Thanks to our ambition and hardwork, my

colleague, ( Fatima-Zahra ZOUALI a teacher in

OUEADEAHAB High School , Oujda ), and I ( Fouzia

HASSAS a teacher in LAYMOUNE High School, Berkane ),

were able to make this hamble booklet for our students so

as to make teaching and learning easy and enjoyable.

This booklet is dedicated to our students and all

students who are eager to go beyond classroom tasks and

instructions and become autonomous learners. It is a

TRANSIT from bac learners to bac holders if God willing.

This booklet is a combination of worksheets which

we devised by ourselves others which were taken and

modified from teaching websites and groups. So, we

would like to thank everyone who was a sort of inspiration

for us to make this booklet.

Collocations :
A combination of 2 words. 2 words that go together to convey meaning.
Example : Higher education
Exercise : choose the right collocation from the list to complete the sentences bellow:
- educational system - private schools - gender discrimination - school year - university degree
- equal rights - free access - school uniform - school subject.- basic needs- mixed classes.
University Degree:
1. We should improve our_________________________.
2. English is my favorite ____________________________
3. 2018/2019 was an amazing______________________.
4. Both girls and boys should wear a__________________________.
5. There are many _______________________in Morocco.
6. Organizations call for ___________________________
7. A _________________________will guarantee a job.
8. I have a _______________________to many websites.
9. Women often face __________________________.
10. Most schools in Morocco have ____________________________
11. Food and education are _________________________________
1
 Gerund and Infinitive
When I left my village to a boarding school in the nearest city, I just couldn’t imagine living far away from my
family. My first days at the new school were really hard . I couldn’t help thinking about my friends, my mother’s
delicious meals, and my father’s never-ending comments on the TV news. Gradually, However, I began to get
used to city life , I decided to concentrate more on my studies and stopped thinking too much about my home
village. My new friends and I spent most of our free time either playing football or playing games. We really
enjoyed having fun together and I will never forget this wonderful experience in my life

Read the text and answer the following questions.

1/ why did he leave his hometown?
2/ What are the things he missed when he left home?
3/ How did he get used to his new life away from his family?
Read the text again, and underline all the verbs in the infinitive, all the verbs ending in –ing and verbs in
the infinitive without to.
Classify the verbs into the following chart.

Verbs in the infinitive Verbs ending in -ing Verbs in the infinitive w/t to

…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….

…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….
…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….
…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….
…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….
………………………… …………………………. …………………………

Read the text again , and fill in the chart as suggested.

Verbs before gerunds (-ing) Verbs before full infinitive Verbs before bare infinitive

…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….

…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….
…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….
…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….
…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….
…………………………. …………………………. ………………………….

Choose the right form of the verb.

✓ Liza hates study/ studying/ to study Maths.
✓ The couple chose spend/ to spend/ spending their honeymoon in Canada.
✓ Excuse me, do you mind to clean/ cleaning/ clean the table, please!
✓ Jimmy can to fix / fix/ fixing his toy by himself
Put the verbs between brackets in the right form to complete the paragraph/

“Looking for Love” is an agency that finds partners for single people of any age. Read about Liza.
My name is Liza. I’m a journalist on a local newspaper. I’m single and I’m looking for love.
I like my job but I would like ………..(work) on a national newspaper one day. That’s because I want ………( have)
the opportunity to work abroad.
I have a small group of friends who I’ve known for years. I like………. (go) out and………… (have) fun with
them. We usually go out to parties and nightclubs and restaurants. I also adore……….. (cook) . I’m not very sporty ,
but I love……….. (keep) fit. I stopped…………. (smoke) last year and now I go………. (run) twice a week. I eat lots
of fruits and vegetables and I try not ………..(have) red meat or too much coffee. I prefer men who are interested
in…………. (deal) with serious issues because I like………… (talk) about politics and what’s happening in the
world. However, I also like men with good sense of humor. These characteristics are more important to me than
physical appearance.
Please contact “Looking for Love” if you think you are the kind of person I’m looking for.

2
Making and responding to requests

3
 Making requests

Sure, I will be
John , Would you come to there in a minute
my office, please ? I’ve got
something very important to
tell you about the contract

Certainly, not
It’s cold in here.
Would you mind closing that
window ,please

Making requests Accepting

✓ Would you mind closing that door, please? ✓ Sure , no problem
✓ Would you ..., please? ✓ Yes, that’s fine
✓ ……………………………………………………………………… ✓ …………………………….
✓ ……………………………………………………………………… ✓ …………………………….
✓ ……………………………………………………………………… ✓ ……………………………
✓ ……………………………………………………………………… ✓ …………………………….
✓ ……………………………………………………………………… ✓ …………………………….
✓ ……………………………………………………………………… ✓ …………………………….
✓ ……………………………………………………………………
Declining
✓ I’m afraid I can’t
✓ ………………………………………………………………………
✓ ………………………………………………………………………
✓ ………………………………………………………………………

Make and respond to requests in the following situations.

a. You ask your friend to lend you some money because you are broke.
A: ………………………………………………………………..………………………….…….
B: ………………………………………………………...………………………………..………
b. You are in a hotel, and you are calling the reception asking them to send the room service.
A: ………………………………………………………………………………………………....
B: ………………………………………………………………………….........................……...

4
 ❖ Read the text and do the following tasks
1. Answer the following questions using your words. (2 points)
a) Why do many parents not send their children to school?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) How are the authorities trying to solve this problem?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? (2 points)
a) The problem of truancy is due to the stability of parents’ lives
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) It is very hard to convince children that if they go to school, they will be able to get a job
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Find a word or phrase in the text which, in context, is similar in meaning to: ( 2P)
a) Someone who looks after a relative at home………………………………………..
b) Brothers and sisters………………………………………………………………….
4. Choose, a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (4 P)
1. According to the text,there are thousands of children 3. The Ministry of Education will take away a school's
who grant if ...
a) stay at home doing the housework. a) they do not reach their objectives.
b) live in stable families_ b) they meet their targets.
c) are not registered at any school. c) children escape from school.

2. Part of the problem is... 4. The Home Office ...

a) that people feel very emotional. a) will give money to parents to send children to school.
b) that there are not enough police to pick up truants on b) will punish parents who fail to send their children to
the streets. school.
c) that these children think education is a waste of time. 8 c) has given powers to the police to pick up
5
parents.
 Before you listen, answer the following question:

What kind of relationship may exist between non-formal education and formal education?

1st listening

Listen to part of a radio programme with a specialist in non- formal education and check your answer of
the first question.

2nd listening

Listen again and complete part 1 of the following table.

Part 1 : Characteristics of non- formal education

1………………………………………………………
2………………………………………………………
3………………………………………………………

3rd listening

Listen again and explain the meaning of the following expressions .

A. Non-formal education is a second chance.
B. Non-formal education is a substitute programme.
C. Non-formal education is a complementary programme.

4th listening

Listen again and complete part 2 of the following table.

Part 2 : Characteristics of formal education

1………………………………………………………
2………………………………………………………
3………………………………………………………

6
 In order to write a well-organized piece of writing, Here are some steps to follow:

Brainstorming
Complete the mind map with ideas related to Online Learning. (Definition, benefits, limitations,
tools…)

7
 Freewriting

Write a paragraph about the advantages of online learning.

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Checking
Checklist

8
 Write the final draft of your production
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9
10
Compound adjectives

Examples:

1. Kind-hearted : My grandmother is kind-hearted.

2. Brightly-lit : Classrooms should be brightly-lit.
3. Old-fashioned : BlackBerry is old-fashioned now.
4. Deeply-rooted : Traditions are deeply-rooted in our culture.
5. Good-looking : Amina married a good-looking guy.
6. Labour-saving: Labour-saving machines are a must in the 21st century.
7. Left-handed : Both Nadal and Messi are left-handed.
8. Short-sighted : Short-sighted people must wear glasses.
9. Well-known :Eminem is a well-known rapper.
10. Easy-going : Carrefour has easy-going workers.

11
 Past Perfect
Karim is telling his classmates about his experience in an exchange visit to U.K. “Before I went to
England, I had always thought that I would never adjust to the new culture. But my host family were very
nice people and did everything to make me feel at home. They had redecorated and refurnished my room and
had planned visits to different areas round the country before I arrived. On my first evening my host family
said they had invited some neighbours for dinner to celebrate my arrival. I really had a kind of dream-come-
true feeling. When the neighbours had arrived, dinner was served and we had a very pleasant evening. But I
discovered that the English I had learnt at school was not enough to fully understand what British people say;
however the little English I had learned earlier served as a good start to get further.

Read the text and answer the following question

1)
a. How did the host family make karim feel at home?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
b. How did karim feel about his English?
..…………………………………….................................................................................………......……
2) Read the text again and underline the verbs in simple past then complete the following table.
Simple Past Had+ past participle

2) Read the grammar summary, then put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past perfect.
1. I (go) _________________to bed as soon as I (finish) ________________my homework.
2. Sam (turn) ________________on the TV after he (wash) ________________the dishes.
3. Maria (feed/ already) ________________the cat when she (go) ______________to work.
4. By the time we( get) ________________to the cinema, the film (start/ already) _____

PAST PERFECT CONT ..

12
13
 Expressing lack of understanding
and asking for clarification

Samir : Good morning, Mr. Taylor!

Mr.Taylor: Good morning. Please have a seat. Can I help you?
Samir : Yes, Mr.Taylor. I’d like talk to you about an embarrassing experience I had this weekend.
Mr. Taylor: An embarrassing experience? What do you mean?
Samir : Well, I was invited by a friend of mine for dinner. His family was really nice and hospitable. But
then something happened which made them stare at me.
Mr. Taylor: stare at you? I don’t quite follow you. Could you be more explicit?
Samir : Well, actually, they didn’t seem to like my burping.
Mr.Taylor: Oh my dear, do you mean you burped during the meal ? That’s culturally inappropriate.
Samir : What do you mean by culturally inappropriate?
Mr.Taylor: Well, what I’m trying to say is that what you did is not acceptable in our society.It’s even- sorry to
say the word – disgusting.
Samir : Oh dear! But I was taught in my family to thank God whenever I burp.
Mr. Taylor: Really? In that case, all you’ve got to do is explain the matter to your friend.
Samir : Thanks, Mr.Taylor
Mr.Taylor : You’re welcome

Expressing lack of understanding

I beg your pardon, but I don't quite understand.
 I'm not quite sure I know what you mean.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………….
Asking for clarification Clarifying
 What do you mean by...? Let me explain that
 Could you say that again, please? …………………………………
………………………………………………………….. ………………………………….
………………………………………………………….. ………………………………….
………………………………………………………….. ………………………………….
…………………………………………………………. ………………………………….
.………………………………………………………….. ………………………………….
………………………………………………………….. ………………………………….
………………………………………………………….. ………………………………….
………………………………………………………….. …………………………………..
…………………………………………………………..
choose one of the following situations and write a mini dialogue using directions given to practise
showing lack of understanding and asking for clarification.

A : you are a foreigner who A: you are a doctor telling your

wants to know why people
take off their shoes when
going into the mosque
B: you explain to him the
reason why this should be
done
A: you are an English teacher
patient what medicine to take.
trying to explain the meaning
B; you are a patient who is a bit
of a word.
confused and want more
you are a student who doesn’t
clarification
understand and wants more
clarification?
14
 [1] Americans are very energetic and mobile people,
always in a hurry, rushing from one appointment to another, from a professional meeting to
a social planning committee. They don't have enough time to prepare everyday meals. Nor
can they take their time to have these meals at leisure. In many homes, it is rare for the
whole family to sit down at dinner together. Clubs and commitments force them to take a
quick meal rather than a sit-down dinner. When the family have the chance to eat at home,
the working wife often prefers to prepare meals which can be quickly heated and consumed.
It is not surprising, therefore, that America has become famous for fast food consumption.

[2] This great transformation occurred after World War II when many women began to have full-
time jobs and were spending less time at home with their families. Women, however, wanted to
keep the responsibilities of housewives as well as those of career women. But time became
precious and they had to use it carefully. Therefore, it became necessary to make their life easier
at home when preparing the family meals.

[3] Simultaneously with women entering the job market, TV replaced radio as a new source of
home entertainment. It became the latest fashion in the fifties and no one wanted to miss his or
her favourite TV programme. The place for dinner shifted from the dining room to the living
room.

[4] The change in customs was followed by a change in culture. The immediate solution was the
invention of TV dinners. These were frozen meals which were cut off into portions of meat and
vegetables. They could easily be put into an oven and prepared within minutes. They were served
in tin trays which were carried into the living room and dinner was consumed in front of a TV
set. When dinner was over, the tin trays were thrown in the garbage. So the Tin tray wife didn't
have to do any washing up.

[5] After fast dinners at home, the next step was quick eating while on the road. This was
encouraged by the development of highways. It is not strange that with this development America
saw the beginning of fast food chains. McDonalds paved the way with its variety of burgers and
milkshakes, and was soon followed by other fast food chains. Today dozens of these chains can
be found along highways and in modern shopping malls. They offer pizza, chicken, donuts, and
tacos, all quickly produced in great quantities for the masses. These fast food chains are now part
of the American Highway culture. They have given shape to the modern lifestyles of the
American people. Adapted from www.hexn.com
COMPREHENSION
A. CHOOSE THE BEST TITLE FOR THE PASSAGE.
1. Changes in Americans' eating habits 2. Changes in American history 3. Changes in American media
B. ARE THESE SENTENCES TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY.
1. American families moved dinner to the living room in order to eat comfortably.
2. Fast food chains appeared as a result of the development of highways.
3. McDonalds was the first fast food chain in America.
C. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.
1. Why did many American women begin to spend less time with their families?
2. What did Americans have for TV dinners?
3. Did women have to do the washing up after TV dinners? Explain.
D. PICK OUT FROM THE TEXT SENTENCES OR PHRASES WHICH SHOW THAT
1. American people eat fast food a lot. (paragraph 1)
2. Fast food chains have had an effect on the American culture. (paragraph 5)
E. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS OR PHRASES THAT MEAN THE SAME AS:
1. oblige ………………(prg1): 2. happened ……………..(prg2) 3. finished ………(prg4)
F. WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS IN THE TEXT REFER TO
1. they ……………..(prg1) 2. Those…………… (prg 2) 3.. They …………(prg 5)
15
 Before you listen, discuss the following points with your friends
✓ stereotypes :
a) Give us an appropriate image of different cultures .
b) Can give an exaggerated or a wrong image about different cultures.
c) Lead to a deep understanding of other cultures.

✓ Is there a good culture and a wrong culture? Justify your answer?

✓ You are going to listen to a radio programme about culture , what do you think it is going to
be about : 1. Stereotypes
2. the number of existing cultures
3. culture and race
4. culture and mass media

1st listening
Listen to PART 1 of the programme and check your answers

2nd listening
Listen to PART 1 again and complete these sentences.
1. Race refers to skin colour but culture is about ……………………………………………………………….
2. After a long conflict b/w the French culture and the British culture in Canada ,………………………………
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………..

3rd listening
Listen to PART 2 and say whether the following statements are true or false .

1. Stereotypes are used because it is difficult to understand all the existing cultures.
2. Stereotypes make our understanding of other cultures difficult.
3. Cultural differences are negative and should not be tolerated.
Listen again to correct the false ones.

Further discussion :
How can cultural diversity empower or weaken a country?

16
 Read the paragraph and fill in the burger organizer with the letters of each sentence

Recommend the best tourist destination in Morocco to a one of your pen friends. Complete
this paragraph:

I think the best tourist destination is …………………………….. There are many reasons
why people enjoy visiting this city. First, …………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………

17
 Qualities
Talent Audacity
of youth

Ambition Vigor
Creativity

Fill in the chart . Then complete the sentences with a NOUN / Adjective .

Nouns Adjective

A. Talent A…………….. 1. Tom can play all musical instruments. He is really………………..

B. Creativity B ……………..
C. Vigor C…………….. 2. He has an ………………..……….to study Medicine at university.
D. Adventure D……………..
E. Ambition E…………….. 3. climbing mountais was my last ……………..……………………
F. Enthusiastic F……………..
4. He is very …………………………….…….. to start his new job.

Young people in Morocco nowadays

Are / seem to be Suffer from want/ need Want to
+ noun + noun + verb
(+) Adjective (-) Adjective
• polite / nice • impolite / rude • oppression • freedom • emigrate ( abroad )
• open-minded / tolerant • antisocial / strict / • unemployment • employment • work
• sociable / easygoing reserved • poverty • opportunities • participate
• smart / intelligent • foolish / stupid • injustice • recognition • travel
• knowledgeable / well- • ignorant / dull • drug addiction • justice • change ( everything)
informed • clumsy / unskilled • ignorance • equality • express ( opinion )
• Talented/gifted • lazy/overdependent • illiteracy • education • volunteer
/skilled • irresponsible / • homelessness • involvement • be (recognized )
• hardworking /self- immature / childish • violence • participation • be (respected )
• reliant • incompetent / • corruption • peace • be ( recognized )
• responsible / mature unqualified • marginalization • love • be ( leaders )
• competent / qualified /unreliable • affection • be ( free , loved )
/ reliable fearful / insecure • shelter • be ( involved )
• adventurous / • inconsiderate / • respect • be ( participants )

confident careless • change/ reforms

• thoughtful / careful • selfish / useless • marriage
• selfless / helpful • pessimistic /
• optimistic / patient impatient
• active / energetic • lazy / passive
• strong / friendly / • weak / aggressive /
• disrespectful
• obedient / respectful
18
 PHRASAL VERBS
A. Read the text and answer the following question :

What did Mourad learn from his father ?

Mourad is brought up in a small family. He is a very well organized boy and knows how to
manage his time. When he gets back home from school, he takes off his clothes, puts on his
pyjamas and lies down to get some rest. After dinner, he goes up to his room and goes over his
lessons or does his homework. From time to time, and especially on weekends, he goes out for
a walk with friends. Everyone who knows Mourad feels that he takes after his father in
everything. Mourad himself admits that his father is his model.

B. Read the text again and underline all phrasal verbs and then write them in column A
C. Macth the phrasal verbs in column A with their corresponding meanings in column B :
A B

1. a. return
2. b. relax / rest
3. c. rise / educate
4. d. go outside
5. e. resemble
6. f. revise
7. g. go upstairs

D. Fill in each blank with one of the phrasal verbs from the text.

1. You have to --------------------------- your shoes before entering the Mosque.

2. I must ------------------------ my lessons this evening because we’ll have a test tomorrow.
3. ------------------------ something warm if you want to go out. It’s very cold outside.
4. Amina -------------------------- her mother. They both have blue eyes.
5. As he was tired, he ------------------------------ on the sofa for a siesta.
E. Complete the phrasal verbs by filling the gaps with the correct prepositions.
✓ I don't know where my book is. I must look …….. it.
✓ Fill……. the form, please.
✓ The music is too loud. Could you turn ………. the volume, please?
✓ Quick, get ……… the bus or you'll have to walk home.
✓ Turn ………….the lights when you go to bed.
✓ Do you mind if I switch ……… the TV? I'd like to watch the news.
✓ The dinner was ruined. I had to throw it ………. .
✓ When you enter the house, take …………….. your shoes and put …………. your slippers.
✓ If you don't know this word, you can look it ………….. in a dictionary.
F. Complete the sentences
passed away, do without, look forward to, called off, made up, carried away, break out, run out, put up with,
keep up.
✓ Don't smoke in the forest. Fires …………………easily at this time of the year.
✓ I ………………… seeing my friends again.
✓ I'm afraid; we have ………………… of apple juice. Will an orange juice do?
✓ Your website has helped me a lot to ………………… the good work.
✓ A friend of mine has ………………… her wedding.
✓ His mother can't ………………… his terrible behavior anymore.
✓ As an excuse for being late, she ………………… a whole story.
✓ I got ………………… by his enthusiasm.
✓ I just cannot ………………… my mobile. I always keep it with me.
✓ she was very sad because her father………………… last week.
19
20
 Making and responding to complaints

Customer : Sorry ; I have a complaint.

Bank clerk: Yes ,Madam. What’s the matter?
Customer : Well, I wanted to draw some money from the ATM this morning and the machine
got stuck.
Bank clerk : Oh , I’m sorry about that . You should have called us then. Our technician might
have helped.
Customer : Well, I did. He said he’d come down but he didn’t come. I telephoned again. He
finally turned up.
Bank clerk : But he did fix it in the end. Right?
Customer : Well, yes.
Bank clerk : and you drew your money and got back your credit card?
Customer : That’s right.
Bank clerk : Well, it turned out all right , then?
Customer : I’m afraid to say no. I had to wait for half an hour. That’s not good enough.
Bank clerk : Oh ! I’m sorry about that .We’ll make sure this will never happen again.

Making complaints
I I have a complaint to make. ...
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….

Accepting a complaint
 I’m so sorry, but this will never happen again.
 …………………………..………………………………………….
 …………………………..………………………………………….
 …………………………..………………………………………….
 …………………………..………………………………………….

Rejecting a complaint
 …………………………..………………………………………….
 …………………………..………………………………………….
 …………………………..………………………………………….

What would you say in the following situations:

You usually tidy up ……………………………………… You bought a new book

your desk before leaving ………………………………………. from a bookshop. When
to school, but when you you returned home you
return home you find it discovered that some
in a terrible mess. pages are missing.
Complain to your ……………………………………… complain to the
mother …………………………………….. bookshop owner.
21
 1 Touria Chaoui is the first Moroccan and Arab young woman to consider flying. Daughter of an
intellectual and a forward-thinking father, she successfully became a female pilot, a hero for so many girls
in the Kingdom at a time when the French protectorate was still taking control of the country. However,
Touria’s success story and glorious achievement took a tragic turn when she was only 19 years old in a
mysterious incident.
2 Touria is now resting at the Ahl Fas cemetery in Casablanca next to her father’s lonely grave. Born in Fes
on the 14th of December, 1936, she was the eldest daughter of the Chaoui couple, Abdelwahed and Zina. The
father who was one of the few French-speaking journalists, a theater director and a figure of nationalism in
the colonized Kingdom has raised his only daughter as a boy.
3 Moving to Casablanca has also been a turning point in the life of the young girl. According to an article
issued by Zamane in 2012, the Fasi family left the northern city for Casablanca in 1948. Once in Casablanca,
Touria and her youngest brother «rubbed shoulders with the greatest figures of the Moroccan nationalist
movement, such as Allal El Fassi and Ahmed Balafrej, thanks to their father a well-respected intellectual»,
recalled the history magazine.
4 Touria, and unlike girls her age at the époque, was dreaming of becoming a pilot. She wanted to fly, a
dream that her father respected and worked on realizing. In 1951, and after graduating high school, the
journalist enrolled his daughter into the aviation school based in Tit Mellil. As hard and unusual as it sounded
at the time, Touria was the only first Moroccan girl to step in the aviation school reserved for the French
Forces. Historical accounts suggest that her enrollment was fought and that she had to struggle to be finally
accepted at the aviation program.
5 By the age of 15, Touria received her aviation license and her story became a national pride.
According to Centennial of Women Pilots, a platform that celebrates female pilots, «in 1952, Touria was
actually the first aviatrix from the Arab world».
6 On the 1st of March 1956, one day before the signing of the independence decree, Touria Chaoui
couldn’t escape her killer. Historical sources suggest that she was killed by Ahmed Touil, a man with a troubled
past who was involved in nationalist resistance and who was rumored of being in love with the 19-year-old
aviatrix. Regardless of speculations, Touria’s death is still a mystery.

C. ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY.

Touria’s father belonged to the Moroccan nationalist movement.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Touria was enrolled in the aviation school when she finished secondary school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Touria was killed on the day of the signing of the independence decree.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
D. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
Touria was only 19 years old when …………………………………………………...........................
Not only was her father a …………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………..………in order to be accepted at the aviation program.
E. PICK OUT FROM THE TEXT SENTENCES OR PHRASES WHICH SHOW THAT:
Morocco was still colonized when Touria became a pilot.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Touria was raised as the opposite gender.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
It is unfamiliar to have girls enrolled in aviation programs at that time.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
F. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS THAT MEAN THE SAME AS:
- modern ……………………………… …………………………(parag 1)
- come into contact with ………………………………………(parag 3)
- declaration………………………………………………………(parag 6)
G. WHAT DO THE UNDERLINED WORDS REFERS TO:
figures ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
it …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

22
 Before you listen, discuss the following points with your friends
✓ Think about the things you you are excellent at and how these will help you achieve a successful career in
the future.
✓ You are going to listen to successful experiences of four gifted teenagers from Canada:
Sami Obaid 17 , Heather Muir 19 , Keith Peiris 18 , and Maren Beeston 17.

1st listening
✓ Listen to these teenagers and match each one with his/ her corresponding interest.

Name Area of interest

1. Sami Obaid a.Music
2. Heather Muir b.Science and Sports
3. Keith Peiris c.Information technology
4. Maren Beeston d.Voluntary work

2nd listening
✓ Listen to Sami Obaid and say whether the following statements are true or false.
1. Sami Obaid has no time for leisure activities.
2. Sami’s motive was to become a famous scientist.

3rd listening
✓ Listen to Heather Muir and answer the following questions.
1. Why did Heather Muir become a dedicated volunteer or the Canadian Blood Service?
2. Why was the ‘students Only Blood Clinic ‘ organized by the Canadian Blood Service?

4th listening
✓ Listen to Keith Peiris and fill in the table with appropriate information.
1. Age at which Keith started his company …………………………………………………….
2. Date of the foundation of the company. …………………………………………………….
3. Number of employees in the company . …………………………………………………….
4. Date of Keith’s business mission to China. …………………………………………………….

5th listening
✓ Listen to Maren Beeston and complete the following paragraph.
I addressed this challenge ………………….Summer Slam, A summer rock music school that
(2)………………..on guitar , piano, drums and vocals . I successfully (3)………………..and led a
committee of youth to budget , fundraise and (4)……………………this project.

Further discussion
✓ Think of how you can achieve something important for your personal life or your community based on
your best qualities , and share your ideas with your friends.

23
 3rd listening
✓ Listen to Heather Muir and answer the following questions.
3. Why did Heather Muir become a dedicated volunteer or the Canadian Blood Service?
4. Why was the ‘students Only Blood Clinic ‘ organized by the Canadian Blood Service?
4th listening
✓ Listen to Keith Peiris and fill in the table with appropriate information.
5. Age at which Keith started his company …………………………………………………….
6. Date of the foundation of the company. …………………………………………………….
7. Number of employees in the company . …………………………………………………….
8. Date of Keith’s business mission to China. …………………………………………………….

5th listening
✓ Listen to Maren Beeston and complete the following paragraph.
I addressed this challenge ………………….Summer Slam, A summer rock music school that
(2)………………..on guitar , piano, drums and vocals . I successfully (3)………………..and led a
committee of youth to budget , fundraise and (4)……………………this project.

Further discussion
✓ Think of how you can achieve something important for your personal life or your community based on
your best qualities , and share your ideas with your friends.

24
 Free/ emancipated
Oppressed/ enslaved Outspoken /dignified
Silenced/marginalized Actively involved
Uneducated/illiterate Educated/ literate
Insecure/ dependent Celebrated/independent
Underestimated ******************

***************** Equal opportunities

Stereotypes/ sexism More career options
Prejudice / violence A lot of potential
Patriarchy / ignorance Equality
Polygamy /illiteracy
Fear/ criticism
Sexual harassment
Early marriage

25
26
 Passive Voice

We can only form a The passive voice is

We use the passive
voice when we don’t
know who did the
action or the action
itself is more
important.
passive sentence from
an active sentence
when there is an
object in the active
sentence.
less usual than the
active voice. But
sometimes a statement
in passive is more
polite than in active
voice.
The passive is formed
with the verb to be
and the past participle
of the main verb.

Present Simple am / is / are + past participle The office is cleaned every day.

Past Simple was / were + past participle The office was cleaned at 5 o’clock.

Present Perfect have / has been + past participle The office has already been cleaned.

Future Simple will be + past participle The office will be cleaned tonight.

Subject Verb Object

Active Picasso painted Guernica.

Passive Guernica was painted by Picasso.

Subject Verb Agent

1. Mary Put the sentences

closed the windowinbecause
the passive
it was cold.
_ _ voice.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. We have eaten all the bread.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______
3. My grandma will bake a cheesecake on Sunday.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. The students play basketball.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. They produce movies in England.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6. A postman has just delivered a letter for me.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7. They are announcing the winner now.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8. Shakespeare wrote ‘Romeo and Juliet’.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9. I make my bed every day.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
10. Al and Sue were playing football.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
27
 TENSE ACTIVE VOICE
PRESENT SIMPLE The teacher punishes me.
The teacher punishes the boy.
The teacher punishes the boys.
PRESENT The teacher is punishing me.
CONTINUOUS The teacher is punishing the boy.
The teacher is punishing the boys.
PAST SIMPLE The teacher punished me.
The teacher punished the boys.
PAST The teacher was punishing me.
CONTINUOUS The teacher was punishing the boys.
PRESENT PERFECT The teacher has punished me.
The teacher has punished the boy.
PAST PERFECT The teacher had punished me.
The teacher had punished the boys.
FUTURE SIMPLE The teacher will punish me.
The teacher will punish the boys.
GOING TO FUTURE The teacher is going to punish me.
The teacher is going to punish the boys.
CONDITIONAL The teacher would punish me.
The teacher would punish the boys.
MODALS The teacher can punish me.
The teacher could punish me.
The teacher may punish me.
The teacher might punish me.
The teacher must punish me.
The teacher had to punish me.
The teacher shall punish me.
The teacher should punish me.
The teacher ought to punish me.
PASSIVE VOICE
I am punished by the teacher.
The boy is punished by the teacher.
The boys are punished by the teacher.
I am being punished by the teacher.
The boy is being punished by the teacher.
The boys are being punished by the teacher.
I was punished by the teacher.
The boys were punished by the teacher.
I was being punished by the teacher.
The boys were being punished by the
teacher.
I have been punished by the teacher.
The boy has been punished by the teacher.
I had been punished by the teacher.
The boys had been punished by the teacher.
I will be punished by the teacher.
The boys will be punished by the teacher.
I am going to be punished by the teacher.
The boys are going to be punished by the
teacher.
I would be punished by the teacher.
The boys would be punished by the teacher,
I can be punished by the teacher.
I could be punished by the teacher.
I may be punished by the teacher.
I might be punished by the teacher.
I must be punished by the teacher.
I had to be punished by the teacher.
I shall be punished by the teacher.
I should be punished by the teacher.
I ought to be punished by the teacher.
28
 Apologising
Andy : Excuse me, Sir.
Teacher : Why are you so late, Andy?
Andy : I am very sorry, but I got a traffic jam.
Teacher : Really? You told me the same thing every time you came late.
Andy : But, Sir. I was really trapped in the traffic jam. I do apologize.
Teacher : Next time, please come earlier, otherwise you will miss the lesson.
Andy : Ok, sir. I promise!
Teacher : Good! Then you may have a seat.

Apologising Accepting an apology

 I do apologize for... That’s okay
I must apologize for... That’s all right
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………
……………………………………… ………………………………………

Make appologies to the following situations

1. You had an appointment to meet your girl friend, but you were late because of the traffic jam
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You have lost your friend’s ticket to a concert.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. You have let your friend copy your answers to the homework but all the answers were wrong
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. You borrowed a book from a friend a few days ago. You promised to give it back today, but you
forgot to bring it. Your friend really needs the book because he is going to have a test tomorrow.
Apologize to him and offer the solution.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

29
 Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms entitled to any person, regardless of economic
status, nationality, jurisdiction, age, ability, ethnicity, and sex. These basic rights are the right to life,
freedom, equality, justice, and freedom of thought and expression. Gender inequality is present in every
society and remains a major obstacle for development. It results from cultural traditions, beliefs, and
political interests that promote rigid gender roles and encourage the unequal treatment of women.
Critical issues for women differ drastically by region and country, and women who are
disadvantaged by economic status, racism, homophobia, ableism (discrimination against people with
disabilities) and other factors, face multiple oppressions. Although inequalities exist among women too,
women share in the lived experience of sexism (discrimination and stereotyping that oppresses women)
and patriarchy (a system where males are dominant). Feminists are people working to end sexism and
put an end to discrimination against women .
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is
an important international human rights treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in
1979. CEDAW defines discrimination against women and sets an agenda for national action to end such
discrimination. However, women have been fighting for gender equality in organized ways for years. As
early as the mid 19th century, Western feminists fought for the recognition of women as “persons”
entitled to vote in elections, or to receive an advanced education; later, feminists fought for shared
responsibility of unpaid housework and childrearing, for non-discrimination in the workplace and to
earn equal pay for equal work, for women’s autonomy and reproductive rights, proper health care, and
an end to widespread violence against women. Today, women’s rights organizations continue to do
important work in these areas.
Women’s rights are human rights and progress in human rights will not be made until one half of
the population’s rights are met. The achievement of human rights for all is an ongoing battle, it is the
role of citizens, communities, grassroots organizations, and governments, as well as the United Nations,
to prevent human rights violations, raise awareness of human rights and responsibilities, secure respect
for all human rights, and promote international cooperation to protect human rights.

Read the text and do the following tasks:

A. Answer true or false and justify
1. Discrimination against women is only limited to some underdeveloped societies
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Western feminist first defended women right as human being then started asking for equal treatments
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Women alone are responsible to defend Women’s rights 54
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
B. Answer these questions
1. What types of discrimination are mentioned in the text?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. What is the ultimate goal of feminism?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Give three examples of women’s rights from the text ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Who is responsible for the protection of both women’ rights and human rights?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
C. what do the underlined words in the text refer to?
1. it : ……………………………………….
2. these areas : ………………………………………

Listening activity
3. one half of the population : ……………………….

30
 Before you listen, discuss the following questions with your friends
✓ Have you ever heard of the ‘Global Summit of Women ‘ ?
✓ What do you think it might be about?
✓ How can such an event contribute to the empowerment of women?

1st listening
✓ Listen to PART 1 of an interview conducted by ‘ enterprising Women magazine and answer these
questions
1. Who is Irene Natividad?
2. What is the Global Summit of Women about?

2nd listening
✓ Listen again to PART 1 and say whether these statements are true or false , then correct the false ones.

Statements T F Correction of the False Statements

1.The first Global Summit of Women was …………………………………………………..

held fourteen years ago.
2.The global Summit of women insists on ………………………………………………….
problems
3.Irene has been contributing to the Summit …………………………………………………..
for ten years.

3rd listening
✓ Listen to PART 2 and tick the correct answer.
1. The first Arab Women’s Ministrial Roundtable was held in :
1 . Tunisia
2 . Morocco
3 . Jordan
4 . Egypt

✓ Listen again and answer these questions:

1. How often is the Summit held?
2. Why have the Summit organizers started to contact women through the internet.

4th listening
✓ Listen to both PART1 and PART 2 and complete these sentences with ideas from the listening text.
1. The global Summit of Women was created in order to …………………………………………………………..
2. The best moments for Natividad were those when she watched………………………………………………….
3. Now, almost all registrations for the Summit come through…………………………………………………….

31
 Some students think that playing video games is
an entertaining pastime.Others believe that this
hobby is a waste of time.
Write an article to your school magazine in
which you give arguments of the two
standpoints.

……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
32
33
 Future Perfect

2 By 5: 00 PM, I will have 1

finished the project.

By the time your father arrives

home, we will have prepared
dinner.

Adverbials used with future perfect:

- This time next week / year/ Sunday, etc.
- By 2050 / seven o’clock / this evening, etc.
- Before Tuesday / July / 2030, etc.
- In ten years time / in two weeks time, etc.

Supply the correct form of the verbs between

brackets. Use the future perfect simple. By the time I’m 50, I will have…
1- By the end of the year, I (save) ………………… . had two kids.
……………………… £5oo. . bought a house in Moscow.
2- By this time next year, my father (spend) ….. . learned Russian, but I won’t
…………………………………… five years in France. have retired yet.
3- Scientists (possibly/develop) ………………………
………………………… a new vaccine for AIDS in twenty
years time.
4- They (arrive) ………………………………………… in
Canada by now.
5- By the end of this week, I (revise) ……………….
Will have + Past participle
……………………………….. all my Maths lessons.
6- When you get to the airport, Paul (already/arrive)
……………………………………………
7- I (leave) …………………………………….. by seven.
8- Kate (not finish) ………………………………………… We use the future perfect simple…
……………………….the essay by the weekend.
9- At this time next year, they (build) ………………
1 for actions which will have been completed
…………………………….. a new hospital in our city.
10- Peter (perfect) ………………………………………… before a specific point in the future.
his English by the time he comes back from London. By 5:00 PM, I will have finished the project
11- In five years time I (graduate).....................
………………………………….. from university. 2 for an action that will have been completed
12- I think Jane (receive) ……………………………….. before another action in the future. The verb
……………………. my letter by Tuesday. describing the second action is in the simple
13- He (live) ……………………………………………… for 10 present.
By the time your father arrives home, we will
years in Rome by next July.
have prepared dinner.

34
Opinion / Agreement / Disagreement

Hannah: In my opinion, the good school is the one that makes a balance
between discipline and fun.
Amy: I completely agree with you, Hannah. Too much focus on discipline
can make a school like a prison, and excessive focus on fun makes it a park
rather than a school. So balance is better.
Paul: I’m sorry to say this, but I totally disagree with you. What is the point
of fun in a school? To my mind, the good school is the one where you don’t
have to study such useless subjects as foreign languages.
Amy: I don’t agree with you, Paul. I think foreign languages are very
important nowadays.
Hannah: You are right Amy. There is no good school that doesn’t teach
foreign languages today.

Expressions of opinion
Asking for opinion Expressing opinion
✓ What do you think of....? ✓ I think......I believe that......
✓ .......................................................................... ✓ ...........................................................
✓ .......................................................................... ✓ ...........................................................
✓ ......................................................................... ✓ ...........................................................
✓ ......................................................................... ✓ ...........................................................
✓ ......................................................................... ✓ ...........................................................
✓ ......................................................................... ✓ ...........................................................
Expressions of agreement/ disagreement
Expressing agreement Expressing disagreement
✓ I quite agree with you..... ✓ I don’t think so..../ No way/
✓ ....................................................................................... ✓ ...........................................................
✓ ....................................................................................... ✓ ..........................................................
✓ ....................................................................................... ✓ ..........................................................
✓ ....................................................................................... ✓ ..........................................................
✓ ....................................................................................... ✓ ..........................................................
✓ ....................................................................................... ✓ ...........................................................

In pairs, make a conversation following the chart below.

Student A Student B
Private schools are better than public
Agree
ones (Express opinion).
French is easier than English (Express
Disagree
opinion)

35
 Before you read , answer the following questions:

1 . What can you say about the difference between science and technology ?
2 . How have science and technology been of benifit ( useful ) to you
3. Which of the following people can you recognize ?
a) Who are they ? b) Where are they from ? c) What are they famous for ?

a) ………………. a) ………………….. a) ………………….. a) …………..….

b)……………….. b)………………….. b)………………….. b)……………….
c)……………….. c)…………………... c)…………………... c)…………..…
………...

I have believed for a while that mobiles, mobile phone masts and another technology is harmful to our health,
due to the exposure of radiation. Scientists at the very least think mobile phones should be used as little as
possible. They think it is better to be cautious about using mobiles and a lot of scientists believe they are harmful
to your health. Mobile phones are particularly bad for children. The phone companies will tell you that they are
safe. But remember they are selling a product so they are hardly going to put you off buying their product by
telling you it is unsafe. Where there is a lot of money involved there tends to be corruption. So don't think that
they or the government, who get a tax of the money from the use of masts and mobile phones that are put up,
have your best interests in mind.
After all people said that smoking, asbestos, a medication called Thalidomide, pesticides and so on were
either safe or wouldn't cause you serious harm. However they were wrong as they caused cancer, disability and
terrible illnesses.
I think technology will be to the next generation what drink, smoking and drugs have been to previous
generations. In fact research claims mobile phones could kill more people than smoking.
Wireless (wi-fi) can cause headaches, nausea, tiredness and memory loss in some people. Technology can be
particularly hazardous if you are sensitive to it. We have so much technology now there is 24 hour television,
computers, Nintendo games, phones and so on. It is not just mobiles but Dect phones (cordless) too and on top
of all this there is wireless as well.
Electrical gadgets in the bedroom can also cause sleep problems. It is best to have no electronic items in your
bedroom. But if you can't do without them at least make sure you don't have a computer, cordless phone or
mobile in your bedroom or at least make sure that are turned off. Cordless phones emit a high amount of
radiation this is because they have to be on all the time so that the phone can be charged up. If you didn't do
this the phone wouldn't work. So keep your technology use to a limited amount of time each day. Particularly
keep your use of mobile phones to a minimum and use a landline instead, because mobile phones can cause
cancerous brain tumours if they are used for a long period of time over the years.
Always remember that your health is very important as you might find you are unable to return to good health
once you have lost it.
To find out more about protecting yourself from these dangers visit www.wiredchild.org.
http://www.childrenswebmagazine.com/Technology%20and%20your%20Health.html (slightly adapted)

36
 ❖ Say if the following statements are True or False. Correct the false ones.

1. The author of the text is against the use of technology.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. We should use mobile phones as much as possible.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Scientists consider mobile phones shouldn’t be used by children.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Scientists and phone companies’ opinion on mobile security diverge.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Research claims smoking kills much more than mobile phone use.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Electrical appliances in the bedroom are advisable.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
❖ D) Answer the following questions about the text.

1. What’s the author’s position about the use of technology?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Why do phone companies say mobile phone use is safe?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Which symptoms may wireless cause in human beings?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Why does the author advise us not to have turned on wireless gadgets in our bedrooms?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Which possible hazard may excess use of mobiles cause?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Which piece of advice does the author give at the end of the text?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
❖ Further discussion

1. Have you got a mobile phone?

2. How many hours a day do you spend talking on your mobile?
3. Could you do without it?
4. What’s your opinion about the subject raised in the text?
5. Have you ever felt some of the symptoms the text refers?
6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones?
7. Are you worried about radiation from your mobile phone?
8. At what age do you think you should be allowed to have a mobile phone?
9. What could happen if mobile phones were banned?
10. Does technology bring happiness to people’s lives?
37
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40
 Conditionals

expresses true or very probable situation

in the present or future.
If + Present Simple, Future Simple
Imperative
can/may/might/
must/should
+ bare infinitive
If it is sunny, we will go to the beach.
If you need help, ask me.
If you do your homework, you can go out.
If you go hiking, you must wear hiking
boots.
1.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
verbs.
1. If Dave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, invite) me to his
birthday party, I would feel disappointed.
2. We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (stay) at home if it snows
3. tomorrow. expresses untrue or improbable situations
4. Kevin wouldn’t have moved to Britain if he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the present or future.
_ _ _ (find) a decent job here. If + Past Simple, would/could/
5. If I knew Diana’s address, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (send) her might
a valentine card. + bare infinitive
5. My cousin would play video games all day long if his If I had more free time, I would take up
parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (allow) him to. gardening.
6. Kate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (call) you if she had known you If I won a lot of money in a lottery, I
were ill. might give some to charity.
7. If you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (be) cold, you can put on
warm socks and a bathrobe.
2. Rewrite the following sentences so that the meaning
stays the same.
1. My father didn’t get a loan from the bank. So he
expresses unreal, impossible situations in
could not buy a new car
the past.
3. Dr Falahi didn’t get a visa . He could not attend the
If + Past Perfect, would have
conference in France
+ past participle
5. I don’t have enough money, so I can’t but a new
If I had seen Robert, I would have talked
laptop
to him.
6. I don’t have a modem , so I can’t have access to the
Internet.
7. Yassine had a terrible accident because he didn’t stop
at the red light
8. Kamal doesn’t have a driving license, so he can’t drive
his father’s car.
9. I had a bad mark at the test because I didn’t prepare
well
10. She didn’t have an umbrella, so she got wet.

41
1. Look at the title , then read the first and last paragraphs of the text and answer the following question:
✓ What’s the writer’s purpose?
2. Before reading the text , write 3 questions that you think might be answered in the text.
✓ ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
✓ ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
✓ ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Read the text and check whether your questions were answered or not .
4. Without looking at the text , correct the following statements , the go back to the text to check your answers
a. All you have to do to add happiness and misery to your life is to remove humour.
b. If you laugh a lot people who don’t have a good sense of humour will start befriending you.
c. It’s quite easy to change people who have no sense of humour.

42
 Before you listen ,explain the following proverbs , then share your ideas with your friends
“ laughter is the best medicine”
“Laughter is the shortest distance between people”

1st listening
✓ Listen to this interview and choose the best answer.
1. This interview was given in
a. A TV talk show
b. A radio programme
c. A magazine
2. In the interview, Dr. Steve Wilson
a. Speaks about his own experience as a specialist in humour and laughter
b. Shows the negative sides of humour and laughter
c. Talks about the importance of humour and laughter.

2nd listening
✓ Listen to the interview again and say whether these statements are true or false
1. For Dr Wilson, human beings are not the only creatures to own the ability to laughand smile.
2. In his interview , Dr Wilson believes that laughter and humour can be used interchangeably.
3. According to Dr. Wilson, using humour with some people in some particular situations can ometimes be
inappropriate .

3rd listening
✓ Listen again and fill in the blanks with one appropriate word.
1. A sense of humour is the _______________to see the __________elements in a situation.
2. The power of ____________to help foster and create ____________between people in such an important
point.
3. Laughter is almost always the_____________response to _______________.
4. The use of humour is not necessarily always _______________. It has to be appealing to the
_______________of the individual.

Follow up activity
✓ Without listening, complete the fllowing sentences with ideas from the interview:
1. The health benefits of laughter can be compared to .............................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
2.3. It’s much easier to measure ……………………………………………………………….…………………..
……………………………………………………………………………..........................................…

❖ Benefits of humour and laughter

43
44
 Who is a good citizen? What is citizenship?
Here are some definitions of ‘citizenship’. Which one do you opt for? Say why.

a. ‘Citizenship’ refers to being a citizen; that is, being a member of a particular country.
b. Citizenship’ refers to being a good neighbor and active member of your community.
c. A good citizen performs his/her civic duty.
d. A good citizen protects the environment.
e. Citizenship’ refers to participation in public life ; that is, the behaviour and actions of a citizen.

❖ Read the following statements and write ( R) for citizen Rights and (D) for citizen Duties.

1. To respect others and show dignity for them. 11. To have a job.
2. To be tolerant; to respect other people’sopinions. 12. To be respected.
3. To obey (= respect) the law. 13. To do your personal best.
4. To have where to live. 14. To earn your livelihood
5. To volunteer in your community. 15. To respect the norms and the accepted
6. To respect the environment. standards of social behavior.
7. To have access to health care. 16. To have a say in what happens
8. To be safe and free to move. 17. To respect the flag of your country.
9. To have access to education. 18. To have freedom of speech/ expression.
10. To vote. 19. To be altruistic; To help the poor people.

1. Whenever King Mohammed VI makes a speech to the

nation .the …………………………..is sung before and after
his speeches.
2 .A good citizen is not selfish. S/he works for
the……………………………,activities that are beneficial
most members of society.

3. Kamal is an ………… ……………..…..He always does……………..… …………in hospitals, or centers

for the elderly,
4 .Bill and Melinda Gate foundation is a ……… …………………………. It provides help to people in need.
5. A large number of Moroccan citizens living and working abroad have a
……………………………………………………..;that of the host country and that of their home country.
6. Voting in elections is a right but also a ………………………………………………….…
45
 TENSES CHANGES
REPORTED
FROM TO
SPEECH simple present simple past
Simple past
present perfect past perfect REPORTING VERBS
With REPORTED SPEECH you past perfect
generally inform someone else of what other will would some of them are:
people just said, ordered, suggested, offered, present continuous past continu 1. for statements
asked… said to sb that…
past continuous
This speech is often done in a
past perfect cont  told sb that…./to
different place and usually on a different day so present perfect
you need to make some changes: continuous +inf
past perfect continuous
1. PRONOUNS  apologize for +
2. VERB TENSES (except conditionals and past EXPRESIONS OF TIME CHANGES
perfects). Also, if we are reporting something gerund
that was said but it is still true we don’t need to this (afternoon) that (afternoon) promised to + inf
move the tense back. “ I love Paul”. She said
today/this day that day 2. for questions
she loves Paul  asked sb if / wh-
these (days) those (days)
3. WORDS REFERRING TO A PARTICULAR TIME
OR PLACE
now then  enquired
These changes apply to all kind of a (year) ago a (year) before  wondered
last (week) the (week) before/ the
sentences on condition that the introductory
previous (week)  wanted to know
verb is in the SIMPLE PAST.
next (week) the following (week)  was curious to know
tomorrow the next/following day 3. for commands
SENTENCES CHANGES
 ordered sb to + inf
REPORTED STATEMENTS REPORTED SUGGESTIONS  ask sb to + inf
reporting verb+ that+ finite verb  told sb to + inf
reporting verb +(that)+ sentence with
the necessary changes
+ should + infinitive requested
+ gerund
begged sb to + inf
“ I will not go to the park tomorrow”, he said “Why don´t we go to the park” he suggested 4.for offers and
to me He suggested that we go to the park suggestions
He said to me (that) he wouldn’t go to the we should go to the park
park the next day going to the park  offered sb to+ inf
 suggested
REPORTED QUESTIONS
REPORTED COMMANDS
1. yes/no questions IMPERSONAL REPORTS
reporting verb+ to (not to)+ infinitive reporting verb+ (obj)+ if/whether We can report what people generally say or
+sentence (not in the interrogative form) think using PASSIVE REPORT VERBS.
There are two structures:
“ “Sit down!, the teacher told me
The teacher told me to sit down “Are you hungry?” She asked it+ that clause
“ Don’t speak so fast”, He begged me She asked me If I was hungry subject+ to + inf
He begged me not to speak so fast 2. wh- questions “People say he is a thief”
reporting verb+(obj)+wh-+ sentence (not It is said /known/ that he is a thief
in the interrogative form) He is said/known/ believed to be a
Transform the following sentences thief
“How old are you?” He wanted to know
 He wanted to know how old I was
• Questions
• Statements
• Commands/Suggestions 1. “Are you leaving tomorrow?”. He
1. “I don’t know what she is doing”. He • Offers
said. ____________________________ asked her_______________________
1.“Wait outside. I’ll tell you when to come 2. “Can you help me with my
2. “I can’t speak as many languages as you
in”. He told the boys_________________ homework?” My brother asked
do” She
2.“We could go to see a film tonight”. She me____________________________
confessed._______________________
3.“I met her in London last year”. He said.
suggested______________________ 3. “Is he coming next Tuesday? He
3. “Don’t leave the vase on the table”. She asked__________________________
___________________________________
4. “I have already finished the book you
told us____________________________ 4. “When did my mother phone?” My
4. Shall I make you a cup of coffee? She flat mate asked
lent me”. My friend told
offered_________________________ _______________________________
me________________________________
5. “Let’s have dinner at home instead of 5. “Where have you been lately?” Ann
5. “If you do that again I’ll be angry.” My going out” Ann suggested
mother said._________________________ wanted to
______________________ know__________________________
6. "I can't believe what you're saying," Paul
6. "How about rating a canoe?" he said. 6. "Did you pass the exam?" I said to
told me_____________________________
_________________________________ Joe.___________________________
7. "Let's go for a swim!" he said. _______________________________ 46
__________________________________ ______
MIXED EXERCICE. NOTE WHETHER THE SENTENCE IS A REQUEST, A STATEMENT OR A QUESTION.
• "I like this picture." He said
• _____________________________________________
• "Where have you parked your car?" She asked me
• _____________________________________________
• "I don't feel like going out tonight," She said
• _____________________________________________
• "Say hello to Paul," They asked me
• _____________________________________________
• "Don't play near the lake, boys," She said
• _____________________________________________
• "Where have you been all night?"
She asked him
• _____________________________________________
• "I am quite good at drawing," He said
• ____________________________________________
• "Has she met Ian?"
→ He wanted to know
• _____________________________________________
• "I was so tired that I couldn’t sleep" She said
• ____________________________________________
• "Be careful with the matches, Ann," She told Ann
• _____________________________________________
• "I will get some food, I’m starving" 
She said
• ____________________________________________
• "Why haven't you phoned me?" 
→ He wondered
___________________________________________
• "I cannot drive them home," 
→ He said
• ____________________________________________
• "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?"
→ She asked Peter
• ____________________________________________
• "Where did you spend your holidays last year?"
→ She asked
• _____________________________________________
• "Don't go too far."
→ He advised her
• ______________________________________________

47
 Wish / If Only : present situations
Subject+ wish + noun/pronoun+ past simple If only +noun pronoun+ past simple
I wish I had more responsibility. If only Mary could work for us.
Subject+ wish + noun/pronoun+ past If only +noun pronoun+ past continuous
continuous
I wish I was lying on a beach. If only the baby was sleeping.
Subject+ wish + noun/pronoun+ would If only +noun pronoun+ would
I wish the boss would listen to my proposals! If only Jeff would consider hiring Peter.
(This means we want a situation in the present (or future) to be different.)
What do they wish?

Wish / If Only: past situations

Subject+ wish + noun/pronoun+ had+ past If only + noun/pronoun + had+ past
participle participle
Janet wishes she had applied for a new If only I had studied German at school.
position. If only we had bought gold instead of
We wish you had seen the opportunity in property.
time.
(This means we want to be able to change a situation in the past.)
What do they wish?

Rewrite the sentences as suggested (from previous bac exams)

1. David didn’t save enough money to buy a new computer
David wishes…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. John didn’t follow his father’s advice about high studies.
John wishes…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Mounir dropped out of school at an early age.
Mounir wishes…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Saida left school at an early age.
The teacher wishes………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. It’s a pity Ibrahim doesn’t revise his lessons regularly
The teacher wishes………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Brahim didn’t attend last year’s free computer classes
He wishes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. What a pity! I didn’t send them the message on time.
If only……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Rogers lost all his money in the lottery the other day.
Listening activity
He wishes………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. It’s a pity! I didn’t study Biology
I wish……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Leila didn’t accept Jamal’s marriage proposal
Listen then fill in the blanks
Leila wishes………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 48
 Citizenship/ Song
I am a citizen of my society
And I …………………………….in my community
I do ……………………, I ……………………. it clean
I make this world a ..……………… place for you and me
I love my neighbor, I ……..………………. them good
I show respect and ……………………….. like I should
I love my family, I follow all the……………………….
I take responsibility for what I need to do.
There’s so much going on around me
Sometimes I think that it is all about me
Then I look around and see what’s in front of me
It’s you, and me, we help others …………………...………
I do all I can to make this world a better place
Show respect to my neighbor and to the whole …………………..
Citizenship is who I am, everything that I do
I……………………...of the environment, how about you?

Some traits of a good citizen in the song:

A good citizen…
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
How about you? (Be sincere!)
*I think I am a good citizen because:
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
* I think I am not a good citizen because:
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
-…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
.

49
 Preparation for citizenship has traditionally been
carried out through formal educational programmes in schools and almost always through the social
subjects’ area of the curriculum. Citizenship education has typically been embedded in courses of
study in history and civics in most nations and has for the most part focused upon developing a
knowledge base about how government and other institutions in any given state work, and the rights
and duties of citizens with respect to the state. It has been oriented largely toward the development of
a national identity.
At one point, when the world was a simpler place, this conceptualization of citizenship may
have served us well: but this is no longer the case. The complexity and interconnectedness of the
challenges and issues facing us in the twenty first century simply cannot be met through conventional
means. What we need is a new vision of citizenship education, one in which both the school and the
communities it serves are equal partners in the education of each new generation of citizens. It calls
for a citizen education which embraces many interconnected dimensions; personal, social and global.
Modern political systems depend for their successful functioning upon a conception of
citizenship. It can be explicitly spelled out in constitution, a bill of rights or some similar documents,
or it can be left implicit within national traditions and institutions. Usually it is a combination of both
explicit prescription and implicit practice. But whichever is the case, any conception of citizenship
contains a conception of the knowledge, skills, values and dispositions that, ideally, citizens should
possess.
These attributes of citizenship will vary according to the nature of the political system of
which they are a part, but in general terms they can be classified into five categories: (1) a sense of
identity, (2) the enjoyment of certain rights, (3) the fulfillment of corresponding obligations, (4) a
degree of interest and involvement in public affairs, and (5) an acceptance of basic societal values.
All five are conveyed through a wide variety of institutions, both governmental and non-
governmental, including the media and especially the system of schooling. Citizenship education
then, in the broadest sense, is an important task in all contemporary societies.
Read the text and do following tasks.
A. Say whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Justify your answer.
1. The writer thinks that the way citizenship has been taught is not suitable at present.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Schools and communities are not of the same importance in serving citizens.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The attributes of citizenships are the same for all the political systems.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Find words in the text that mean the same as:
1. Conservative (paragraph 2): …………………………………………………
2. At the same time (paragraph 2): ………………………………………………
3. Notion (paragraph 3): ……………………………………………………………..
4. Qualities (paragraph 4): ………………………………………………………….
C. Complete the following sentences according to the ideas contained in the text.
1. In the past citizenship used to ……………………………………………….…………..some school subjects.
2. Because the world is a no simpler place …………………………………..…………………………………
3. Citizenship must be responsible for ………………………………………………………..concerning politics.
D. Answer the following question using your own words.
4. What school subjects has citizenship been included?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What new vision of citizenship the writer thinks is needed in our contemporary world?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Why do you think citizenship education is very important?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
E. What do the underlined words refer to? (2pts)
1. It (paragraph 2) :………………………………………………
2. They (paragraph 4) :………………………………………….. 50
 Causes of air pollution Effects of air pollution

……………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………..
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51
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52
 Brain Drain
refers to the action of emigration of highly skilled and
educated people from their own countries (under
developed countries) to work abroad (developed

Brain Drain happens due to two types of factors : push factors and pull
factors.
Read the following factors and write Pull or Push next to each factor
1. High wages(‫ )أجور‬and incomes(‫)مداخيل‬. ________
2. Low wages(‫ )أجور‬and salaries. ________
3. Funds (‫)تمويل‬for easearch, advanced technologies. ________
4. Unsatisfactory living conditions. ________
5. Lack)‫ (غياب‬of research. ________
6. Declining )‫ (تدني‬quality of the educational system________
7. Political stability________
8. Political conflicts and wars________
9. Better working conditions________
10. Corruption )‫(الفساد‬and bribery)‫________ (الرشوة‬
11. Intellectual freedom________
12. Lack of satisfactory working conditions________
Match the words together to form COLLOCATIONS:

1. Brain a. salaries
2. Low b. Drain
3. Attract c. Workers
4. Developed d. Countries
5. High e. Pay
6. Skilled f. Salaries
7. Tempting g. Technology
8. feel h. Attention
9. high i. Homesick

53
Relative clauses

54
Asking for and giving advice

Giving advice
If I were you, I would go / do………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………

Asking for advice

I've got ……… What do you suggest?
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………

55
 [1] Brain drain is a major problem facing developing countries like Morocco. The
opportunities offered by new information technologies in Western countries have attracted
waves of Moroccan computer science graduates. They go there in search of higher salaries
or better working conditions.
[2] In 1986, Dr. Mehdi El Mandjra, the Moroccan researcher who used to work as Deputy
Director of UNESCO in human and social sciences, warned against the negative impacts of
brain migration on the development of Morocco. In his book Première Guerre Civilisationnelle
(1991), he mentioned that more than 700 Moroccan researchers at the doctoral level work for
le Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS).
[3] On his part, Professor Khalid EL Hariry, the president of the Moroccan Federation of
Information Technology, says that since 1999, the number of Moroccan immigrants abroad
has noticeably increased. Nearly 60% of the students who graduated from L’Institut National
des Postes et Télécommunications (INPT) left Morocco in 2000.
[4] Ahmed Akartit, an engineer in a mobile phone company in Rabat, said: “The
technology experts left Morocco as salaries here reach a maximum of $800 a month. In
Europe, these engineers will receive salaries ten times higher than what Moroccan private or
public firms can offer them.” The Moroccan government argues that it cannot increase
salaries at a time it has to reduce the high rate of unemployment.
[5] Conversely, Morocco wants its citizens living abroad to come back although their
money transfers are the second source of foreign currency after tourism. But many expatriates
in Europe say they have worked hard to build a successful career and returning home would
be risky and uncertain.
[6] Ahmed Najm, an economiost, stressed the need for Morocco to care for its experts and
grant more importance to scientific research. Otherwise, the country will be out of the race.
“Morocco cannot benefit from its human potential unless it takes full advantage of existing
opportunities to develop science and technology,” he said.
Adapted from: www.angelfire.com and www.albawaba.com
Read the text and do the following tasks:

A. Are these statements true or false? Justify.

1. Ahmed Akartit is a Moroccan immigrant.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Companies in Morocco offer the same salaries as companies in Europe.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Answer the following questions.
1. What did Dr. El Mandjra warn against?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Why do many Moroccan immigrants hesitate to return to their country?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
C. Complete these sentences.
1. In Najm’s view, Morocco will benefit from its experts if it ………………………
D. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?
1. 1. he (paragraph 2): …………………………
2. them (paragraph 4): ……………
3. the country (paragraph 6): ………………………..…
E. Find words in the text which mean the same as:
1. 1. big numbers (paragraph 1): ………………
2. give (paragraph 6): …………………

56
 Before you listen , answer the following question , then share your answers with the your
friends:
✓ Do you think Morocco suffers from brain drain?
✓ If so, what do you think are the reasons for this phenomenon?

1st listening
✓ You are going to listen to a report on brain drain in Morocco .
✓ What do you think it’s mainly about? Guess by ticking an answer from the list.
1. Causes of brain drain.
2. Consequences of brain drain
3. Measures to face brain drain
4. All the above.
✓ Listen to the whole report and check your answer.

2nd listening
✓ Listen to PART 1 and tick the right answers.
1. People living in foreign countries represent
a. 15% of the country’s resident population.
b. Precisely 10% of the country’s resident population.
c. More or less 10% of the country’s resident population.
2. Moroccan government efforts focus on
a. Boosting slow economic growth
b. Reinforcing the banking sector
c. Reducing the economy’s reliance on traditional agriculture.

3rd listening
✓ Listen to PART 2 and say whether the following statements are true or false, then correct the false ones .
1. Expatriates invest their money in: creating small enterprises, supporting family members and building second
homes
2. Complex administration procedures belong to the past because it’s possible now to have all the documents
needed from one location within 24hours .
3. The government has reduced interest rate, offered tax breaks and encouraged the purchase of land.

Further discussion
✓ If you have the opportunity to choose between working in Morocco and working abroad , what would you
do?

57
 Activity 1: Read the following film review and fill in the table below:
Titanic is a film directed by James Cameron from Canada. It is a famous film that a lot of people
have seen and appreciated. This film runs around 2 hours and 11 minutes.
Titanic is not an action film. It is a romantic film that tells a love story. It stars Leonardo
DiCaprio and Kate Winslet as members of different social classes. Kate Winslet is a seventeen-year-
old aristocrat who falls in love with the kind, but poor artist, Leonardo DiCaprio, on the ship during
its unlucky first voyage. They began to plan for their future but the sinking of the ship ruined all their
dreams and hopes. It has a sad ending and the hero dies after saving the Heroine’s life.
What I liked about Titanic is that it keeps you in suspense till the end. When the boat is sinking,
everything isn't all right. Things go wrong, and thus you have suspense. Also, the special effects are
amazing and everything in the film looks real. This is part of what makes the film enjoyable to
watch. You don’t feel bored at all.
Title of the film ………………………………………………………
Director/Country …………………………………………………………
Length/type of film …………………………………………………..........
Main actors …………………………………………………………
Story / Plot (Whathappened in thefilm)
Special effects …………………………………………………………

Adjectives and expressions

F Funny, informative, exciting, outdated, boring, breath-taking, moving, entertaining/ enjoyable, realistic, violent,
tragic, amusing, romantic, a must-see film, bloody (with a lot of killing), famous, worth-watching,touching.

Film Review Model

………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………….……………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………… 58
 A. Reflect on the following definition of sustainable development

“Sustainable development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future
generations.
B. Match the words in A with the words in B, then fill in the blanks with the appropriate
collocations:

1) A large number of Moroccan women have benefited from

interest-free ……………………………………… to help them
A B start their own businesses
2) it hasn’t rained here for a long time, so the country is likely to
1. green a) resources suffer from …………………………….………… in the years to
2. water b) shortage come.
3. armed c.) areas 3) if the consumption of ……………………………………. is
4. micro d) warming not reduced, there will be none left for the next generations.
5. natural e) rate 4) some African countries are being ravaged by …………......
6. economic f) support ………..
7. financial g) credits 5) ………………………… are spaces and sites planted with trees,
8. birth h) growth grass, flowers…etc
9. global i) conflicts 6) ……………………………….. refers to the rise of the global
temperature
To very high levels due to pollution.
C. Give the correct form of the words in
brackets:
1. Human beings shouldn’t (pollution) ………………………….. the environment where they are living.
2. Climate change is (harm) ……………………….. for all creatures.
3. When the forest is (detroy) ………………………., the life of animals is (influence) …………………….. negatively.
4. The (reintegrate) …………………………… of prisoners in society is essential.
5. Pollution threatens the (survive) …………………………… of many species in our planet.
D. Sustainable development is based on three elements, “economic prosperity”, “social justice”, and “environmental
awareness”, classify these ideas with each one of them (reducing exclusion, recycling waste, encouraging money
investment, promoting human rights, protecting the environment, industrialization, providing micro-credits, promoting
democracy and equality, wise use of natural resources)

Economic prosperity Social justice Environmental

awareness

E. Environmental awareness is manifested in different acts, classify these into dos and don’ts :
(hunt endangered animals, throw away trash, plant trees, waste water, create green spaces, destroy forests, recycle
plastic bags, plant flowers, waste energy, hunt birds, pollute the air, save electricity)

DOS : DONTS:

59
 Modal Verbs
Brahim, a fan of Mr.Bean, has just arrived in England to attend a humour festival. Now he is having a phone call
with Anna, one of his English friends.
Brahim: hello, Anna. This is Brahim. How are you doing tonight?
Anna: I’m Fine. I’m so glad to hear you, Brahim. How was the trip to London? You must be tired now.
Brahim: I came by plane.
Anna: I know. Shall we meet now?
Brahim: Not now; I have to get some rest first. We could meet this evening and go to see Mr.Bean’s latest show.
Anna: All Right. That’s a good idea. I haven’t seen it yet.
Brahim: Thanks a lot Anna.
Annna: You needn’t mention it. Welcome to London. With the Internet we could stay in contact all
the time. Is there an internet connection at the hotel?
Brahim: Unfortunately not.
Anna: You should have
Read the bookedand
dialogue a wired room
answer theearlier.
questionBut. don’t worry. We will arrange things together.
Brahim: OkAnna.Why can’tsoon.
See you Brahim and Anna meet after the phone call?

Read the dialogue again and pick up all the modal verbs and put them in the table.

Modal verbs Meaning

✓ 
✓ 
✓ 
✓ 
✓ 
Read the situations and choose the suitable answer.
“Brahim must be tired”, means: “We would meet this evening” ,means
 Brahim is not tired  It’s impossible to meet
 Brahim is certainly tired  It’s difficult to meet
 Brahim can’t be tired.  It’s possible to meet

“Brahim should have booked a wired room”, means

 It was impossible for him to book a wired room
 It wasn’t necessary for him to book a wired room
 It was advisable for him to book a wired room

Complete the following dialogues with the appropriate modal verbs

❖ Teresa: I've had a headache since last week.

Mike: You _____________to see a doctor.
❖ Donna: Don has been absent for two weeks.
Ann: He________ be sick. He________ see a doctor
❖ Mary: There's a good Star Wars movie at the Retro Theater. Do you want to go?
John: I would really like to go, but I __________ study for a chemistry test.

60
61
Expressing certainty and uncertainty

62
 [ 1 ] The acronym NGOs stands for Non-Governmental
Organizations which refers to voluntary and legal associations concerned with achieving the goals
of sustainable development. They’re financially independent from any governmental support. Such
organizations play an important role in empowering youth and women and supporting poor and
disadvantaged people in the economic, social, educational , and environmental fields.
[ 2 ] In the economic field, these organizations create job opportunities for women and young people.
They give them financial aid in the form of micro-credits. They also help them start their own
businesses and enterprises, and train them to invest their money in the best ways possible. In other
words, these a main goal of these organization is to reduce poverty and unemployment rates ,
especially in in rural areas. In the process, they certainly help current generations contribute to the
economic development of their country on a larger scale.
[ 3 ] Socially, they work on improving the status and situation of women in society so as to achieve
social justice and establish a sort of gender equality, between men and women. Therefore, a major
part of their plan is to increase literacy rates among women through promoting informal education.
In the mean time, they provide other basic services such as health care, running water, and
electrification of rural areas to stop locals from migrating to urban or big cities. Moreover, members
of these organizations work really hard to eliminate some negative cultural behaviors like
discrimination, stereotype, crimes , extremism, and violence.
[ 4 ] As for the environmental aspect, NGOs do a lot to conserve natural resources for future
generations and to reduce pollution by sensitizing people about the toxic danger of litter and trash.
They also launch programs to preserve water, plant trees, and take care of public gardens, and protect
some endangered animals from extinction. NGOs’ role, therefore, is so important that most of the
projects connected to sustainable development are based on their success and perseverance.

Answer the following questions

1. What does “NGOs ” stand for ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What are the domains that NGOs try to improve ?
……………………………………………….……………………………………….………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Who are the people targeted specifically by these organizations ?
……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. How are some of these people encouraged economically ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Are these NGOs created and supported by the government ?
……………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. What kind of social problems do these NGOs try to put an end to?
……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. What do NGOs do to solve environmental problems ?
……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Find in the text words or phrases that mean :

a. domains (prg 1) : ………………………………………………………….
b. support ( prg 2) : ………………………….….………………….
c. basic needs ( prg 3) : ……………………………….…………………….
d. essential ( prg 4) : ……………………….…………………...….
What do the underlined words refer to in the text ?
Them : …………………………………………………………….
They : ………………………………………………….

63
 A. Study the following table about a seminar.

What was the seminar about?

Who are drop-out students?
When and where did the meeting take place ?
Who were the people involved in the seminar ?
What were the main recommendations of the seminar ?
B. Now complete this sample report with information about the seminar from the table :
Title: ………………………………………………………………
The (1)……………………...……. was the destination of many people from all parts of Morocco on (2)
………..…………... .The event was a seminar organized by (3)……………………………..... The seminar
was about the urgent topic of (4) ……………………..……….….. Participants included (5)……………... .
Approximately (6)………………………………………………...……attended the meeting. The activities
were varied and they included (7)…………………….……………….. . The participants concluded that
there were three main causes of dropping out from schools in rural areas. The first one was
(8)……...…………………………………., the second one was (9)……………………, and the third one
was (10)…………………………..………………………… . Also, the participants suggested solutions to
this issue. Some of these solutions were (11)………………..…………... .
In fact, the seminar was (12)………………………………..……………...and people who attended certainly
got the best out of it
C. Elements of a Report :
1. The title should be short and precise. It should give a general idea about the content of the report.
2. The introduction sets the scene for the report by giving details about time, place, and participants.
3. The body, usually limited to one paragraph, includes the main ideas of the report.
4. The conclusion evaluates the success of the event and the reactions of participants and attendees.
D. Use information from this table to write your report.

64
A- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE RIGHT NAME OF THE ORGANIZATION : The United
Stations High Commissioner For Refugees/World Health Organization/The United Nations/ Amnesty
International/ Food and Agriculture Organization/ The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization/International Committee of the Red Cross /The United Nations International Children's Emergency
Fund.

UN : UNESCO : UNHCR :
……………………………… …………………………….... …………………………………
………. ……………………………… …..
……………………………… ……………… …………………………………
………………. …………………

AI : WHO : UNICEF :
………………………………… ………………………………… …………………………………
………… ……. …
………………………………… ………………………………… …………………………………
………………. …………………. ……………….

FAO : ICRC :
………………………………… …………………………………
……………………………. ……….
MATCH EACH ORGANIZATION WITH ITS MAIN CONCERN
………………………………… :
1- Amnesty International …………………………………
a- Caring for refugees
……………….. …………………
2- The United Nations Children Emergency b- Safeguarding human rights from
Fund violations.
3- The United Nations High Commissioner for c- Protecting the rights of children and women
refugees around the world
4- International Committee of the Red Cross d- Maintaining worldwide peace and security
5- The United Nations e- Promoting peace through education and
science.
6- The UN educational scientific and cultural f- Providing medical care, notably during wars
organization or armed conflicts.
1 : …….. , 2 : …………. , 3 : ……….. , 4 : …………., 5: ……….., 6: ……………
B- FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE RIGHT WORD OR EXPRESSION FROM THE LIST
GIVEN : Refugees, secretary general, human rights, founded, headquarters, international
organization
1- Ban Ki Moon was the former ……………………………………………… of the United Nations
2- After having left Syria, Syrian …………………… live in many European countries.
3- The United Nations is an ……………………….. . It was …………………………… in 1945.
4- The ………………………. Of International Committee of the Red Cross are in Geneva.
5- The aim of Amnesty international is to protect ………………………………..around the world.
65
Giving and responding to good and bad news

Giving good and bad news

Good news

• I'm really pleased to tell you...

• I've got a bit of good news to tell you..
………………………………...……
• I've got some good / brilliant / great / wonderful news
………………………………...……
• You know what! I've got a bit of great news for you...
………………………………...……
• Great news for you...
………………………………...……
Bad news
………………………………...……
• I'm afraid I've got some bad news for you...
………………………………...……
• I'm sorry I've got a bit of bad news to tell you..
………………………………...……
• I………………………………...……
really don’t know how to say it, but …
• I’m sorry to have to say this, but …
………………………………...……
• I………………………………...……
really feel bad / Sad to have to say this, but …
Responding
………………………………...…… to news
………………………………...……
Good News: Bad News:
• I’m awfully sorry that…
• Wow, that sounds exciting !
• I’m sorry to hear that..
• That’s great !
• I’m sorry to hear such terrible
• How fantastic ! ………………………………...……
news.
• What ………………………………...……
fantastic / good / brilliant / great / •
………………………………...……
………………………………...…… My goodness!
wonderful / splendid news!
………………………………...…… ………………………………...……
………………………………...…… • I can’t believe it!
• That's ………………………………...……
good / brilliant / great / ………………………………...……
………………………………...…… • Poor you!
wonderful / splendid news!
………………………………...…… ………………………………...……
………………………………...…… • I do sympathize with you.
• That sounds like great news!
………………………………...…… ………………………………...……
………………………………...…… • Please, accept my deepest
• Congratulations! ………………………………...……
………………………………...…… sympathy.
• That’s wonderful / fantastic! ………………………………...……
………………………………...……
………………………………...…… • I know how you must be feeling.
• I’m glad to hear that! ………………………………...……
………………………………...……
………………………………...……
…………………… • That must be awful
• Great news! ………………………………...……
………………………………...……
………………………………...……
…………………… • Oh, dear !
• Incredible! ………………………………...……
………………………………...……
………………………………...……
…………………… • Too bad !
• Superb!
………………………………...……
……………………………………
………………………………...……
…………………… • That’s awful / a pity / unfortunate.
• ………………………………...……
Sounds great! ……………………………………..
……………………
• ………………………………...……
Lucky you!
……………………
………………………………...……
• Oh, how wonderful!
……………………
………………………………...……
• I ….
can’t
; believe that!
………………………………...……
………………………………...……
………………………………...……
………………………………...……
………………………………...……
………………………………...……
………………………………...……

66
67
 INFINITIVE PAST PAST TRANSLATION
(PRESENT) PARTICIPLE

INFINITIVE PAST PAST TRANSLATION 8TH Group: -STAND / -STOOD / -STOOD

(PRESENT) PARTICIPLE

STAND (STOODS) STOOD STOOD

1st Group: IMPORTANT VERBS
UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD
(UNDERSTANDS)
BE (AM-IS-ARE) WAS / WERE BEEN
DO (DOES) DID DONE
HAVE (HAS) HAD HAD 9th Group: -EE- / -E- / -E- /
COME (COMES) CAME COME
GET (GETS) GOT GOT BLEED (BLEEDS) BLED BLED
GO (GOES) WENT GONE FEED (FEEDS) FED FED
MAKE (MAKES) MADE MADE FEEL (FEELS) FELT FELT
SAY (SAYS) SAID SAID KEEP (KEEPS) KEPT KEPT
TELL (TELLS) TOLD TOLD MEET (MEETS) MET MET
SLEEP (SLEEPS) SLEPT SLEPT
2nd Group: PERCEPTION VERBS SWEEP (SWEEPS) SWEPT SWEPT

HEAR (HEARS) HEARD HEARD

10th Group : -D / -T / -T
SEE (SEES) SAW SEEN
SMELL (SMELLS) SMELT SMELT BUILD (BUILDS) BUILT BUILT
LEND (LENDS) LENT LENT
3rd Group: NO CHANGE SEND (SENDS) SENT SENT
SPEND (SPENDS) SPENT SPENT
COST (COSTS) COST COST
CUT (CUTS) CUT CUT 11th Group : -T / -T
HIT (HITS) HIT HIT
HURT (HURTS) HURT HURT BURN (BURNS) BURNT BURNT
LET (LETS) LET LET DREAM (DREAMS) DREAMT DREAMT
PUT (PUTS) PUT PUT LEARN (LESRNS) LEARNT LEARNT
READ* (READS) READ* READ* LEAVE (LEAVES) LEFT LEFT
SHUT (SHUTS) SHUT SHUT LIGHT (LIGHTS) LIT LIT
LOSE (LOSES) LOST LOST
4TH Group: I – E / O – E / I – EN and others MEAN (MEANS) MEANT MEANT
SHOOT (SHOOTS) SHOT SHOT
BITE (BITES) BIT* BITTEN SIT (SITS) SAT SAT
BREAK (BREAKS)* BROKE BROKEN SPELL (SPELLS) SPELT SPELT
CHOOSE (chooses)* CHOSE CHOSEN
DRIVE (DRIVES) DROVE DRIVEN
12th Group : MISCELLANEOUS
EAT (EATS)* ATE* EATEN
FALL (FALLS)* FELL* FALLEN
BECOME (BECOMES) BECAME BECOME
GIVE (GIVES) GAVE* GIVEN
FIND (FINDS) FOUND FOUND
FORGET (forgets)* FORGOT* FORGOTTEN
HANG (HANGS) HUNG HUNG
FORGIVE (forgives) FORGAVE* FORGIVEN
HOLD (HOLDS) HELD HELD
FREEZE (FREEZES)* FROZE FROZEN
LAY (LAYS) LAID LAID
HIDE (HIDES) HID* HIDDEN
LIE (LIES) LAY LAIN
RIDE (RIDES) RODE RIDDEN
PAY (PAYS) PAID PAID
RISE (RISES) ROSE RISEN
RUN (RUNS) RAN RUN
SHAKE (SHAKES)* SHOOK* SHAKEN
SELL (SELLS) SOLD SOLD
SPEAK (SPEAKS)* SPOKE SPOKEN
SHINE (SHINES) SHONE SHONE
STEAL (STEALS)* STOLE STOLEN
SHOW (SHOWS) SHOWED SHOWN
TAKE (TAKES)* TOOK* TAKEN
WEAR (WEARS) WORE WORN
WAKE(UP) (WAKES)* WOKE WOKEN
WIN (WINS) WON WON
WRITE (WRITES) WROTE WRITTEN
PRESENT SIMPLE
5th Group : I / U*-A / U
Examples: They play tennis
BEGIN (BEGINS) BEGAN BEGUN They don’t play tennis.
DRINK (DRINKS) DRANK DRUNK Do they play tennis? Yes, they do / No, they don’t.
RING (RINGS) RANG RUNG ❖ Affirmative: 3RD person singular adds –S/-ES.
SING (SINGS) SANG SUNG
SWING (SWINGS) SWUNG* SWUNG
He plays tennis
SWIM (SWIMS) SWAM SWUM ❖ Negative: Don’t add –s/-es.
He doesn’t play tennis.
6th Group: AW-OW / EW / OWN ❖ Interrogative: Don’t add –s/-es.
Does he play tennis? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t
BLOW (BLOWS) BLEW BLOWN
DRAW (DRAWS) DREW DRAWN
FLY* (FLIES) FLEW FLOWN
PAST SIMPLE
GROW (GROWS) GREW GROWN ❖ Regular verbs in the past simple and past participle end in –ed.
KNOW (KNOWS) KNEW KNOWN Example: He played tennis yesterday.
THROW (THROWS) THREW THROWN ❖ Both Irregular verbs and regular verbs form negatives and
questions in the same way: did / didn’t + infinitivo.
7th Group: -AUGHT / -OUGHT ❖ Examples: He didn’t go to Benidorm last Sunday.
Did he go to Benidorm last Sunday?
BRING (BRINGS) BROUGHT BROUGHT
He didn’t play tennis yesterday.
BUY (BUYS) BOUGHT BOUGHT
Did he play tennis yesterday?
CATCH (CATCHES) CAUGHT CAUGHT
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT
TEACH (TEACHES) TAUGHT TAUGHT
THINK (THINKS) THOUGHT THOUGHT
69
70
71
Tenses

72