The teacher always states that citizenship includes civic virtues below.
and duties.. a. "Citizenship includes civic virtues and duties," the teacher
63
b. My mother often reminds me to always express my gratitude. always states.
c. Brahim wonders if civility is similar to politeness. b. "Always express your gratitude," my mother often reminds me.
d. Some students ask their teacher what fairness is. c. "Is civility similar to politeness?" Brahim asks the teacher.
e. Brahim asks the teacher how he/ she defines a good citizen. d. "What is fairness?", some students ask.
NB…………………………………………………………….….. e. "How do you define a good citizen?" Brahim asks the teacher.
…………………………………………………………….……….. Questions Commands Statements
…………………………………………………………….………. ………………… ………………… …………………
…………………………………………………………….………. ………………… ………………… …………………
…………………………………………………………….………. ………………… ………………… …………………
…………………………………………………………….……….
3. Report the following sentences as indicated.

a."Responsibility means being in charge of our choices and our lives."
The quote states……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. "What does fairness involve?"
Students ask their teacher…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c."Fairness involves issues of quality and impartiality."
The teacher replies ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. "Never judge others without prior knowledge. Judge them only on their character, abilities and conduct".
He always warns them…………………………………., and……………………………………………………………………………
e."Did you watch yesterday's show about citizenship?"
My friend wants to know ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. Now complete this table with changes from 4. Read the excerpt from Kofi Annan's speech and do the tasks below.
direct to indirect speech. "Leadership is needed more than it was 60 years ago. In these days, the
Indirect Direct Reporting security of every one of us is linked to that of everyone else. Global solidarity is
speech speech verbs both necessary and possible. Powerful states have a special responsibility to take
was is said account of global views and interests. We can only do all these things by working
………… have ……………… together… We have achieved much since 1945, but much remains to be done
……..…… have achieved ……………… tomorrow." http://www.un.org/news/ossg/sg/stories/statments_full.asp?
…….……. can ……………… statlD=40 (March 13 th
,2007)
…………. remains ……………… a. A spokesperson of the United Nation has reported Kofi Annan's
…..……… tomorrow ……………… speech. Study and notice the changes.
………….. these ……………… Kofi Annan said that leadership was needed more than it had been 60
…………. ago ……………… years before. He added that in those days, the security of every one of us was
linked to that of everyone else. He stated that global solidarity was both necessary
and possible. He also stressed that powerful states had a special responsibility to
take account of global views and interests. He insisted that they could only do all
these things by working together… Finally, he declared that they had achieved
much since 1945, but much remained to be done the day after.
Modals Changes in tenses
Will → would Simple Present → Simple past
………………………………………………. “I live in Paris.” Leila said ………………………………………..
………………………………………………. Present Continuous → past Continuous
Can → could “I’m not feeling well.” He told me that …………………..…………….
……………………………………………… Present perfect → Past Perfect
………………………………………………. “I’ve never been there.” He said he ………………………………….
May → might Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
……………………………………………… “She has been working.” He said she ………………………………..
………………………………………………. Past Simple → Past Perfect
Must → had to “I saw my mother.” He said …………………….……………..
………………………………………………. Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
………………………………………………. “I was reading a book.” He said he………………………………
Needn’t → didn’t need Future Simple → Conditional “would +verb”
......................................................................... “There will be a problem” She said there ………………………….
……………………………………………….

GRAMMAR The Reported Speech (pp.104-105
9) Isabella and Ella: "We love our pets." 5. CHANGING THE PRONOUNS
Isabella and Ella told me (that) …….… loved ……..….. pets. 1) Jacob:"I work in an office."
10) Grandmother: "Please bring me a cup of my tea. Jacob told me (that) ………….…. worked in an office.
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"Grandmother told me to bring ……….. a cup of ……….. tea. 2) Ryan and Lucas:"We play football."
6. IMPERATIVES/ COMMANDS Ryan and Lucas told me (that) …………..…. played
1) Andrew: "Clean the blue bike!" football.
Andrew told me …………………………………………… 3) Victoria:"I like my cat."
2) Karen: "Don't play football in the garden!" Victoria told me (that) ………..… liked ……….. cat.
Karen told me ……………………………………………… 4) Henry:"Can you see me?
3) Teacher: "Don't forget your homework!" "Henry asked me if ………….. could see ……………..
The teacher reminded me ……………………………… 5) Julian:"I will have to borrow your pencil."
4) Anna: "Open the window!" Julian told me (that) ………….….. would have to
Anna told me …………………………………………… borrow ………….... pencil.
5) Teacher: "Do your homework!" 6) Melanie:"My father is Jamaican."
The teacher told me ………………………………………… Melanie told me (that) …..….. father is Jamaican.
6) Jane: "Don't watch the new film!" 7) Emma and Doris:"Can we lend your rackets?"
Jane advised me ………………….………………………… Emma and Doris asked me if ……………… could lend
NB……………………………………………………………. ……………… rackets.
………………………………………………………………… 8) Leah:"How is your journey."
Leah asked me how ……….….. journey was.
7. Change the following sentences into reported speech.
a. "Fill in this application form to become a member."
> A member of the association told the volunteer……………………………………………………………….……………
b. "How can I help in sensitizing people to become good citizens?"
> The volunteer wanted to know……………………………………………………………..……………..……………………
c. "Don't underestimate voluntary work!"
> He advised the audience…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
d. "A lot of people participated in the campaign."
> He reported……………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………
e. "I will participate in a conference on citizenship."
> Leila told Betty……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
f. "Are you invited there?"
> Betty asked Leila……………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
g. "How long are you going to stay there?"
> She asked her……………………………………………………………………………………………………....………….
h. "Please, bring me a copy of the annual report."
> She begged her……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………………..
i. "I'll buy you a new scooter if your school results are better."
> The father told his son………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………
j. "I can't remember how much I paid for this computer."
> Asmae told me ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
k. «Where have you been? We've been looking for you for hours."
> My friend asked me……………………………………..…………..and said………………………………..……………..
l . "I met Sally at the super-market this morning."
> Peter said ………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………
4. Report the following sentences using one of the reporting verbs from the list below.
Suggest/ admit/ promise/ threaten / complain
1. "Why don't you think of finding another job?"
> Bob's friend ………………………………………….…
2. " I'll take you out for dinner if you behave yourselves."
> The children's mother……………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………..
3. "Our next door neighbours are always having parties."
> Susan's colleague…………………………………………………….………………………………………………………….....………..
4. " If you don't stop this noise, I'll call the police."
> The neighbour ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..….……………………
5. "Well, to tell you the truth it was my fault." >Adam……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………....…………

Practise Writing Application Form (pp.106-107)
1. Read the following advertisement and answer the questions.
a. What is UNESCO organizing? Have you got talents, skills or experience that you would like to share
with people world-wide?
Would you like to contribute to global welfare?
65
b. How can you participate in the Here is the chance you’ve been waiting for.
program? UNESCO is launching a volunteer program for global citizenship.
Join our efforts to build a better world!
Interested? Fill in the Application form below and email it to
unesco.org
ACT NOW. NO TIME TO WASTE!
2. Read through the whole application form, then fill it in carefully.
Volunteer Application For Global Citizenship Program
Instruction: Mark “X” in the appropriate boxes. For other items, either print or type responses.
4. Email Address: 3. Phone Number: 2. Age: 1. Name: (First, last)
…………………...……………… ………………….………………. ……………. ……………………………….
6. Country, City, Zip code 5. Address:
…………………………………………….. …………….………………………………………………...........................
Others (please specify) 7. What skills or qualifications would you like to use in your voluntary work?
………………………………… Computer programming □ Gardening □ Photography □
………………………………… Sign language □ Clerical or office work □
………………………………… Fist Aid □ Public Speaking □ Cooking □
8. Which general volunteer work categories are you most interested in?
Research □ Media □ Literacy □ Archaeology □ Construction Work □
Carpentry □ Electrical Maintenance □ Medical care □ Mechanical Maintenance □
9. Based on previous responses, what type of volunteer work would you like to do?
(Please, describe any previous experience, personal skills or education that would be beneficial for your voluntary work.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Have you volunteered before? YES □ NO□ If yes, describe your volunteer experience.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. What are some of your objectives for working as a volunteer?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Which months would you be available for voluntary work?
January □ February □ March □ April □ May □ June □
July □ August □ September □ October □ November □ December □
Date: ………………………………………………….…….. 13. Signature: ……………………..……………………..

Practise Writing Curriculum Vitae(CV) (pp.106-107)
A CV is a detailed summary of your skills, experience and education. It includes a summary of
you educational and academic backgrounds as well as teaching and research experience, presentations,
awards, honours and other details. A CV is used when applying for jobs, positions, fellowships,
scholarships or grants. Include in your CV: Contact information, personal information, employment
history, education, professional qualifications, awards, interests, professional memberships…
66
Use this form to write your CV.
CONTACT INFORMATION
Name: ……………………….……………………….. Your
Address: ………………………..……………………..
Telephone: …………………………………………… photo
Cell phone: ……………………………………………
Email: ………………………………………………… here
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: ………………………………………….
Place of Birth: …………………………………………
Sex: ……………………………………………………
Marital Status: …………………………………………
EDUCATION
( Include dates, and details of degrees, training and certification)
(Example: Sep 2005 → Present, AlWard High School, 2nd Year Baccalaureate, Science/ Humanities Stream.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
(List in chronological order, include position details and dates.)
(July 2010 → 2012, STD Corporation LTD, Software installer)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
(List your qualifications and accreditations)
(Example: National Computer Lever 3rd Certificate, Network Communication.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
AWARDS AND PRIZES
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
INTERESTS AND HOBBIES
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 8 INTETRNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS (pp.110-125)

Expand Your Vocabulary (pp111-112)
1. What do the acronyms below stand for?
a. UN: The United Nations
b. UNESCO: ………………………………………………………………………………….………………….……….........
c. UNICEF: …………………………………………………………………………..……….………………….……….........
d. UNHCR: …………………………………………………………………………………….………………….……….........
e. WHO: ……………………………………………………………………………………….………………….……….........
f. FAO: ……………………………………………………………………….……………….………………….……….........
g. ICRC: ……………………………………………………………………………………….………………….……….........
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2. Match the international organizations with their field of action.
Concern Organisation
1. Fighting epidemics around the world a. OXFAM
2. providing medical care during disasters b. Amnesty International
3. eliminating poverty and famine c. UNHCR
4. Safeguarding human rights d. World Trade Organisation
5. regulating business exchange in the world e. The World Health Organisation
6. Caring for refugees f. Doctors Without Frontiers
3. These terms belong to the jargon of the international organisations. Put them in the appropriate column.
1. Charter/ 2. general assembly/ 3. resolution/ 4. spokesperson/ 5. report/ 6. deputy/
7. declaration/ 8. diplomat/ 9. headquarters/ 10. Congress/ 11. court/ 12. vice president/
13. constitution/ 14. council/ 15. commissioner/ 16. ambassador/ 17. secretary general
Establishments Documents Officials
……………………………………… …………………………………………... …………………………………………...
……………………………………… …………………………………………... …………………………………………...
……………………………………… …………………………………………... …………………………………………...
……………………………………… …………………………………………... …………………………………………...
4. Match these words with their definitions.
Words Definitions
a. Charter ……….. 1. management of relations between countries
b. court ………. 2. measures taken by the United Nations to force a state to conform to an international
agreement or resolution
c. sanctions ………. 3. a body of people who look into and resolve conflicts between people, organizations or
countries
d. diplomacy ………. 4. written statement of the main functions and principles of an organization
e. bilateral ………. 5. disrespect, disobedience or refusal to comply with a law
f. violation ………. 6. involving or relating to two countries
5. Fill in the blanks with words in task 4.
The United Nations (UN) was established in the 40s to maintain international peace and security.
According to its ……………..…………., member states are supposed to refrain from use of force against other
member states. This document also calls on countries to settle ……..…………………… disputes by peaceful means.
That is to say, international discords should be solved by diplomacy and negotiations. Any ………………..…..……..
of this principle can result in severe economic and political …………………… The UN has a ……………………..
in the Hague (Holland) whose function is to look into conflicts between countries.
6. Complete the paragraph with words from the list.
Headquarters / campaigns / lobbying / network / donations / founded
Amnesty International (AI) is an independent pressure group. It ……………….……. for the release of
imprisoned or maltreated people because of their political or religious beliefs. The movement was …………………..
…….... in 1961 and has its ………………………….. in London. Amnesty International has a ………………..
………..of voluntary local groups and individual members throughout the world. To keep its independence from
governmental influence, AI is financed by …………….…………. And benevolent contributions. AI's activities
include campaigning and ………………….………….. for political and religious freedom.
7. What international organisations are we talking about?

a. ……………….….. Set up in Fez in 1979 with the objective to strengthen and promote cooperation among Islamic countries.
b. …………….…….. Established on 7 April, 1948. Its objective is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of
health.
c. ………………….……Created in December 1946 by the United Nations to look after the needs of children and mothers in
developing countries around the world.
d. ………….………… Founded in 1945 with the aim to fight against hunger. It helps developing countries and countries in
68
transition modernize agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices and ensure good nutrition for all.
e. ………………….. Founded in 1863. It is an independent and neutral organization ensuring humanitarian protection and
assistance of victims of war and armed violence.
8. Find words in column A which collocate with words in column B.

B A
a. conference ………… 1. General
b. organizations ………… 2. Humanitarian
c. aid ………… 3. Voluntary
d. states ………… 4. civil
e. work ………… 5. member
f. talks ………… 6. non-governmental
g. society ………… 7. peace
h. assembly ………… 8. press
9. Write the words being defined in the space provided.

1. headquarters / 2. donations / 3. veto / 3. resolution / 4. negotiations / 5. press release
a. ………………..……………are formal discussions between people who have different aims or intentions, especially in
business or politics, during which they try to reach an agreement.
b. ………….………….………………. refer to money or other things given to a charity or an organization.
c. A…… ………………………. is a written statement about a matter of public interest which is given to the press by an
organization concerned with the matter.
d. …………..…………..…………. is the right that someone in authority has to forbid something.
e. …………………..…………………… is the principal office of an organization.
f. A ……………………….…………. is a formal agreement or decision taken at a meeting by means of vote.
10. Fill in the blanks with words in the list below.

1. spokesman / 2. scheme / 3. implement / 4. sponsorship / 5. charitable / 6. deputies / 7. partner
The United nations has received letters of support for its …………….……… to reduce poverty in the world. Most
…………….. have expressed their will to cooperate either with moral support or financial ……………….. The United
nations ……………………… stressed the important role of …………………….. organizations, such as UNICEF and
UNESCO, as well as other ………………………….civil associations. The UN Secretary General urged rich countries to
offer donations and send staff to help …………………………… the scheme.
11. Put the verbs back where they belong in the passage. Pay attention to tense.
1. suggest 2. express 3. warn 4. urge
Participants in the climate change forum last March …………….……… their pessimism about the future of
Earth. They ……………..……. that if pollution continued to increase, life on Earth would cease. They
…………..…………. industrialized countries to save the planet. They also ……………… to set up a fund for
the preservation of the environment.

Listen and Speak Good News! Bad News! (p.115)
1. Read the following exchanges and answer the questions below.
a. How did the father respond to the Son: Did you hear that? A new civil war has broken in central Africa.
first pieces of news? Father: My goodness! I hope it won’t last for long.
b. How did he react to the second one? Son: But, the UN will send soldiers to establish order there.
c. What expressions did he use in both Father: Great! They’ll surely calm down things there.
cases?
2. Fill in the chart from the list as suggested below.
1. Sorry to hear that / 2. Sounds great! / 3. Superb! / 4. Great news! 5. Are you kidding! / 6. I can’t believe it!
7. Really? / 8. How come? / 9. Impossible / 10. Extraordinary / Hard luck!
Responding to bad news Responding to good news
69
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
3. Decide whether these people are responding to good or bad news.
Bad news Good news Responses
…………………………… …………………………… 1. Super! When did that happen?
…………………………… …………………………… 2. Dear me! Is it true?
…………………………… …………………………… 3. You managed to make it? Incredible!
…………………………… …………………………… 4. My goodness! Did she get hurt?
…………………………… ……………………………
5. I can’t believe my ears! One million dollars?
Here are more expressions about how to respond to news:
Responding to good news:
1. Wow! That sounds exciting! 2. That’s great! 3. How fantastic ! 4. That sounds like great news!
5. What fantastic good / great / brilliant / wonderful / splendid news!
6. That's good / brilliant / great / wonderful / splendid news! 7. Congratulations!
8. That’s wonderful / fantastic! / 9. I’m glad / happy to hear that! 10. Lucky you!
11. Oh, how wonderful! 12. I can’t believe that!
Responding to bad news
1. I’m awfully sorry that… 2. I’m sorry to hear that.... 3. I’m sorry to hear such terrible news
4. I can’t believe it! 5. Poor you! 6. I do sympathize with you.
7. Please, accept my deepest sympathy. 8. I know how you must be feeling.
9. That must be awful 10. Oh, dear! 11. That’s awful / a pity / unfortunate.
4. Complete these exchanges, using appropriate expressions.
a. Jim: By the way, have you heard of yesterday’s plane crash?
Rachel: ……………………………. How many casualties were there?
Jim: Fortunately, no one was killed.
Rachel: ………………………………………
b. Brian: The UN troops have managed to restore peace and order in Uganda!
Sandra: …………………………………………………..
Brian: But the cost was a bit high. Several civilian were killed.
Sandra: …………………………………………………..
5. Use appropriate expressions to respond to these news items.
a. The United Nations’ plan to stop war in Nicaragua has failed.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
b. UNICEF has agreed to finance some literacy projects in Morocco.
………………………………………………………………………………………
c. The peace process in the Middle East has stopped.
………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Amnesty International appreciated Morocco’s autonomy scheme in the Sahara.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
e. Last Security Council’s report says some countries are unwilling to stop their nuclear programs.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
f. WHO has announced that no vaccination against avian flu is available for the time being.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

GRAMMAR Link your sentences (pp.118-119)
Read the following table and do the tasks below.
When to use them Linking words
To add information or ideas or emphasize a And, also, as well as, moreover, further, in addition, additionally,
statement next, secondly, thirdly
To make comparison Similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally
To make concession Although, however, yet, but, despite
To show contrast Whereas, in contrast, while, conversely
To explain reason For this reason, to this end, for this purpose, because, since, so that
To explain results As, as a consequence, as a result, hence
To give examples For example, for instance, in other words, such as
70
To draw conclusions As had been noted, finally, in brief, in short, to summarize,
consequently, therefore, in conclusion, so, in other words,
accordingly
1. accordingly: so He was very persuasive; accordingly, I did what he asked.
2. also: in addition She is my neighbour; she is also my best friend.
3. besides: in addition I like the job. Besides, I need the money.
4. consequently: so She had a fever; consequently, she stayed at home.
5.furthermore: in addition You should stop smoking. Furthermore, you should do it at once!
6.hence: for that reason He is a good friend. Hence, I was not embarrassed to ask him for help.
7.however: but We wanted to arrive on time; however, we were delayed by traffic.
8. likewise: in addition The region is beautiful. Likewise, the climate is excellent.
9. moreover: in addition She is very intelligent; moreover, she is very ambitious.
10. nevertheless: but They are proud. Nevertheless, I like them.
11. nonetheless: but The ascent
was dangerous. Nonetheless, he decided to attempt it.
12. otherwise: if not, or else We should consult them; otherwise, they may be upset.
13. still: but It is a long way to the beach. Still, it is a fine day to go swimming.
14. then: 1. next, afterwards We went shopping, then we had lunch.
2. so If you are sure, then I must believe you.
15. therefore: for that reason I was nervous; therefore, I could not do my best.
16. thus: so, in this way He traveled as quickly as possible. Thus, he reached Boston the next day.
1. Read the paragraph and match the underlined words( a-f ) with the titles (1-6).
WHO
1. explaining a. as a result When the diplomats met to form the United Nations in 1945, one of the
2. cause b. also things they discussed was the setting of a global health organization. As a
3. summarizing c. such as result, World Health Organization was set up on 7th April 1948 - a date we
4. consequence d. since now celebrate every year as World Health Day. WHO is responsible for
5. addition e. in brief providing leadership on global health matters. It also accounts for shaping the
6. giving f. that is to say health research agenda such as setting norms and standards, providing
examples technical support to countries, monitoring and assessing health trends. Since
health is a shared responsibility, WHO's job is to provide equitable access to
essential care and collective defense against transitional threats. In brief,
WHO's greatest concern must always rest with disadvantages and vulnerable
groups; that is to say, the groups who often live in remote areas or shanty
towns and have little political voice. Adapted from: www.who.int(May, 200)
2. Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks.
1. Zahra got an award from the UNESCO…………………. She was the first to fight illiteracy in her village.
( even though because but )
2. ………………………………. The school is far away, Zahra attends all afternoon classes.
( Despite although Because )
3. She gets higher marks …………………………..studying in difficult conditions.
( although despite however )
4. Her parents were illiterate. ………………., they didn't send her to school when she was young.
( if since consequently )
5. UNESCO works to promote different fields of interest……………….. education, science and culture.
( likewise example such as )

GRAMMAR Link your sentences (pp.118-119
3. Rewrite the sentences, using the words between brackets.
1. Jamal is illiterate. He is a member in different human rights organizations. (despite)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. He is respected by all his neighbours. They choose him as their spokesman. ( because )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Many organizations denounce human right violations. There are still many victims. ( although)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
71
4. Some people aren't volunteers in any NGOs. They help people solve problems. (However)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Governmental organizations receive financial support from the government. NGOs rely on benevolent donations.
(whereas)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Fill in the blanks with one of the words from the list:
In any case, as far as, nevertheless, since, even if, on the one hand……. on the other hand, so:
1. ……………….……….food is concerned, I like spaghetti very much.
2. He is late but…….……………..it doesn’t matter.
3. ……………………….….she is tired, she’ll come.
4. …………………...you feel tired, you should have a rest.
5. She caught a cold, ………………she could not come to the party.
6. They work very hard;…………….., they don’t earn much money.
7. ……….……………, this colour TV is of high quality, but………………..……it costs more than I wish to pay.
Cause and Effect Linking Words
Here are some common conjunctions that can be used to express cause and effect:
For causes: because, due to, one cause is, another is, since
For Effects: consequently, as a result, thus, resulted in, one result is, another is, therefore
Sally closed the window because the weather outside was cold.
Because the weather outside was cold, Sally closed the window.
The weather was cold; therefore, Sally closed the window. / The weather was cold. For this reason, Sally put on her coat.
The weather was cold. Consequently, Sally put on her scarf.
6. Complete the sentences with: although / in spite of / because / because of.
1. .......................................... it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2............................................all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I couldn't get to sleep ……………………. the noise
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I went home early ……………. …………I was feeling unwell.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. I went to work the next day ………………………..I was still feeling unwell.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She only accepted the job ………………….. the salary, which was very high.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. She accepted the job …………………….. the salary, which was rather low.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I managed to get to sleep …………………….. there was a lot of noise.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ………….…….we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Practise Writing Application Letter (pp.120-121)
1. The application below doesn’t respect the layout of a formal letter. Find out the mistakes.
Nourdine Lamrabate
16-Rue Anassre
Khouribga-2500 March 22 nd
FREE INITIATIVE ASSOCIATION
Boulevard des FAR
N°14
Khouribga-2500
Dear Amrani,
I am pleased to submit my letter of interest to participate in your neighborhood redevelopment project.
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Since your association launched its advertising campaign, I have been enthusiastic to help keep our district clean
and peaceful. Such a goal can only be achieved by taking action. And that is what your project is
all about: Community action.
Over the last few years, I have volunteered in many similar projects and campaigns. I have accordingly acquired
a great deal of expertise. I also possess a couple of personal qualifications and interests which would make me
eligible to take part in your project. I enclose herein a copy of my CV for reference.
Looking forward to receiving your approval candidature.
Yours,
Nourdine
2. Now, write your own application to FREE INITIATIVE ASSOCIATION to volunteer in its
project. Here are some guidelines to follow.
a. Respect the formalities of an application.
b. Express your interest to participate in the project.
c. Talk about your personal qualifications.
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UNIT 9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (pp.126-139)

1. Match each word or phrase with the appropriate definition.
1. scientific discipline 2. information technology 3. Science 4. computer age
5. scientific or technological advances 6. computer addiction 7. technology
a……………………….1. The application of science, especially to industrial or commercial objectives.
2. The scientific method and material used to achieve a commercial or industrial
objective
b. … …………………..1.The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and
explanation of phenomena.
2. Knowledge, especially gained through experience.
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c. ……..…….………… A particular branch of scientific knowledge such as social science, natural science,
mathematics, ...
d.. ……………………….The current era as characterized by the use of computer technology
e..…………..…………...An obsessive addiction to computer use sometimes known as Dependency.
f..……………………….The development, installation, and implementation of computer systems and
applications.
2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate.

1. scientific experiments 2. Information technology 3. technological advances
4. Space technology 5. Technological tools 6. computer addiction.
a. Spending too much time in front of the computer can lead to…………….…………………………
b. There have been enormous scientific and ………………………..………………… in the last decade"
c. ……………………………………………,such as the computer, robot, telescopes, space crafts, nuclear energy
and satellite, have changed our life styles."
d ………………………….……………can be a valuable means of development.
e. …………………………..……..is related to entering space, maintaining and using systems during flights and
returning people and things from space.
f. More sophisticated technologies are necessary for…………………………………………
3. For each of the questions choose the one correct answer.

Science and Invention
1. When I grow up I want to be an ……………………………. and make a time machine to visit the future.
a. inventor b. invention c. invent d. inventive
2. Christopher Columbus …………………………….. the Americas by accident.
a. invented b. revealed c. found out d. discovered
3. Marie Curie was a ……………………………………… famous for her work with radioactivity.
a. scientist b. seintist c. sceintist d. scentist
4. Which is the odd one out?
a. Psychiatrist b. Psychologist c. Physiotherapist d. Psychoanalyst
5. Which of the following is NOT a measurement of temperature?
a. Celsius b. Fahrenheit c. Watt d. Centigrade
6. What does I.T. stand for?
a. Interesting Teacher b. Information Technology
c. Intellectual Technology d. Informative Tutorial
N.B.
4. Psychiatrist - The beginning of the word 'psych' comes from 'psyche' meaning the mind.
Physiotherapist - The beginning of the word 'physio' means body .
5. Celsius, Fahrenheit and Centigrade are measurements of temperature.
Watt - Watt is a measurement of electrical power.

Computers and the net

6…………………………………….. your computer before you leave the office.
a) close b) Shut down c) restart d) lock up
7. How long are you going to be………………………. the computer? I need to send an email.
a) at b) in c) to d) on
8. Oh no! This stupid computer has………………………………. again!
a) crashed b) broken down c) had an accident d) failed
9. I can spend the whole weekend just ……………………….the net.
a) sailing b) swimming c) surfing d) windsurfing
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10. Now we have broadband, we’re…………………………. to the internet 24 hours a day.
a) joined b) linked c) connected d) attached
11. To open a file, just…………………………. on it with the mouse.
a) press b) cluck c) hit d) click
4. Fill in the blanks with the right words: 1. tools 2. age 3. experiments 4. addiction
a. The ethical implication of laboratory scientific ………….……..……… on animals is an issue discussed world
wide.
b. The dependency to computers displayed in the behavior of certain people is called computer
………………………….. .
c. Technological and scientific ………………….. such as computers, cell phones and satellites may boost the
development of the third world countries.
d. Computer …………….. is the era in which computer technology has transformed our lives.
5. Which field does each tool belong to?

1. Brain scanner 2. laptop 3. Spacecraft 4. Robot
5. interactive white board 6. Credit card 7. telescope 8. Nuclear plant
9. vacuum cleaner 10. Satellite 11. Palm computer
a. Education ................ b. Energy ………..…… c. Space …………..….. d. Medicine…….…. ……

e. Telecommunication ………… f. Astronomy …..…..…. g. Domestic life …….…. h. Banking …………
i. Industry ………..……. j. Business ……........ k. Personal use …………..…
6. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate.

1. microwave 2. e-mail 3. vacuum cleaner 4. computer
5. mobile phone 6. dishwasher 7. remote control
When I returned home from work, I decided to watch TV. I took the ………………………. and chose my
favourite channel. But, the electricity went off a short time later. I took my …………………………….. and
called my friend to help me fix the problem. He was busy on his ………………………………. sending and
replying to ………………………. or chatting.
I couldn’t use a ……………………………. to clean the carpet, so I had to take a brush and do it manually. I
couldn’t use the …………………………….. to heat my dinner and was obliged to have it cold. After dinner, I
couldn’t use …………………………………….. and again, with my own hands, I washed all the dishes.
7.. Below are the four steps that scientists normally follow in their work. Put them in the right order.
Order Steps
1. …………. A. Test the theory by further observations and by experiments.
2. …………. B. Based on those observations, form a theory as to what may be true.
3. …………. C. Observe what happens.
4. ………… D. Watch to see if the predictions based on the theory come true.
Listen and Speak EXPRESS CERTAINTY AND UNCERTAINTY (p.131)

1. Study the expressions used to express certainty and uncertainty, then fill in the table.
a. Consumers will undoubtedly turn to the internet to buy goods and services.
b. It’s crystal clear that consumers spending for online goods and services will increase.
c. I doubt if remote areas can use the internet.
d. No one can deny that the growth will be faster and faster.
e. The staff won’t be in the office until 11; they have got a meeting.
f. They are sure to come to an agreement by then.
g. They may go for internet shopping or supermarkets; they haven’t decided yet.
h. If they opt for the internet, some users may experience technical problems.
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I. They will probably choose supermarkets shopping.
j. I think many users prefer direct shopping.
To express uncertainty, we use: To express certainty, we use:

……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………….
2. Read the dialogue and add suitable expressions to the table above.
Denis: Hi François. Have you heard about Development 4 All association?
François: Certainly. It’s a well known association with good reputation.
Denis: Some of my colleagues believe it can’t play positive role in our small town.
François: I’m doubtful about those biased judgements, because the fruits of its participation in various projects
in African countries are evident to everyone. By the way, I’ve heard that it’s possible it will open its
office in our town.
Denis: I heard the same thing but I’m not sure about that.
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.

1.certainly / 2. must / 3. may / 4. guess / 5. probably / 6. can / 7. think
a. This …………..……..…….. be a laboratory – there are instruments and products of scientific research.
b. I’ll …………………………. come back to see the manager. I am not quite sure.
c. I ………………..………….. they are going to offer me the job as I have the ideal profile.
d. I ……………………...……..their wages are higher and their technology is advanced.
e. He’ll ……………………..… come; he is quite serious and punctual.
4. Practise with your peers asking and answering questions.

a. What inventions would you expect for the next century?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Would science and technology find a cure for AIDS, AVIAN FLU,…?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What would the world look like in the future?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Do you think humans will be able to live in the moon in 6 years?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e. Will the earth be a safe place in 10 years from now?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Read and Learn Science Technology (pp.132-133)
Science technology can be found in nearly all aspects of everyday life. For instance, if electricity had
never been discovered, electric appliances, heaters, lights, and television would never exist. Electronic
components found in radios, televisions, watches, and calculators are now smaller and more reliable than before.
Advances in electronics are responsible for what is called the computer age. Because of the computer technology,
information can be processed in seconds.
At one time, computers were extremely expensive. They were rarely found outside the laboratories and
large businesses. Since they are now more economically made, computers can be found in many homes, schools,
stores, and libraries. Computers facilitate travel plans by providing travel agents with easy access to flight
schedules, prices, and seating availability. Businesses use computers to track inventory, purchase and sell stocks,
calculate payrolls and perform many other functions. Computers are also used as educational devices in schools,
to monitor home-heating systems, and to guide satellite and space probes. In the future computers may have
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microprocessors produced in outer space, because the environment there is devoid of the Earth’s dust and
gravitational forces.
The battle against disease and illness has also gained much from science. Safer surgical procedures are
now in use including those for organ transplantation and coronary bypass surgery. Many procedures have been
improved because of the development of specialized medical instruments. Some instruments enable physicians to
see inside the body without making a single incision. Others can carry out essential bodily functions, such as
pumping blood or breathing. Medical researches are making progress toward the production of artificial blood,
which may eventually eliminate the threat of contracting diseases transmitted during blood transfusions. One
such disease is acquired immune deficiency syndrome, also know as AIDS. This fatal disease attacks the immune
system, rendering it incapable of warding off infections.
I- COMPREHENSION
A. Answer these questions:
1- How is science technology present in our daily life?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………
2- What are the advantages of using computers? ……………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………….
3- Which example shows that medical instruments have become better?
……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….
4- How can artificial blood contribute to diseases’ elimination?
……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….
B. Are these sentences true or false? JUSTIFY

1- The computer age is due to the progress of electronics.
……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….
2. Computers are still expensive to manufacture now.
……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….
3 - Space exploration doesn’t make use of computers.
……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….
4 - Doctors are unable to see inside the body without cutting it.
……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….
C. What do the underlined words in the text refer to:

1- there (paragraph 2) ………………………………………………………….
2- Others (paragraph 3) ……………………………………………………….
3- it (paragraph 3)………………………………………………………………….
D. Find in the Find in the text words or expressions which mean the same as:
1- machines (paragraph 1)……………………………………………………
2 -. Planned programme (paragraph 2)………………………..……………..
3-buy (paragraph 2)……………………………………………………………
4- deadly (paragraph 3)…………………………………………………………
Language Development Conditionals (pp.134-135)

A. Conditional Zero
1. Read the mini-dialogue and answer the questions.
Teacher: If you leave some water in the freezer of your fridge, what do you notice after some time?
Students: It becomes ice, … solid …
Teacher:: So, if you leave water in a freezer for a while, it turns into ice. What happens to ice if you heat it?
Students: If we heat ice, it turns into water.
Teacher: Great! What about heating water to 100 °C?
Students: If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
d. Choose the best answer. a. Is it true that whenever you freeze water it becomes
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The relation between the clauses is a relation of: solid? And when you heat ice, it turns into water?
1. probability 2. impossibility ………………………………………………………….………
3. improbability 4. automaticity b. What sort of facts are these?
e. Do the verbs have the same form? ………………………………….. ………………….
……………………………………………… c. How many clauses are there in each of the underlined
In which tense are they conjugated? sentences? …………..………….
……………….…………………………..… - What do we call each clause?
……..….……… clause and the ………..…………clause.
2. Complete the rule of conditional type zero.

If + subject +.. …..…………….…………….. , subject + ……………………………………..
Subject + ……………………….……………. if + subject + ………………….………………
3. Complete with the right words.
a. If there ….….an eclipse in the day, we …..……..see the sun. 1. is - will see / 2. is - can’t
b. Water ……….. if you …………… the tap. 1. pour - pours / 2. turn - will turn
c. People ……….. look at the sun if there ……… a solar eclipse. 1. isn’t - don’t / 2. are - is - don’t
d. If you ………….………………………(not water) flowers, they die.
e. If you mix water with oil, the oil …………..……………. ( to float).
B. Conditional type 1
1. Study these sentences.
a.. Choose the best answer. 1. If students study hard, they will have good marks.
The relation between the clauses is a relation of:
1. probability 2. impossibility 2. If it’s sunny next weekend, we’ll go on a picnic.
3. improbability 4. automaticity
b.. Do the verbs have the same form? 3. Fatima will get slim if she stops eating fatty food.
………………………………………………
In which tense are they conjugated? 4. If it rains this month, farmers will be glad.
The if-clause: …….…………………………..…
The main clause: ………………………………...
2. Complete the rule of conditional type 1.
If + subject +.. ……………………………….. , subject + ……………………………..
Subject + ……………………….……………. if + subject + …………….……………
3. Choose the correct form.
a. If you …………….……… an apple a day, you’ll be very healthy. 1. will eat 2. doesn’t eat 3. eat
b. If we don’t protect elephants, they ………….. become extinct. 1. will not 2. will 3. isn’t
c. He will pay higher insurances, if he …………. a sports car . 1. buys 2. will buy 3. buy
d. She ……………… better if she turns on the lamp. 1. sees 2. will see 3. saw
e. You won’t pass the exam if you …………..……… well. 1. will study 2. studies 3.don’t study
Language Development Conditionals (pp.134-135)

C. Conditional type2
1. Study these mini-dialogues.
1. Ahmed: Why don’t you go with me to Casa?
Saad: I’m afraid I can’t. If I had time, I would go with you.
2. Leila: Using the computer will facilitate your task.
Asmae: I wish I had one, but it’s too expensive for me. If I had money, I would buy one.
a. Do the clauses in bold refer to situations in: 1. the present 2. the past
b. The tense in the above clauses is 1. simple past 2. simple present or 3. the future
c. Conditional type2 sentences express ideas that the speaker or writer thinks are:
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1. Probable or likely to happen in the future. 2. Impossible to happen.
3. Improbable, unlikely or contrary to fact in the present.
REMEMBER: → This conditional is not based on fact. It refers to a situation in the present or future
which is unreal, unlikely or contrary to facts.
→ To show this unreality, we have to shift the tense from the present to the past, although the
condition still refers to the present or the future.
2. Complete the rule of conditional type 2.
If + subject +.. ……………………………….. , subject + ………..………….…………..
Subject + ………………………..……………. if + subject + ………….…………………
3. Rewrite these sentences as suggested below
1: Kathy wants to go to the park but she doesn't have any money.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2: Joe can't sleep because there is in an important meeting.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5: I won't work outside today because it's raining.
If ……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………
6. I don’t have many animals because I don’t live in the countryside.
If ……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………..
7. I feel lonely because I don’t have many friends.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
8. If Mr. Jones (watch)………..………..………. the news every evening, he would know more about politics.
Expressing Wishes in the present
1. Study the examples and answer the questions.
3. Use the appropriate structure to express 1. Ahmed wishes he had time to go to Casa with Saad.
wishes in the present. 2. Asmae wishes she had money to buy a computer.
a. Immigrants suffer from racism in many parts of the world. She said: “ If only I could buy a computer.”
………………………………………………………………… 3. Rachid said: “I can’t participate in the forum because I
b. I am really lazy, I don’t work hard. don’t speak English.”
………………………………………………………………… He added: “ I wish I could speak English well.”
c. There aren’t any nice gardens in our village. a. The wishes expressed are related to situations in:
………………………………………………………………… 1. the past 2. the present
d. If I spoke German, I would apply for that job.
b. The tense used is
………………………………………….……………………..
1. the past 2. the present or 3. the future
4. Transform the wishes into conditional sentences.
a. I wish there were internet connection in our school; I would
2. Which of the structures below can we use to
send and reply to e-mails. express wishes in the present?
If there………………………………………, I ……………… □ a. Subject + wish + simple present….
…………………… In reality, there ………………………… □ b. Subject + wish + subject + simple past….
……………………………………………………………….. □ c. Subject + wish + Subject+ simple future….
b. I wish human rights were respected and not violated □ d. If only + subject + simple past……..
everywhere. → In reality, human rights …………………… □ e. Subject + wish + subject + could + verb in the
………………………..……………………………………. infinitive…
Grammar Wishes and Conditionals (pp.134-135)

5. Samir is a peace-loving activist. He is describing some of the drawbacks of science and
technology. Read and answer the questions that follow.
Science and technology have contributed to human welfare and prosperity. However, we have
made a mess of our world. The latter is polluted. Our mother land is heating. I wish The world were
clean. if only our mother land were dirt-free. We have committed many criminal acts against our
environment. I wish we were wiser, then we wouldn’t devastate many places because of massive arms.
If only man didn’t use atomic bombs in war …. Albert Einstein helped USA to make an atomic bomb,
but after its fall on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, he regretted having done it. He wished he hadn’t
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contributed to the destruction of two Japanese cities. I wish humans had been cautious. If they had been
so, they would have created healthy; liveable and respectful atmosphere for humanity and for the
environment. Is it too late? Absolutely not! We got ourselves into this mess; we can certainly get
ourselves out of it.
a. What are Samir’s wishes?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. How does he express his wishes? Is he talking about present or past wishes?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c. What was Einstein’s wish?
………………………………………………………………………………………
d. How did he express his wish? Was he talking about present or past wishes?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Complete the grammatical rules about wishes:
Present wish: Subject + wish / If only + …………….…………. + ………….…………………….

Past wish: Subject + wish / If only + …………….…………. + ……….……………………….
7. Use these situations to express wishes.

a. Many workers are losing their jobs because of robots. ( robots / not replace / workers)
Jobless people …………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. Some powerful countries used intelligent weapons in wars and killed many innocents.
Human rights activists …………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c. My friend couldn’t call an ambulance because his mobile phone didn’t work.
My friend ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d. My mobile phone doesn’t have a Bluetooth technology.
I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
e. Last Monday, I couldn’t get up in the morning. I missed an interesting lecture on cloning.
I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
f. My uncle emigrated to continue his scientific researches in Canada. But he isn’t satisfied there.
My uncle …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Grammar Conditionals (pp.134-135)

D. Conditional type3
1. Read what Jamal said and answer the question below.
“My brother won a national award for his latest scientific invention. We celebrated it last night. A lot of people
came. We had a lot of food. Unfortunately, I ate so much that I had a stomach-ache. I couldn’t get up in the
morning because I didn’t sleep early. I didn’t go to school. I missed several lessons. I didn’t do the test. The
teacher gave me a bad mark because I forgot to do my homework.
a. Why did Jamal have a stomach-ache? b. Did he attend his lessons? Why? c. Did he do the test? Why?
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2. Now complete these sentences following the example.
a. If Jamal hadn’t eaten a lot, he wouldn’t have had a stomach-ache.
b. If Jamal …………………………………early, he ……………………………….. in the morning.
c. He ……………………………………… several lessons if he ………………………… to school.
d. If he ……………………………… to school, he …………………………….. the test.
e. The teacher ……………………………….. bad mark if he ……………………………….. the homework.
3. Complete this rule about conditional type 3.
If + subject + ………… + ……..……….. …, subject + would + …………… + …….……….
Subject + ................... have + ………………….. if + subject + ………………… +……..……….
4. Rewrite the following sentences using conditional type 3. Then use the same sentences to
express wishes in the past.
1. My friend wanted to write a report on scientific progress last week but he had no reference books.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………….…….
2. He couldn’t connect to the net because his father had changed the password.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….…….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….…….
3. He couldn’t go to the cybercafé because he had no money.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
4. He wanted to try his school’s connection, but the multimedia room was occupied.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………….…….
5. He went to the library, but he didn’t find any relevant encyclopedias. He couldn’t get any information.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
6. Finally he borrowed some books from his friend. Then, he was able to write his project.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….…….
7. Rex missed work yesterday because his wife and children were all sick with the flu.
If …………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. I finished my work because you helped me.
If ……………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. I didn’t get very wet because I took my umbrella.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. I wish my father had bought me a computer last year. I could have been a programmer.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. He wishes his satellite receiver hadn’t stopped working. ( to watch the live conference about nuclear danger on the
environment.)
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. I wish he hadn’t been drunk. In fact, he was drunk; that’s why he lost control of the car.
If ……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………..
13. I didn’t know you were in hospital. That’s why I didn’t visit you.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Practise Writing Argument Essay (pp.136-137)
A sample essay ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION

There has been a controversy between animal rights supporters and scientists about whether it is right to use animals in
experimental research. Also, it is very debatable whether using animals for such research results in finding a cure for diseases. From my
point of view, if there are no other alternatives, and if it is possible that this will contribute to science, animals may be used for
experimental research.
Although the animal rights activists claim that people and animals are equal and thus they should be treated equally, I think that
people and animals cannot be seen equal, and therefore the death of an animal cannot be the same thing as the death of a person. For that
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reason, causing animals to die for science, for the sake of saving human lives, may be considered ethical to some extent if it will contribute
to the advancement of science and will be to the benefit of humanity in general.
Furthermore, animal rights supporters label scientists as ‘cruel’ for causing animals to die in medical experiments, while they do
not oppose the people, mostly farmers, who kill animals for food, even though they know that 99% of animals deaths is caused by farmers
while only a small percentage, i.e. 1% is caused by scientists. The underlying reason for that is they find scientists easier to attack and
cannot deal with farmers who are organized and strong.
Another basic argument of animal rights defenders is that people and animals are different genetically and therefore it is useless
to use animals in experiments to see the effects of some substances on people. They claim that it will make no good to use animals in
experiments because they are too different to be compared to people. Some of them even assert that it is better to use people directly as
they think that the results of experiments on animals cannot be valid and reliable as long as the same observation has not been done on
man also. However, these people cannot foresee the disastrous results of such a practice. Many people are likely to die until a healthy
result is obtained.
People and animals may not be the same, but to some degree there are similarities which can at least give scientists an idea about
their experiments. From this point of view, scientists are right to use animal models to provide themselves with information about what is
happening at level of detail that could not be achieved in humans. Although there might have been some incidents when animal testing did
not prove to be useful and some effects of some drugs observed on animals could not be observed on people, there are also a lot of
examples that show that using animals resulted in significant developments and helped to cure some serious illnesses.
On the other hand, there may be alternative methods that should be used instead of animal experimentation. Then, of course, it is
cruel and unethical to use animals. For example, in some experiments in-vitro methods can be used as an alternative to using live animals.
In such occasions, it is certainly much better and right to employ these alternatives.
All in all, it can be said that using animals for medical research is ethical as long as it contributes to scientific development and
helps scientists find ways to improve human health. And this practice is only acceptable on the condition that necessary pains are taken
and animals are treated humanely.
1. Read the essay above and fill the chart.
Writer’s arguments Animal rights supporters Arguments
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………….
WRITING:
Not only does technology have advantages but also some disadvantages. Write an essay and show how technological
machines, vehicles, instruments…etc affect badly our modern life (Cars, planes, TV, phone…)
power needs while protecting our environment, and Advantages
technology holds extraordinary promise for the future of Technological innovation is critical to our progress for many
education reasons
Disadvantages 1. technology fuels sustainable economic expansion
dangerous technology rises order of potential danger a. creating high-wage jobs, world-class exports,
a. overloading natural ecologies' carrying capacity, e.g. b. driving productivity and growth so critical to our long-
those producing excess greenhouse gas, as coal does - term global competitiveness
advocates: Greening Earth Society 2. Innovations also improve our quality of life...
a. New drugs and cures that help people live longer and
b. poison natural ecologies and bodies, e.g. generating
healthier lives,
toxic waste especially radiation b. Agricultural advances that permit more bountiful
c. creating weapons of mass destruction, especially in harvests with less herbicides and pesticides
secret 3. advances in technology are vital to our efforts
Concluding sentence a. to protect our homeland,
a more conscientious use of this useful, yet very b. hardening our infrastructure,
dangerous weapon c. detecting dangers, empowering our defenders.
4. Energy innovations are the key to meeting our future
UNIT 10 BRAIN DRAIN (pp.140-155)

B A 1. Brain drain refers to the emigration of skilled professionals to
Technology Brain developed countries. What do you think the reasons behind this
Drain Low emigration are? Complete the spider gram below.
Workers Attract For further study ……………… …………………….
Countries Developed
Pay High
attention skilled
2. Match the words in column A with those in
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column B.
Brain Drain
……………… …………….. ……………..

3. Fill in the gaps with the right words from the list:
1. optimism /2. experts /3. situation / 4. loss / 5.developing /6. salaries
Scientists, engineers,……………..……………. and talented university students from poorer countries are flocking to the
industrial world, drawn by the promise of better…………..……….………… and working conditions. But not everyone is
happy with this …………..……..……. Governments of some …………………….………. countries regard the phenomenon
as a …………….……….……of human capital that must be restricted. Others view the situation with some……….……….
………… as countries of origin might also gain some benefit.
4. Match the words (a-j) with the definitions (1-10).
1. not yet fully developed a. Brain drain
2. having the ability to perform a task expertly and well b. physician
3. obtain something needed or wanted c. physicist
4. the emigration of educated professionals to other countries d. scholar
5. An expert in physics e. income
6. A person who practices medicine f. gain
7. highly attractive g. underdeveloped
8. revenue h. skilled
9. an educated person who has gained mastery in one or more disciplines i. unskilled
10. Not having special skills j. tempting
5. Fill in the blanks with the right words from the table above:
a. Human capital flight, or …………………………..….. , is an emigration of trained and talented individuals to other countries,
due to lack of opportunity in their countries of origin.
b. The president of the World Bank urged ………………………………………. countries to invest in education and science to
develop economy and combat poverty effectively.
c. An estimated 900,000 of highly…………………………..……………. professionals entered the American labour market
between 1990 and 2000.
d. Talented professionals emigrate to developed countries to earn………………….………….. wages and secure a better future.
e. A ………….…………………….. is a scientist who studies the properties and interactions of matter and energy in all their
forms( liquid, solid, gas, and plasma).
6. Study the information in table carefully and add more examples.
Examples Meaning Prefixes
Intercontinental, ………………………………………………… Between, among Inter
Extraterrestrial, …………………………………………………. Outside, beyond Extra
Intracellular, ………………………………………………………. Within, inside Intra
Underpaid,…………………………………………………………. Less than, insufficient Under
Overpopulated, …………………………………………………… Excessively, more than Over
Supersonic,………………………………………………………… Above, over, beyond Super
Hypersensitive,……………………………………………………. Above, over, excessive hyper
7. Add appropriate prefixes to the adjectives between brackets following the example given
Example: ( paid) workers prefer to emigrate abroad to improve their salaries.
Underpaid workers prefer to emigrate abroad to improve their salaries.
a. According to the ( national)…….…………. Organization for Migration, Africa has been losing 20,000 professionals each year since 1990.
b. An emigrant scientist in the USA said that the mystery of Bermuda triangle is something (natural)……………………………..…
c. The majority of highly talented professionals emigrate from (developed) ………………………..…………… to developed countries.
d. Some youths are (excited)………………………….………... about emigrating to Europe not knowing the problems they might face.
e. Many scientists and experts attended an (continental) …………….………………………..……….. conference on brain drain.
f. An African scientist presented (ordinary) ……………………..……………….……….. ideas to turn brain drain into brain gain.
Read and Learn Reassessing the Impacts of Brain Drain on Developing Countries (pp.146-147)
Brain drain, which is the action of having highly skilled and educated people leaving their country to
work abroad, has become one of the developing countries concern. Brain drain is also referred to as human capital
flight. More and more third world science and technology educated people are heading for more prosperous countries
83
seeking higher wages and better working conditions. This has of course serious consequences on the sending
countries.
While many people believe that immigration is a personal choice that must be understood and respected,
others look at the phenomenon from a different perspective. What makes those educated people leave their countries
should be seriously considered and a distinction between push and pull factors must be made. The push factors
include low wages and lack of satisfactory working and living conditions. Social unrest, political conflicts and wars
may also be determining causes. The pull factors, however, include intellectual freedom and substantial funds for
research.
Brain drain has negative impact on the sending countries economic prospects and competitiveness. It
reduces the number of dynamic and creative people who can contribute to the development of their country.
Likewise, with more entrepreneurs taking their investments abroad, developing countries are missing an opportunity
of wealth creation. This has also negative consequences on tax revenue and employment.
Most of the measures taken so far have not had any success in alleviating the effects of brain drain. A
more global view must take into consideration the provision of adequate working and living conditions in the sending
countries. Another option should involve encouraging the expatriates to contribute with their skill to the development
of their countries without necessarily physically relocating.
Comprehension:
1. Choose the appropriate answers.
A. Another term for brain drain is:
a. capital flight
b. human capital flight
B. To address the problem of brain drain we should understand:
a. the causes.
b. the effects.
C. Brain drain has terrible consequences on the economic development of :
a. sending countries
b. receiving countries
D. To limit the negative impact of brain drain, expatriates should
a. come back to their home countries for good.
b. try to help their home countries while staying there.
2. Are these sentences true or false? Justify your answer.
a. Brain drain refers to the emigration of unskilled people from developing countries to developed ones.
………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Brain drain influences the countries of origins negatively and affects their economies.
……… ……… ……… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. There is no way that the sending countries can benefit from brain drainers.
………..… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
a. How does the writer define brain drain?
………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. The writer distinguishes two types of factors that lead to brain drain. What are they? Give examples of each factor.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. In what way does brain drain affect the countries of origin?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
a. Brain drainers from underdeveloped or developing countries are immigrating to rich countries for tempting promises.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. We should take into account the reasons behind the emigration of educated brain drainers.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. The efforts made to reduce the impact of brain drain have been fruitless.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

GRAMMAR Relative Clauses (pp.148-149)
1. Study the examples below. What do the underlined words refer to in the first sentences?
Their functions Words they refer to
a……………… a……………..……….. a. I am reading a book. It is very interesting.
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b……………… …. b. The sweets are delicious. I bought them yesterday.
c………………. b……………….……..…. c. The shoes are too big. My grandma bought them for me.
d………………. c………………………… d. Carly helped a man. The man is my teacher.
e………………. . e. Nancy worked as a waitress when she was a student. Her job now is a doctor.
f………………. d………………………… f. This is the school. I studied in this school since I was a small child.
g………………. e………………………… g. November is the month. Moroccans celebrate The Green March in this
. month.
f………………………….
g…………………………
2. Study again the same examples joined with relative pronouns and fill in the chart.
a. I am reading a book which is very interesting.
b. The sweets which I bought yesterday are delicious..
c. The shoes which my grandma bought for me are too big..
d. Carly helped a man who is my teacher.
e. Nancy, whose job now is a doctor, worked as a waitress when she was a student.
f. This is the school where I studied since I was a small child.
g. November is the month When Moroccans celebrate The Green March.
Functions Relative Relative clauses Main clauses
pronouns
……………….. ……………….. …………………………………………... a. …………………………………………………
……………….. ……………….. …………………………………………... b. …………………………………………………
……………….. ……………….. …………………………………………... c.. …………………………………………………
……………….. ……………….. …………………………………………... d. …………………………………………………
……………….. ……………….. …………………………………………... e. …………………………………………………
……………….. ……………….. …………………………………………... f. …………………………………………………
……………….. ……………….. …………………………………………... g. …………………………………………………
3. Choose the correct word from the list to fill in the blank
who which when where whose why
Functions What they refer to
1………….. 1……………………….. 1. This is the bank ……………………. was robbed yesterday.
2………….. 2……………………….. 2. The boy ……………………. sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3……….….. 3……………………….. 3. The man ………………………. robbed the bank had two pistols.
4…….…….. 4……………………….. 4. He wore a mask …………..……………. made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5……….….. 5……………………….. 5. This is the station …………………….. Emily met James.
6…….…….. 6……………………….. 6. He came with a friend …………………………… waited outside in the car.
7…….…….. 7……………………….. 7. The woman …………………….. gave him the money was young.
8…….…….. 8……………………….. 8. A police officer …………………… car was parked at the next corner stopped
and arrested them.
9……….….. 9……………………….. 9. The bag ……………………… contained the money was yellow.
10………….. 10……………………….. 10. The people ………………….. were in the bank were very frightened.
11………….. 11……………………….. 11. The man ……………………… mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
12………….. 12……………………….. 12. A woman ………………….. daughter was crying tried to calm her.
13………….. 13……………………….. 13. July and August are the months …………………. most people go on holiday.
14………….. 14……………………….. 14. The car in …………………….. the bank robbers escaped was orange.
15………….. 15……………………….. 15. The man …………………… drove the car was nervous.
16………….. 16……………………….. 16. He didn't wait at the traffic lights …………………… were red.
17………….. 17……………………….. 17. Do you know the reason …………………. so many people in the world learn
English?
18………….. 18……………………….. 18. Edinburgh is the town …………………… Alexander Graham Bell was born.
19………….. 19……………………….. 19. The robber ……………………… mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
20………….. 20….…………………….. 20. December 25th is the day …………………… children in Great Britain get
their Christmas presents.
21………….. 21……………………….. 21. Famine was the reason ………………so many Irish people emigrated to the
USA in the 19th century.
22………….. 22……………………….. 22. A greengrocer's is a shop …………………….. you can buy vegetables.

GRAMMAR Relative Clauses (pp.148-149)
4. Choose the appropriate.
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1. The Dark Side is a talk show who/ which has been very successful for a long time.
2. Said Mansouri is the activist who/ which won an award for his role in the campaign.
3. That's the girl who/ which / whose father is the mayor of the city.
5. Fill in each blank when necessary with one of the following relative pronouns:
Who / which / that / whose / when / where
1. There are times …….…..………. I feel I want to be alone.

2. That's the athlete …………..….…….won the race last week.
3. This is the factory ………….….…..produces cars in Morocco.
4. She is the woman ……………....……is interested in helping the children of the village.
5. Casablanca, ……………….….…… is near Rabat, is one of the biggest cities in Africa.
6. Taher ben Jelloun, …..………. has written interesting novels in French, is well known at the international level.
7. I'm looking for a house in the country…………….……. I can live the rest of my life after I retire.
6. Read the two sentences and then write one sentence with the same meaning.
1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in the hospital.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. A man answered the phone. He told me you were out.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Some boys were arrested. They have now been released
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. USE THE WORDS IN BRACKETS TO REWRITE THE SENTENCES.

1. You live in a town. The town is very old. (which)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...
2. The football match was very exciting. My friend played in it. (which)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...
3. The letter hasn't arrived yet. I posted it three days ago. (which)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...
4. He lives in a house. The house is not very big. (which)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...
5. The boy is very nice. I know him from school. (who)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...
6. The girl is a painter. We met her at the party. (who)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...
7. Carol plays tennis brilliantly. She is only 9 years old. (who)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...
8. A midwife is a woman. She assists other women in childbirth (who).
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...
9. Three youngsters were arrested by the police. They had committed criminal offences (who).
……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………...

Practise Writing Brain Drain: For or Against? (pp.136-137)
86
A. To conclude, what would happen if we forbade brain drain and keep all those talents inside the country? Will they be able to
grow and be as productive as they want to? Or will they join the rows of unemployed people and create more problems for
society?
B. At the first glance, brain drain seems like a big loss. A considerable number of young people are leaving the country. It looks
like the country is losing a lot of educated workforce. However, it seems a big advantage that talented minds are able to
leave the country and pursue their dreams elsewhere.
C. Another argument in favour of brain drain is that talented brains would like to ensure their own future and that of their
families. What is wrong with the desire to look for a better living standard in another country? I mean, everyone likes to
improve his/her conditions. We, therefore, should not prevent anyone from the pursuit of this right.
D. The first argument I would like to mention is that individual talents would get the chance to grow in a favourable
environment. They would get more support and have more opportunities to flourish. This would help talents grow and not be
wasted. Here is a sample example: a very clever friend of mine received a medal in the national Maths Olympics and
graduated from university with the best marks. For a while he unsuccessfully tried to get a job. Finally, he decided to go
abroad. Now he has a good job and lives happily in France.
E. One further argument is that the experience that talented people gain abroad will be very useful if they decide at later stage
to go back and settle down in their own countries. In other words, the fact that highly educated people emigrate is not only
good for themselves, but is also good for their countries, and may also be good for the world. Abide Omar, Niger
3. Work with your partner to fill in the table with ideas from the 1. Put the paragraphs in the right order by filling
article. Add your own arguments if possible. this diagram with the appropriate letters (A-E)
Arguments against brain drain Arguments for brain drain Paragraphs Parts of the article
…………………………… ………………….…………… …………………………… Introduction
…………………………… ……………………………… ………………………….. Argument1
…………………………… ……………………………… ………………………….. Argumrnt2
…………………………… ………………………………. ………………………….. Agrument3
4. Are you for or against brain drain? ………………………….. Conclusion
Write an article to an e-magazine, using arguments from the tables 2. What words or phrases helped you to re-order the
above to support your point of view. You may use Omar's article as a paragraphs?
model.
Writing brain drain You will need just to make correct sentences and link your paragraphs.
Write an article to a newspaper stating the causes and effects of brain drain in Africa, namely Morocco. And suggest solutions to reverse
this phenomenon.
Introduction
Statistics on the brain drain from Africa are scarce but troubling.
According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), Africa has already lost one third of its human capital and is
continuing to lose its skilled personnel at an increasing rate, with an estimated 20,000 doctors, university lecturers, engineers and other
professionals leaving the continent annually.................
Causes Of Brain Drain
Pull Factors Push Factors
• Substantial funds for research, advanced technology, modern • Lack of research and other facilities,including support staff;
facilities; availability of experienced support staff. inadequacy of research funds, lack of professional equipment and
• Higher wages and income. tools.
• Higher standard of living. • Low and eroding wages and salaries.
• Better working conditions; Impacts of Brain Drain • Unsatisfactory living conditions, lack of transport, housing, etc.
• Under-utilization of qualified personnel; lack of satisfactory
working conditions; low prospect of professional development
Effects of Brain Drain
Positive Effects Negative Effects

• Contribution of new skills when migrants return • Reduces the already low quantity of skilled manpower available
• Remittance from skilled migrants boosts household welfare in African countries and needed for their development.
• Remittance supports the balance of payments • Reduces numbers of dynamic and innovative people, whether
Best estimates suggest that Africans working abroad send home entrepreneurs or academics
some US$45 billion a year. • Increases dependence on foreign technical assistance
• Slows the transfer of technology and widens the gap between
African and industrialized countries
Possible Solutions
•develop and valorize Africa's human resources and create job and career opportunities .
•Respect and consolidation of human rights and democracy, namely freedom of speech.
•Establish necessary and positive political, social and economic conditions that would serve as incentives to curb the brain drain.
•the necessity of setting Meritocracy and transparency as the only criteria in promotions and appointments.
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Global English test N°1
I-Reading Comprehension: (15 points)
Awatif Morsy will never forget the day she heard that a new school was open in her village. “Someone
came to the house asking for the names of the children who weren’t attending class,” she recalls. “My mother
gave them my name. I was so excited.” Like most eight year-olds in the village of Beni Shara’an, Awatif’s life
until that important day was divided between back-breaking work in the fields or at home. To girls like her, the
new
school- a single classroom on the ground floor of a converted house- was a dream-come-true.
Not everyone in the village was so enthusiastic, at least initially. Some farmers complained that the
school would deprive them of the cheap labour the children provided. Even Awatif’s own step-father,
Abdelwadoud, was unconvinced. “What does a girl need to study for?” he would ask. Happily, that wasn’t the
view of Farouk Abdel Naim, the elderly merchant who was persuaded to donate the premises for the school to
use. “I’ve come to believe that a girl’s education is more important even than a boy’s,” Mr. Abdel Naim says. “A
man can always make something out of his circumstances, but a girl can’t. She needs to be educated in order to
get on in life”.
Ten years on, it’s hard to find anyone in Beni Shara’an who doesn’t share that opinion. The school-
which has now expanded into three classes- is today seen as a wise investment from which the community is
getting tangible rewards. Take the example of the shopkeeper Ahmed Abdel Jabbar, himself illiterate. “Until
Rawia went to school, my store accounts were in a complete mess,” he recalls. “But before long, she was taking
care of all the books for me, as well as helping her elder sister to read and write.” Rawia is disabled, but her
father says she’s the most capable of his four daughters. “I can say that to me, Rawia is no longer just a girl;
she’s more precious than ten sons.”
While the drive to get more Egyptian girls into school is bringing benefits in places like Beni Shara’an,
the impact has been felt nationally. From 227 community schools set by UNICEF and its partners since 1990 has
emerged a campaign setting girls’ education as one of Egypt’s top development priorities.
Base all your answers on the text
A- Circle the right answers from the list given (2pts)
1. This text is probably taken from
a. an interview. b. a play. c. a newspaper.
2. The text is about
a. The Egyptian project for building schools in Beni Shara’an
b. The importance of the education of girls in Beni Shara’an
c. Daily life of girls in Beni Shara’an
B. Are these sentences true or false? Justify (4 pts)
1. Awatif was 8 years old when the new school opened.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. All the people in Beni Shara’an were happy about the school at first.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..………………...
3. The Egyptian government built the new school in Beni Shara’an.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..………………...
4. The shopkeeper sent his daughter to school.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
C. Answer these questions (4pts)
1. How did Awatif spend her days before the school opened?
……………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………....
2. What was Abdelwadoud’s reaction to sending girls to school?
………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..……………...
3. Why does Rawia’s father consider her more precious than 10 sons?
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….……....
4. What was the effect of schools like Beni Shara’an’s on girls’ education in Egypt?
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
D. Find in the text words or phrases that mean the same as: (3pts)
1. convinced (paragraph 2) ………............................
2. real (paragraph 3) ………………………….
3. advantages or profits (paragraph 4) …………………………………
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E. What do the underlined words in the text refer to? (2pts)
1. them : ……………………………
2. his: ……………………………
II-LANGUAGE: (15points)
A-Rewrite the following sentences as suggested: (4 points)
1. The driver wasn’t careful. That was why he had that terrible accident.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………....
2. People should take care of the environment.
The environment ............................................................................................................................................
3. What a pity! I can’t visit your country.
If only ..........................................................................................................................................................
4. The weather was bad. Nevertheless, the football match wasn’t stopped.
Despite ...........................................................................................................................................................
B-Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrasal verbs from the list: (2 points)
Turn down – get on well with – come across- pass out –
1. I .............................................. an old friend while I was walking down the street the other day.
2. She ……………………….………………….. when she heard of her father's death.
3. The company will certainly ………………….…………….. your application if you don’t have the
required qualifications.
4. All Leila's colleagues respect her because she ……………….………………………... everybody.
C- Put the words between brackets in the correct form using these affixes: (3points)
-able/dis-/mis-/re-/anti-/under-/ex-
1- (Developed)............................................... countries usually have problems with education.
2- The teacher asked us to (read) …………………………….... the text to check our answers.
3- (Globalisation) …………………………… activists are against any (use) .......................................... of the
world’s economy to exploit poor countries
4- He met his (wife) ................................................. at the super market.
5- Some of our children's mistakes are (forgive)....................................
D-Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense: (2points)
Ahmed: “I (not see) ... ………………………………..…………kamal for ages. What’s up with him?”
Jamal: “Oh yes. He finally (get) ………………………….. a visa to Canada and (buy) ……………………….. a
plane ticket last week. I think by the end of this month, he (fly) ………..……...……………... to
Montreal”
E-Match the statements with their functions: (4 points)
Statements: What they express:
1- I'm sorry to say this, but the coffee that you brought
a- Agreeing
me is too cold to be drunk.
2- Could you possibly help me with my homework? b- Complaining
3- That's exactly what I think. c- Certainty
4- You must be Barbara’s new friend. I saw you with

d- Request
her yesterday.
1- ………………….. 2- ……….…… 3-……… ……... 4- ………………………
III- WRITING: (10points)
Some people think that surfing the net is just a waste of time while others believe
that the internet is a source of valuable information. Write an essay talking about
the positive and the negative effects of the internet.
In many countries woodland are under threat from continued house and road building, but the biggest problem is
neglect. Seven thousand years ago, most of Britain, for example, was covered with trees. Since then, these forests have been
89
systematically cleared to provide land for agriculture and housing and to use as fuel. Around 1900, only 4% of the country
was woodland; measures have since been taken to enlarge forests which now make up 10% of the British landscape. Even
so, this compares poorly with the European Union average of 25%.
Many of us take trees for granted, yet they make significant contributions to many areas of our daily life. They provide
areas for recreation and relaxation. A US survey indicates that hospital patients recover more quickly and require less
powerful medicine if they have a view of trees.
Trees can give an important insight into the history of an area. Rows of trees crossing an open field may have once
marked where a hedgerow used to be, and single trees may have been used as a local landmark.
Trees also convert carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere into oxygen. The oxygen produced from 30 to 40
square metres of leaves is sufficient for one person per day. They provide vital habitats and wood stuffs for birds, animals,
insects and other plants. They supply timber for building as well as wood pulp for paper production.
Trees in towns help to reduce pollution level by moving dust, smoke and fume particles from the air and trapping
them in their leaves, branches and stems. They can also reduce wind speeds by 85% and noise by 40%.
І. COMPREHENSION: (8 points)
A. Are these sentences true or false? Justify: ( 2 points)
1. Trees increase the effect of pollution.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
2. Patients with a view of trees spend less time in hospitals.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
B. Answer these questions from the text: (2 points)
1. What industrial elements do trees provide?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
2. What would happen to animals and birds if there were no trees?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
C. Complete these sentences from the text: ( 2 points)
1. Housing and road building ..................................................................................................
2. Forests in the European Union ..............................................................................................
D. Find in the text words or expressions that mean the same as: (2 points)
1. Carelessness (paragraph 1) = ..................................................
2. Understanding (paragraph 3) = ..............................................
ІІ.LANGUAGE (8 points)
A. Put the sentences into the passive voice: (3 points)
1. The tourist is taking pictures.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
2. Drivers have to respect the law.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
3. People have sent millions of e-mails during the last two years.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
B. Put the following words in the appropriate forms: (2 points)
1. Nadia is (determine) .................................................... to pass the exam as she is preparing for it seriously.
2. The (develop) ……………………………….. of all the economic sectors depends on private investments.
C.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word from the list (1 point)
Compete smoke choice fume
1. I don’t know which one to choose. It’s really a difficult ..........................................
2. Meditel and Ittissalat Almaghreb always ................................ with each other for more customers.
D.Fill in the blanks with the adequate phrasal verb from the list(2 points)
Take up think over put off look up make up
1. Because of the heavy rain, the football match was .............................................. for another day.
2. Can I have your dictionary, please? I’d like to ............................................................. some words.
3. During adolescence, young people may .......................................................... bad habits like smoking or drugs addiction.
4. This problem is very complex. I must ............................................ it ............................... to find a solution.
ІІІ. WRITING ( 4 points)
Women's participation in the building of a society has become of paramount importance. Write an essay
explaining this importance and showing the benefits that we can get from the empowerment of women.

The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) calls
90
for four major programmatic actions.
1-The Eradication of Illiteracy: a number of demographic and health studies have provided some evidence to
show that wherever a woman has achieved an eighth grade education, she has half the number of pregnancies as
her uneducated sister. There must be a concerted effort to ensure that every child in the world has an opportunity
for at least a basic education. And special attention must be given to extending this opportunity to girls. For
mainly it is the girl child who has been denied and deprived of the fundamental human right of a basic education.
2-Full Employment Opportunities for Women :studies have also shown that wherever women are empowered
to participate in the paid economy of a country , they opt for a smaller family size than women who don’t have
paid employment; they become a more important part of family decision making, and they achieve gender
equality that matters more. There is no rational explanation or excuse for gender inequality or inequity in a world
where women perform two-thirds of the world’s work, earn only ten per cent of the world’s income, and own less
than one per cent of the world’s property. This problem has to be addressed.
3-Reduction of Infant Mortality: where parents can be reasonably assured that their children will survive
beyond age five, they again opt to have fewer pregnancies. Substantial progress has been made in the area of
reducing infant and child mortality and morbidity. We have seen some of the impressive declines in fertility rates
in the very same countries that have made the greatest progress in lowering infant and child mortality.
4-Universal Access to the Knowledge and Affordable Means by which to Prevent Unintended Pregnancies:
family planning options should range from natural methods, for those for whom they work, to more medically
approved methods. More research is required to develop an even wider variety of safe, effective means of
mobilization on the matter. As family planning methods are available, we can go a long way toward assuring that
couples have only the number of children they want to have and are able to nurture and care for. The key to
stabilizing our human numbers can be summed up in a single sentence “every child, a wanted child.”
Accomplishment of these goals will see world population levelling off at around eight billion, or even less,
rather than what some demographers believe could be 9.5 billion or higher. A concerted effort by national
governments as well as by civil society to transform the Cairo ICPD rhetoric into reality will lead to the
improvement of the quality of life on this planet. Such an effort is essential to the realization of development
goals for those countries currently on course to double their populations within the next 25 to 30 years.
I- COMPREHENSION: (15 points)
A- Say whether these statements are true or false: (3 points)
1. The more educated women are, the less pregnancies they have.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Nowadays, all girls are allowed to go to primary school.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Men and women earn the same income for the same amount of work.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B- Answer these questions according to the text: (3 points)
1. Why should we focus mainly on providing basic education for girls?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How does the reduction of infant mortality lead to less pregnancies?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What is the result of achieving the four development goals mentioned in the text?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C- Find in the text words which mean the same as: (3 points)
1. Elimination (paragraph 1): ……………………………….
2. Choose (paragraph2) ……………………………….
3. Child ( paragraph 4): ……………………………….
D-What do these words refer to? (3 points)
1. she (paragraph 1): ………………………………
2. this (paragraph 2): ………………………………
3. they (paragraph 3): ……………………………..
91
E- Complete the following sentences according to your understanding of the text: (2
points)
1. Studies show that literate women have half …………………….………….…………………………….
2. Girls have been denied …………………………………………….……..………………………………
3. Family planning methods include both………………………………………………….……………….
II-LANGUAGE: (15 points)
A- Match the two words to form two collocations : (1.5 points)

a. technology
1. highly
b. aspects
2. cultural
c. care
3. health
d. skilled
1- ................................ 2- …………….….……… 3- ……………….……..……
B-Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrasal verbs from the list: (3 points)
take off - hand in - ask out - put on - lock in - call in - check in - find out.
1. It‘s cold. Why don’t you ……………………….your jacket?
2. Mr Gibson always …………………….his wife ………….… to the restaurant on weekends.
3. Alan was the first student to ……………………………the solution to the problem.
C- Rewrite the following sentences as suggested: (3 points)
1. She was lazy. That was why she didn’t do her homework.
If…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….
2. A group of scientists will do a new experiment on global warming.
A new experiment on global warming ………………………….………………………………………… .
3. “We found new evidence. We will tell the press in due time. “
The detectives announced that………………………………….…………………………………………..
D-Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense: (3 points)
1. Mr Nassiri was tired. He (work)…………..…………………… all day long.
2. By next week, Leila (send) …........................................... all the invitation letters for her wedding
party.
3. She had already prepared dinner when her husband (arrive) .........................................
E- Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list : « who, where,
whom, which, whose, when »(1.5points)
1. Many people ……………………….are intolerant fail to see the importance of human relationships.
2. People need to belong to a family ……………………..can support them during the hard times.
3. A democratic country is an ideal place………………………people can develop their potential.
F Join the following sentences using the words in brackets : (3 points)
1. Latifa was usually late for work. Her boss dismissed her. (as a result)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Many people leave their country. They don’t want to die during civil wars. (so as not to)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. He has so many problems these days. He is always smiling. (although)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
III- WRITING: (10 points)
You have read an article about gender equality in a magazine. Write a letter to the editor of the
magazine giving your opinion about the importance of equality between men and women
92
Sleep
Kip, nap, doze, forty winks, shut-eye and snooze are all expressions we use to describe that mysterious
state: sleep. We all do it, we can’t get by without it and by the time we reach old age most of us have spent 20
years sleeping .Yet, nobody knows why we do it.
Most scientists reckon that by resting our bodies, we allow time for essential maintenance work to be
done .Any damage that there is can be put right more quickly if energy isn't being used up doing other things .
Injured animals certainly spend more time asleep than usual while their wounds are healing. And quite a few
illnesses make us feel drowsy so our body can get on with curing us.
Sleep is controlled by certain chemicals .These build up during the day, eventually reaching levels that
make us tired. We can control the effects of these chemicals to some extent .Caffeine helps to keep us awake
while alcohol and some medicines make us sleepy.
By using electrodes, scientists are able to study what goes on in people’s heads while they sleep. They
have discovered that when we first drop off everything slows down. The heart beats more slowly and our
breathing becomes shallow. After about 90 minutes our eyes start to twitch and we go into what is called REM
sleep. REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement, and it’s a sign that we’ve started to dream.
You have dreams every night, even if you don’t remember them. There are all sorts of theories about why we
dream .One is that it gives the brain a chance to sort out the day’s activities, filling everything away in the right
place. Another is that the brain gets bored while we’re asleep and organizes its own entertainment - a sort of late
- night cinema!
A lot of people say they have to have eight hours’ sleep every night while others seem to manage on a lot
less. One thing’s for sure , we all need some sleep and going without it can have some very strange effects .An
American disc-jockey ,who stayed awake for 200 hours to raise money for charity, thought things were bursting
into flames all around him after 120 hours without sleep .He survived the ordeal but was depressed for three
months afterwards.
Humans are unusual in the way they sleep. Most animals have a sleep during the day and tests have
shown that a siesta can be beneficial for us too. It’s even been recommended that airline pilots should have a nap
during long flights so that they are more alert for the tricky business of landing.
So next time you nod off after Sunday lunch in front of the telly, don’t feel embarrassed about it. Science,
after all, is on your side.
(Base all your answers on the text )
I- Comprehension (15 points)
A.Circle the best answer : (1 pt)
The text is: a. a report b. an article c. a narrative
B. Are these statements true or false ? Justify (4 pts)
1. Human beings can go without sleep.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
2. Body chemicals that cause tiredness are not fully controllable.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
3. The heart beats increase noticeably while sleeping.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
4. During dreams, the brain is said to list the day’s events in a disorderly way.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
C. Answer the following questions : (3 pts)
1. When do wounded animals need much
sleep? ........................................................................................................................................................
2. How can scientists know about the brain’s reactions during
sleep? ....................................................................................................................................................
....
3. What happened to the American D.J ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....
D. Complete these sentences : (2pts)
1. According to scientists we start to dream ……………………………………………….
2. Pilots on long distance flights would be more attentive to landing if………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
93
E. Find in the text words meaning almost the same as :(4pts)

1. permit :……………………………….. / 2. diseases :………………………………….
3. find out :……………………………… / 4. strange :………………………………….
F. What do the underlined words in the text refer to? (1pt)
1.Another :……………………………(parag.5)
2.They :……………………………….(parag.7)
II- Language (15 points)
A. Rewrite these sentences as recommended : (2pts)
1. They have promised Kathy a post in the accounting department .
Kathy……………………………………………………………………………
2.”Our benefits have gone down last month”.
The manager revealed……………………………………………………….
B. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense:(3 pts)
1. In twenty years’ time, the temperature of the globe (go)………...………….……………up by three
degrees. This will threaten the planet as well as the species.
2. Ryan (teach)………………….……………in Brazil before he (go)……..………….………….back
to his home country last year.
C. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form: (2 pts)
1. I can’t stand (watch)………………………..………..genocides diffused on T.V.
2.The committee has agreed (compensate)……………..………….………for the damages caused by
the periodic floods.
3. Most (literate)……………….………………Moroccan women are striving to learn and become
productive citizens in society.
4. Overseas firms are highly encouraged to (investment)…………………….……………..in Morocco.
D. Fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verbs from the list(3pts)
carry on bring up turn down turn off come across bring about
1. Last week, I……………..…..……………..amazing old coins in my grandfather’s drawer.
2. The Mayor ………..……………Tom’s project to recycle trash as he wasn’t professionally
convincing.
3. The orphan was………………………………by his rich aunt, who took charge of him after his
parents’ death.
E. Fill in the blanks with the right linking words from the list:(2 pts)
however due to because despite as a result
1. The tennis match was cancelled …………..………………heavy rain.
2 ………………………………her hard training, her performance is still unsatisfactory.
F. Match the following words to form collocations : (2pt)
1. renewable a. good
2. nuclear b. organisations
3. non-profit c. energies
4. common d. threat
1- ……………… 2- ……………….. 3- …………….…. 4- ……………….
G. What do you say in the following situation ?(1 pts)
Your friend: I am having an awful headache these days. What do you think I should do ?
You :…………………………………….…………………………………………………...( give advice)
III- Writing (10 points)
Your friend is suffering from insomnia .S/he can’t sleep and keeps awake all night. S/he is asking for
your advice .
Write him /her a letter suggesting ways to fight this problem.
94

An Uneven Transaction
Immigration is frequently an uneven transaction. When a scientist from India, a professor from
Guatemala or a physician from the Philippines moves to the U.S.A, America’s gain is the native land’s
loss. Since few American professionals head out to settle elsewhere in the world, the redistribution of
talents serves only to widen the gap between the land of plenty and the lands of poverty. Worse still, the
cycle tends to perpetuate itself: as more people leave their country for the U.S., more are likely to leave,
to join relatives or cash in on connections or simply follow examples.
Though nothing new, brain drain has recently seemed more than ever to be taking from the poor
giving to the rich: whereas 30 years ago most well-qualified newcomers to the U.S. arrived from
Europe, now they stream in from the poorer countries of the Third World. Even among unskilled
workers, the U.S tends to attract the most enterprising – those who are adventurous enough to quit their
homes and strike out for new opportunities in America.
The first to leave are outstanding students who win admission to U.S. universities and who, not
surprisingly, accept challenging jobs and high salaries in America upon their graduation. Each year, for
instance, some 6,000 Taiwan Chinese arrive to study in the U.S.; no more than 20%even return home.
Many of the top achievers at the prestigious Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur are snapped up
by the U.S. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). These students are a treasure to
any country, and it is a shame that their homes sometimes don’t have the resources to nurture and hold
on to them.
No less costly to Third World nations is the steady migration of well- trained professionals in
search of a life, any life, in America. The wage differential between the U.S. and Mexico, for example,
is 15 to 1. For many others, even poverty in the U.S. is preferably to an uneasy prosperity at home: thus
lawyers and doctors form Central America may be found washing cars or working as porters in Miami hotels.
Time, July 8th, 1985
Base all your answers on the text
I- COMPREHENSION (15 points)
1. Are these sentences true or false? Justify your answer form the text. (3 pts)
1. Both America and the native countries of immigrants benefit from immigration.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Most well-qualified immigrants go to the USA from Europe.
……………………………………………………………………………………….………………...…….
3. The majority of the Taiwan Chinese immigrants return to their native country.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
2. Answer these questions according to the text: (3 pts)
1. Give two reasons why immigrants leave their native countries.
………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………..…
2. Give two reasons why immigrants go to the U.S.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Do all the immigrants in the U.S. get good jobs? Explain.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………
3. Complete these statements with the appropriate information from the text. (2 pts)
1. The type of immigration mentioned in the text is referred to as................................................................
2. The U.S NASA snaps up …………………………………………………………………….…………..
4. Pick out from the text what shows that (2 pts)
1. Not many Americans immigrate to other countries
……………………………………………………………………………………...……………………….
2. The writer disapproves of this form of immigration.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Find in the text words or phrases meaning almost the same as: (3 pts)
1. Make bigger (paragraph 1) ... …………………..………..
2. Inexperienced (paragraph 2) ……………………..………
95
3. Excellent (paragraph 3) ……………………….…………
6. What do the underlined words refer to in the text? (2 pts)
1. Those (paragraph 2) ………………………………......
2. Their (paragraph 3) ……………………………………
II- LANGUAGE (15 points)
1. Match the words that go together to make appropriate collocations: (1 pts)
1. Internet a. Technology
2. Information b. Opportunity
3. Equal c. Access
1- …………………..…… 2- ……………………….……… 3- ………………………..……
2. F ill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list: (4 pts)
Sustainable - improve - background - whose - exports - set up
Young people with a good educational (1) …………………..………. are welcome in North America and
Europe, especially those (2) ……………...……….skills are rare and highly appreciated. As for the Third World,
which (3) ……………..…….such valuable brains, governments should (4) …………...………… the working
conditions and encourage their people to stay and help in developing their home countries.
3. Put the verbs in brackets in the right tense: (3 pts)
After my cousin Omar …………………..………… (to study) nuclear Physics for six years, he got his
diploma in 2006. He's been looking for a decent job but in vain. By the end of next June,
he………………………………………… (to be) jobless for about three years. Now, he regrets studying nuclear
Physics and wishes he……………..………………………… (to study) something else.
4. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated: (3pts)
1. A lot of youngsters decide to go abroad because they are jobless. (due to)
…………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………
2. The authorities are taking new measures against illegal immigration.
New measures…………………………………………………………….…………………………………
3. “Solutions can be found if we join efforts;” said a government spokesman.
A government spokesman said …………………………………………………………..…………………
5. G ive the correct form of the words in brackets: (2 pts)
If our (govern) …………………...…………….. wants to (power) women, it has to foster (literate)
……………………………….. programs and cooperative (organize) ………………………………..
6. Match each sentence with its appropriate function: (2 pts)
1. Although many efforts have been made, our environment is still in danger. a. Giving opinion.
b. Expressing advice.
2. You had better stop smoking. c. Concession.
d. Expressing certainty.
1: ………………………………….. 2: ………………..……………………
III- WRITING: (10 points)
Today, brain drain is a serious problem facing the developing world. Write an article to be published in
your school magazine about the major causes and effects of brain drain and suggest some possible
solutions to limit this phenomenon.
These suggestions may help you
 Low wages and salaries
 Lack of dynamic and innovative ideas.
 Discrimination in employment
 Dependence on foreign expertise.
 Search for better living and working conditions
 Financial support/ job opportunities.
96

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Textbook: Ticket 2 English 3hs-5hs/ a week

Level: 2nd year Bac.

UNIT 1 …………………………………… (pp.6-19)

……………….. ………………. ………………. ………………. ………………. …………………

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

Some Youths Some Adults think

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

Express Yourself: Expressing Opinion / Agreement / Disagreement (p.11)

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

5. Fill in the chart with the appropriate expressions.

Disagreeing Agreeing Expressions

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

Practise Writing A Descriptive Paragraph (pp.16-17)

UNIT 1 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH (pp.6-19)

Although he was born and grew up in france Merouane chemmakh is proud of

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

Listen and Speak Requesting (p.25)

6. What requests would you make to other people in these situations?

The hotel receptionist: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

b. You do not know the way to the post office.

c. A passenger is smoking in the train compartment.

The passenger: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

Read and Learn The Magic of Humour (pp.26-27)

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

Read and Learn The Magic of Humour (pp.26-27)

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

a. I am quite sure Youssef hadn’t taken the bike. → Youssef………………………..…………………………..

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

PractiseWriting A Narrative Paragraph (pp.30-31

The main elements of Nadia's story

UNIT 2 HUMOUR (pp.20-35)

UNIT 3 FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (pp.36-49)

…….……………….. population …………………….. medicine …………………….. danger

UNIT 3 FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (pp.36-49)

UNIT 3 FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (pp.36-49)

b. The journalist met Mr. Zhang for an interview.

f. Posters and brochures are used to convince people to study.

g. Posters and brochures are used for convincing people to study.

2. What type of wh-questions do most of the previous sentences answer?

UNIT 3 FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (pp.36-49)

UNIT 3 FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (pp.36-49)

The simple past of the verb to be

14. Put the verbs in the correct tense.

UNIT 3 FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (pp.36-49)

Past Perfect Simple Past

UNIT 3 FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (pp.36-49)

2. Sam (turn) ……………..………….. on the TV after he ( wash) …………………………….….. the dishes.

7. Circle the appropriate adverbial form.

4. I had stayed in the hospital when / by the time / until I recovered.

UNIT 3 FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (pp.36-49)