KEY TO SUCCESS

For all Baccalaureate

streams
Boubker Chahidi Based On Second Year Bac Syllabus

EFL Teacher Academic Year 2019 - 2020

Reviewed by Said Ahssen TEFL Supervisor

1
 FOREWORD

Dear Teachers and Students,

Key To Success booklet is oriented to help Baccalaureate students to review,

consolidate and refresh the skills and language components learned in class .
Also , it mainly paves the way for success by preparing well for the English
Baccalaureate exam paper , increasing the chances of obtaining high scores.

The booklet can be a source of references to teachers since it summarizes all

the lessons of Second year Baccalaureate .

Clearly enough , It includes :

• Grammar
• Functions and linking words
• Vocabulary
• Practice from previous national exams
• List of irregular verbs
• Writing templates
• Mock exams
• Samples of previous National exams

I hope this booklet would be of great benefit to all readers .

The author

SUCCESS
doesn’t just come and Finds you , you have

to go out and

Get it

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 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my thanks

and gratitude to MR. Said Ahssen
for his guiding hand , insightful
remarks and his valuable
suggestions .

My gratitude goes also to all

English teachers and students from
whom I have learned a lot .

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Forward……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2

Aknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...3

Grammar………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 to 14

• Past perfect
• Future perfect
• Conditional type 2
• Conditional type 3
• Wishes and regrets
• Passive voice
• Reported speech
• Relative pronouns
• Gerund and infinitive
• Modals
• Practice(From National Exam) ………………………………….……………………………...... 15 to 16

Functions and Linking words …………………………………………………………………………………..17 to 20

• Making requests
• Giving advice
• Making suggestions
• Giving opinion
• Agreeing :
• Disagreeing
• Complaining
• Apologizing
• Concession and contrast
• Addition
• Cause and effect
• Purpose
• Expressing lack of understanding
• Asking for clarification
• Responding to good news
• Responding to bad news
• Defining
• Expressing certainty and uncertainty
• Practice (From National Exams)……………………………………………………………………..21 to 22

Vocabulary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..24 to 27

• Collocations
• Prefixes and suffixes
• Practice(From National Exams)………………………………………………………………………28

A List of irregular verbs..……………………………………………………….………………………………..29 to 30

Writing templates……………………………………………………………………………………………………31 to 42
Mock Exams…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..43 to 50
Sample Bac Exam Papers………………………………………………………………………………………..51 to 60

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 GRAMMAR
◊ PAST PERFECT
Pastperfect refers to an action that happened before another action in the past .

Form :Time Expressions :

Affirmative : Had + past participle of the verb .When / As soon as

Negative : Had not + past participle of the verb . Before+(S.Past+ P.Perfect) After +( P.Perfect)+ (S.Past)

Interrogative :Had + S + past participle of the verb…. +? .Already ( past perfect +Already+past participle

Pay Attention!!! : Past perfect requires 2 verbs in 1 sentence . .By the time + (S .Past)+ ( P .Perfect)

After I had arrived, the train left .

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

◊ FUTURE PERFECT
Future perfect refers to a future action that will already be finished by a certain time in the future .

Form : Time Expressions :

Affirmative : Will have + pp of the verb .By the time + next ( year /month /week …….)

Negative : Will not /Wont have + pp of the verb .By next + (year /month /week …………………...)

Interrogative : Will + subject +have +pp of the v …..+? . By + ( 2030 / 2080 …………………………………….. )

. In 3 /4/5…… ( weeks/ months/ Years …………..)

.By the time + S present + Future Perfect

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

◊ CONDITIONAL TYPE 2
Conditional type 2 is used in situations which are imaginary or unlikely to happen.

Reality : Sentence in simple present Conditional 2 : IF +( S past ) + ( Would +basic verb )

I don’t have a modem , so I can't have access to Internet . If I had a modem , I could have access to Internet .

PAY ATTENTION !!!

❶ If + cause + result

❷ Verb to be in conditional 2 always takes the form of were with all the subject pronouns (I-you-she-he-it-……..)

❸ From Negative To Affirmative From Affirmative To Negative

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❹I Would contracted form :I 'd

◊ CONDITIONAL TYPE 3
Conditional type 3 is used to express regret or past situations you wanted to be different.
Reality :Sentence in the simple past Conditional3: If +( Past perfect ) + (Would have) + (PP of the Verb)

He drove very fast ,so he had a bad accident . If he hadn't Driven very fast , he wouldn't have had a bad accident.

PAY ATTENTION !!!

❶ If + cause + result

❷ From Negative To Affirmative From Affirmative To Negative

❸Past perfect ꓿(had / hadn't + past participle of the verb.)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......

◊ Expressing Wishes ( Wish and If only )

1/WISHES ABOUT THE PRESENT:
Reality : Sentence in s present Wish : Wish / If only + Subject + Simple past

Bob doesn’t have a car . Bob wishes he had a car. / If only Bob had a car .

It's a pitty Nora is a noisy student. The teacher wishes / If only Nora were not a noisy student.

PAY ATTENTION !!!

❶ From Negative To Affirmative From Affirmative To Negative

❷ Verb to be in s present always takes the form of were with all the subject pronouns in wish sentence .

2/Wishes about the past :

Reality : Sentence in s past Wish : Wish / If only + Subject + past past perfect

I didn't finish the report yesterday. I wish / if only I had finished the report yesterday.

He came late to the classroom . Students wish / if only he hadn't come late to classroom.

PAY ATTENTION !!!

❶ From Negative To Affirmative From Affirmative To Negative

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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◊ PASSIVE VOICE
FORM :The Passive of an active verb is formed by putting the auxiliary verb TO BE into the same tense
as the active verb and adding the Past Participle of the main verb.

Active Form : Ahmed eats an apple . Subject + verb + complement

Passive Form : An apple is eaten by Ahmed . Object + To be(takes tense of the v) + pp v +by + subject

Example : Ali eats an apple

An apple is eaten by Ali

Attention !!!

Active voice Passive voice

❶ Start with the object

❷ Put To be in the tense of the main verb in active voice

❸ Use Past participle of the main verb in active voice

❹ Add By + Subject

NB :It is necessary to study tenses first ( Remember ! we have regular and irregular verbs )

Active Voice Passive Voice

Present Simple They serve dinnner at 6pm. Dinner is served at 6pm.
Present Continuous They are serving dinner now. Dinner is being served now.
Past Simple They served dinner. Dinner was served.
Past Continuous They were serving dinner. Dinner was being served.
Future Simple: (Will) They will serve dinner. Dinner will be served.
(To be going to) They are going to serve dinner. Dinner is going to be served.

Present Perfect They have served dinner. Dinner has been served.
Past Perfect They had served dinner. Dinner had been served.
Future Perfect They will have served dinner. Dinner will have been served.
Present infinitive They should serve dinner. Dinner should be served.
Perfect infinitive They should have served dinner. Dinner should have been
served.
-ing form He likes people serving his dinner. He likes his dinner being served.
Perfect-ing form Having served dinner,... Dinner havig been served...
Modals+ be + ppv You must serve dinner. Dinner must be served.
Can / can't + verb Can / can't +be + ppv
May /might + verb May /might + be + ppv
Have to /has to +verb Have to /has to +be +ppv
Had to + verb Had to + be ppv

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Exception :

Active sentence with 2 objects Passive sentence 2 possibilities

A - She gives me a gift. 1 – I' am given a gift.

2 –A gift is given to me .

Pronouns Charts:

Active voice Passive voice Active voice Passive voice

Me I Us We
You You You You
Her She Them They
Him He

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

◊ REPORTED SPEECH
① We use the Reported Speech to say what other people have said. Therefore we use expressions such
as: say, tell, ask, suggest, promise….These words are called reporting verbs.

② Say vs. tell: If you use “tell” you have to mention the persons to whom sth. is said/has been said.
Example : He said that the girls were bewitched. He told the parents that the girls were bewitched.

③ I fthe reporting verb is in the past, you have to change the tense in the reported speech

④ Change of tenses:
Present Simple Past Simple
Lisa says: “I go home.” She said (that) she went home.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Ali says :" I am playing Tennis." Ali said ( that) he was playing Tennis
Past Simple Past Perfect
She says: “I worked at home.” She said she had worked at home.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
She says : "I was working at home." She said she had been working at home
Present Perfect Past Perfect
She says: “I have been to Spain.” She said she had been to Spain.
Past Perfect Past Perfect
She says: “He had gone home.” She said she had gone home.
Will Would
She says: “I will meet you there.” She said she would meet her there.
Can Could
She says: “I can do it for you.” She said she could do it for me.
May Might
She says: “This may be too hard.” She said that might be too hard.
Must Had to
Teacher says: “You must study hard." Teacher said I had to study hard .
Shall / Have to and Has to Should / Had to

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⑤ Time Expressions / Pronouns / Demonstratives are also changed:

Now Then
Today That day /the other day

Yesterday The previous day

Last (year/week/month …..) The previous(year/week/month…)
Tomorrow The followingday
Next (Monday/ week/month…) The following (Monday/week /month…)
Two days / /months /….. ago Two days /months /..... before

I He / she
we They This That
my His / her These Those
Here There
our Their

A /Reporting Statements : ( Affirmative and negative sentences )

Examples :
Direct speech Reported speech
Bob said :" I feel bad today" . Bob said that he felt bad that day .
Leila said :" I don’t like fish" . Leila said that she didn’t like fish .
Attention !!!
1 – omit the semicolon and quotation marks.
2 - + that ( optional ).
3 – change the pronouns .
4 – change the verb tense .
5 – change the time expression .

B / Reporting Yes / No Questions :

Example :
Direct speech Reported speech
"Do you speak English ?" She wanted to know whether / If I spoke English.
"Did you do your homework ?" The teacher asked if I had done my homework .
Form:
Auxiliary + Subject + verb ….? Asked / wanted to know +If /whether +Subject+verb …
NB :Previous changes are included .
C / Reporting WH- Questions :
Example :
Direct speech Reported speech
"What time does the train arrive ?" He asked what time the train arrived.
"Why must you go now ?" He wanted to know why I had to go then
Form:
Wh-word +Auxiliary + verb … ?Wh-word + Subject + verb ….

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NB :Previous changes are included.
C / Reporting Commands :
Example :
Direct speech Reported speech
Affirmative :" Keep quiet" A teacher asked / ordered his students tokeep quiet.
Negative :"Don’t make noise "A teacher asked / ordered his students not tomake noise.
Form:
Affirmative : infinitive ………….. to + infinitive
Negative : don't+ infinitive …… not to + infinitive

◊ RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative clauses give more information about a subject or object. They usually follow and agree with the
noun they modify and often occur between the subject and the verb .

The most common relative pronouns are :

Pronoun Used for Example

Who Peopleas subject The man who you met the other day is a manager.
Whom People as object This is my best friend whom I play Tennis with.
Which thing /animal The house which my grandfather built is now a museum.
Where places The school where I study is a hundred years old .
When time Summer is the season when people go to the beach .
Why reason The reason why I am here is to invite you to my wedding .
Whose possession The woman whose car is parked is a social worker .

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

◊ INFINITIVE OR GERUND
When one verb follows another, the first verb determines the form of the second. This can be a
gerund(verb + ing :doing) or the full infinitive (with to : to do ) or bare infinitive (without to : do ).
① Verbs followed by to- infinitive:

Use the infinitive with to after certain verbs and expressions: afford, arrange, fail, agree, appear, care, decide,
hope, learn, manage, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, threaten, want, seem, would hate/love/like/prefer.

Example : 1.I pretended to study but I didn’t.

② Verbs followed by + object + to- infinitive:

After some verbs we use the structure noun or object pronoun + to + infinitive. Verbs which can be followed by this
form include: advice, ask, allow, expect, encourage, force, invite, order, persuade, need, tell, permit, warn,
remind, want, and offer. The negative form is Object + not + to + infinitive.

Example : 1. The teacher advised the students to study harder.

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③ Verb + to-INFINITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES:

difficult, easy, happy, lucky, pleased, surprised, willing, right, wrong, surprised, etc.

Example: 1. He was kind to help us.

2. It is good to be here.

④ Wh-word ( except “why”) + to infinitive:

What / how/ where when/before/with/ after / how much….etc.

Example : 1. I don’t know what to do.

⑤ Verbs followed by + ing- form:

adore, avoid,consider,dislike,detest,enjoy,involve,discuss,endure,face,fancy,feel like, include,risk, quit, deny, end,

imagine, finish, mind, mention, miss, admit, delay, discuss, , keep, mention, postpone, practise, resume, resist,
resent, spend time, suggest, understand… .

Example : 1. I enjoy eating pizza.

⑥ Verbs followed by + ing-form after certain expressions: can’t help, can’t stand, can't bear, get/be used to, be
no good, it’s no use, be worth, be busy, feel like, its worth ,there s no point .

Example : 1. It’s no use phoning him. The line is always busy.

⑦ Verbs followed by ing -form after prepositions : in/ on / at / to /after/ before….etc.

Example : 1. Our teacher is really good at listening to the all students.

⑧ Verb + BARE INFINITIVE :

After modal verbs :can ,could may , might ,shall , should, will, would and also after the verbs “let” and “make” and
after “would rather” and “had better”.

Example : 1. We must respect the law.

2. He made me move my car.

⑨ Verbs followed by to-infinitive or the ing-form with no change in meaning:

begin , continue ,like , love , hate, dislike , start .

Verbs followed by to-infinitive or the ing-form with change in meaning: forget , stop remember …

Example : 1. He stopped to smoke ( means he was walking then he stopped to smoke. )

2 .He stopped smoking ( means he quitted smoking. )

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 MODALS
◊ MODALS
Modals are a type of auxiliary (helping) verbs that are used to express the modality of the speaker . In
other words , they express : ability ,possibility, deduction , permission ,obligation …etc.

Don’t forget these point about Modals:

✓ Modal verbs are followed by bare infinitive (without to).
✓ They have present , past and perfect form(can /could / could have + ppv) .
✓ They have affirmative and negative (must / mustn't).
✓ They are used as auxiliaries in questions (May I go out ?).
✓ They don’t take the third person " s " ( I can ( correct ) // she cans (not correct).

① Modal + bare infinitive Present/ future context

VERB USE EXAMPLE

Can Ability / Capability I canswim.
(present)
Permission You can go to the cinema.
Possibility/probability Smoking can causes cancer.
Request Can I have a biscuit, please?
Offer Can I help you, madam?
Can't NegativeDeduction (present) You can’t be hungry, you have just
eaten two pizzas.
No ability present I can't swim.
Probihition You can't bring a dog into the
restaurant .
COULD Ability / Capability I could swim when I was seven.
(past)
Permission We could go to the cinema once a
week.
Possibility/probability This vase could be very valuable.
Request Could I use your phone, please?
MAY Permission May I use your computer?
Possibility/probability It may rain .
MIGHT Possibility/probability John might come to your party.

MUST Deduction He failed the exam. He must be

disappointed
.
Obligation You must respect the law.

Have to/Has to Obligation To become a doctor you have to

study for many years.
Mustn't Prohibition You mustn’t take any medicine
without consulting the doctors.
Will Future intention Tomorrow , I will travel to Italy
Promise I will bring you a gift.
Would Request Would you open the door ,please ?

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 Shall Suggestion Shall we go to the beach ?

VERB USE EXAMPLE

Should Advice You should see a doctor.
Ought to Advice Students ought to revise to revise their lessons.

Had better Advice You d better make great effort .

Need Necessity You need English if you want to study in UK.

Needn' t No necessity You needn’t buy meat .we have some in the
fridge .
don' t need to Ali lives near the school.He doesn’t have to
doesn’t need to take a taxi .
Don’t have to No necessity We don’t have to bring books. We will us only
worksheets.
Doesn’t have to

② Perfect modals:
Definition, function and use:

When a modal auxiliary verb is followed by another verb in the present perfect tense to refer to
something in the past, it is sometimes referred to as perfect modals. They are also known as modals +
have for time in past.

Perfect modals are used to express regre t, possibility, obligation, deduction or assumption about
something that happened in the past.

Modal + have +past participle perfect context

Should have+ppv Regret I didn’t succeed in the exam ,I should have

revised my lessons.
Could have+ppv Possibility (past) She could have gone to any college she wants.

May have+ppv Possibility(past) I may have lost my mobile phone.

Might have+ppv Possibility (past) I might have lost my mobile phone.

Must have+ppv Certainty/deduction (past) I can't find the key , I must have lost it.

Needn't have+ppv No obligation (past) You needn’t have bought so much food , the
guests are few.
Can have +ppv Possibility (past) He can have gone to the party ,but he didn’t
want.
Can't have+ppv Impossibility (past) she can't have met Aicha because she is in
London.

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 PHRASAL VERBS
◊ PHRASAL VERBS
A phrasal verb is a multiple-word verb which consists of a base verb and a particles (a preposition or an
adverb.For example : look for ,put up with ,break down ...ect. Here are the most reccurent phrase verbs
in 2 Bac :

Phrasal verb Meaning Example

Apply for Send an application(job /visa) John asked his wife to apply for the job advertised in the newspaper.
Bring about Cause to happen New technology has brought about big changes in our daily life.
Come back Return/get back In summer ,I came back home late .
Fill in Complete with information He didnt fill in his application form correctly.So , it was rejected.
Find out Discover/get information Have you tried to find out how this machine works.
Get into Be involved in problem He gets into trouble with the government because he didnt pay taxes.
Grow up Develop from child to adult I was born in the city,but I grew up in a small village .
Leave behind Forget to bring At the airport , I realized I had left my passport behind .
Pick up Learn unconsciously I picked up some Spanish words when I was in Madrid .
Put off Leave to a later time Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today .
Put on Wear (cloths) Put on your coat, it' s cold in here .
Set off Begin a journey or trip They set off to Casablanca early to avoid the heavy trafic .
Set up Create or start Our teachers set up a new English club .
Turn down Not to accept For me , you shouldn't turn down such a well-paid job .
Turn off Cause to stop working Could you turn off the light when you go to bed ?
Break down Stop working or functioning This car is too old .It s likely to break down at any time .
Call for Require /need To combat drug addiction calls for the involvement of everybody.
Calm down Become more relaxed He was upset about the news ,then he calm down .
Give up Stop doing /quit if you want tobe healthy you should give up junky food .
Take after Resemble The girl takes after her mother .
Keep on Continue doing/go on I apologised for him , but he keeps on shouting .
Log on ≠Log out Enter a computer system She usually logs on social websites like Facebook and Twitter .
Look after Take care He looked after his his baby sister when his parents are out .
Look for Try to find /search for The policeare still looking for the criminal .
Look forward to Wait eagerly for I' m looking forward to seeing my syudents after the lockdown .
Look up Search a word in dictionary Try to look up difficult words in dictionary !
Make up Invent a story or excuses Was it a real story or you have just made it up ?
Show up Arrive / be present It's midnight and my brother doesnt show up .
Stand for Replace / mean The letters NGOS stand for Non-governmental organizations .
Take off Remove cloths It was so hot that I had to take off my shirt.
Take up Start doing an activty I need to go on diet and take up some sport activities .
Put up with Tolerate/endure/stand I can t put up with the noise .
jot down Write or take down notes When the teacher explains I jot down some inportant points .
Hand in Submit something The students handed in their papers and left the room.
Hand out Distribute something We will hand out the invitations at the door.
Run out of Have none left We ran out of shampoo, so I had to wash my hair with soap.
Run into Meet by chance Carlos ran into his English professor in the hallway.
Pass away Die His uncle passed away last night after a long illness.
come across Find by chance I ran across my old roommate at the college reunion.
Break into Enterby force The thief broke into the bank ,yesterday .

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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
N.B. All the sentences are taken from the previous BAC exam papers.

PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM or TENSE.

1. Tom’s uncle (work) . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . in Marseille for several years before he movedto Paris last
year.
2. My parents (retire) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the end of 2018.
3. Last summer, I travelled by plane to Paris for the first time. I (feel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .very nervous during
4. the journey because I (never/ take) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the plane before.
5. “It’s the best novel I (ever/ read) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !” Antonio told the teacher.
6. By this time next week, Younes (join) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the summer camp in Ifrane
7. Amine (work) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . as an engineer before he emigrated to Canada.
8. I wish I (not/miss) ……………………… my friend’s wedding; he was really disappointed
9. When Farid got to school, the exam (already/start) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. By June 2018, the workers (complete) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the high-speed rail line between Tangier and
Casa.
11. Leila first (meet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her husband when she was at university in 1996
12. By the end of next June, Brad ………………………………….. from college.

graduates - will have graduated - has graduated

13.Tourism (be) ………… a vital sector to the Moroccan economy. The authorities (work) ………………………… hard for
many years to promote the tourist industry. Last year, about nine million tourists (visit) …………………… Morocco. By
the end of 2013, the number of tourists (reach) …………………………ten million.

14.I wish I (not/ miss) …………………………….. my friend’s wedding; he was really disappointed.

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE WORDS FROM THE LIST. when - whom - who - which - where

1. He wants to know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . country will organise the next Olympic Games .

2. The young man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is next to me in the picture is my neighbour.

FILL IN EACH GAP WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST.

where - whose - which - whom - who

.1The Wilsons celebrated their 20th wedding anniversary in the restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . they first met.

2. Latifa lost the iPhone . . . . . . . . . . . . cost her 5000 DH.

Moroccan NGOs often help villages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .suffer from poverty.

whom - which - whose

1. The computer………………. keeps breaking down is driving me crazy.

whom - who - which

15
Jonna didn’t ………………………..at the party yesterday.
take up - stand for - show up

We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .take the bus to the stadium; we can go on foot.

need to - need - needn’t

USB……………………….Universal Serial Bus .

calls for – looks for – stands for

In my opinion, you shouldn't…………………… such a well-paid job .

Break down – turn down – call for

REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN.

1. An earthquake destroyed a city in New Zealand in February 2011.

A city in New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. “Will the students take part in the sports competition, Mrs Brown?”

The headmaster asked Mrs Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. “I didn’t accept Jamal’s marriage proposal,” Leila said with regret.

“We have known each other for a long time,” the suspects said.

4.The suspects told the police officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.Students must hand in the project work after the vacation.

The project work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.“I’ll come in the evening,” Susan said.

Susan told me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.Ifyou . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . me earlier about the bad weather, I would have stayed at home.

tell - had told - will tell

8. “I will repair the computer,” Harvey said.

Harvey promised……………………………………………………………………………………..……

9.Because of bad weather, the airport authorities cancelled all flights.

All flights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.“Where did you spend your holiday?” Rachid asked his friend.Rachid wanted to know . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................................

11. You didn’t check a dictionary; that’s why you made many spelling mistakes. If you . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
 FUNCTIONS AND LINKING WORDS

1)MAKING REQUEST

. Could . Would

.Would + you + verb …,please? you mind + verb + ing ….please?

.Can . Do

2)GIVING ADVICE

. should + v … . Why don’t you + v ……?

. had better (d' better ) + v … . If I were you I would ( d ') + v …
. ought to + v … . Etc.

3)MAKING SUGGESTION

. Shall we + V … ? . Why don’t we / you + V … ?

. What about + V + ing… ? . Let ' s + V …
. How about + V + ing… ? . Etc.

4)GIVING OPINION

. In my opinion … . I think / believe / guess that …

. In my point of view … . As I see it …
. For me … . It seems to me that …
. As far as I am concerned … . To my mind …

5)AGREEING

. I agree . . Good idea .

. So do I . . I think it’s a good idea .
. You are right . . I side with you on this point .
. That ' s right . . No doubt about it .
. I agree . . Good idea .

17
6)DISAGREEING

. I disagree . . ( I 'm sorry , but ) I don’t agree .

. I don’t think so . . I would say the exact opposite .
. (No.) That' s not right . . Not necessary
. Yes , but … . That' s not always the case .

7)COMPLAINING

. I 'm sorry to say this, but …. . Sorry, I want to make a complaint about….
. Sorry I have a complaint about …. . I m dissatisfied with ….

8)APOLGISING

. I' m (so /very/awfully/terribly ) sorry . . I apologize for + V + ing ….

. I' m sorry for + V + ing …. . I' m ashamed of + V + ing ….
. Accept my apology. . I do apologize.

9)CONCESSION AND CONTRAST

. I' m (so /very/awfully/terribly ) sorry . . I apologize for + V + ing ….

. I' m sorry for + V + ing …. . I' m ashamed of + V + ing ….
. Accept my apology. . I do apologize.

10)ADDITION

. Moreover . Also
. Furthermore . Not only ……. But also ……
. In addition to . Both ……. And ……..
. Besides . Etc.

18
11)CAUSE AND EFFECT

Cause : EFFECT :
. Because . So
. Since . Consequently
. AS long as . Hence
. As a result . Therefore
. Because of + noun/gerund . That' s why
. Due to + noun/gerund . For this reason
. Thanks to + noun/gerund . Thus

12)PURPOSE

. So as(not) to + V
. In order(not) to + V
. To + V
. For + Noun / Gerund
. So that + subject + can(not) ( present ) / could(not) ( past ) + infinitive ….. .

13)EXPRESSING LACK OF UNDERSTANDING

. I don’t quite follow you . . Sorry, I missed your point .

. Sorry, I didn’t get /grasp your point . . I beg your pardon ?
. Could you say that again? . I don’t see what you' re getting at .

14)ASKING FOR CLARIFICATION

. What do you mean by ….. ? . Could you explain more ?

. Could you clarify that please ? . Would you elaborate on that please ?
. Could you be more explicit ? . Could you say that in a different way ?

15)RESPONDING TO GOOD NEWS

. Sounds great ! . Good news !you deserve it .

. Oh , how wonderful ! . Congratulation !
. That’s great! /wonderful!/fantastic! . I' m happy / glade to hear that .
. Wow !that sounds exciting ! . Really , I can't believe that .

19
16 )RESPONDING TO BAD NEWS

. Poor you ! . I do sympathize with you .

. That' s must be awful ! . Please accept my deepest sympathy .
. My goodness ! . I know how you must be feeling.

17)DEFINING

. is / are . can be defined as

. refer(s) to . can be described as
. mean(s) . stand(s) for (for abbreviation)

18)EXPRESSING CERTAINTY AND UNCERTAINTY

❖ EXPRESSING CERTAINTY

. Yes I' m positive /sure /certain that + S + V …..

. Yes /no , of course ./certainly(not) /absolutely(not) /definitely(not)
. No one can deny / It' s crystal clear / S + must + V

❖ EXPRESSING UNCERTAINTY

. Well, it's impossible /it could happen / it might be / it' s not possible
. I doubt it / I have my doubts /it' s doubtful / may be
. I' m not really sure / It s (highly) unlikely
. No one can say for certain / You never know of course

20
 FUNCTIONS AND LINKING WORDS PRACTICE

MATCH EACH STATEMENT WITH ITS APPROPRIATE FUNCTION.

1. “I’m sorry, I took your keys by mistake,” he said. a. concession

2. Nancy took up English lessons to increase her chances to get the job. b. apology

3. “Would you like a cup of tea?” he asked me. c. offering

4. Mr Baker attended the meeting despite his sickness. d. purpose

1 →…………… 2.→…………… 3.→…………….. 4.→…………

WRITE APPROPRIATE RESPONSES TO THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS. (2 pts)

Your friend: “I didn’t pass my driving test yesterday.”

You: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Your friend: “My computer is infected with a virus.”

You: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………..

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EXCHANGE APPROPRIATELY.

Tony needs his classmate’s calculator to do his math homework.

Tony: (makes a request) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Classmate: (responds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MATCH EACH STATEMENT WITH ITS APPROPRIATE FUNCTION.

1. “I’m sorry, I took your keys by mistake,” he said. a. concession

2. Nancy took up English lessons to increase her chances to get the job. b. apology

3. “Would you like a cup of tea?” he asked me. c. offering

4. Mr Baker attended the meeting despite his sickness. d. purpose

1.→………………… 2.→…………… 3.→…………….. 4.→…………

WRITE APPROPRIATE RESPONSES TO THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS.

Your friend: “I didn’t pass my driving test yesterday.”

You: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Your friend: “My computer is infected with a virus.”

3. You: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MATCH EACH STATEMENT WITH ITS APPROPRIATE FUNCTION. (4 pts)

21
 1. “I’m sorry, I took your keys by mistake,” he said. a. concession

2. Nancy took up English lessons to increase her chances to get the job. b. apology

3. “Would you like a cup of tea?” he asked me. c. offering

4. Mr Baker attended the meeting despite his sickness. d. purpose

1→…………………….. 2.→……………………. 3.→…………………….. 4.→…………………

JOIN THE PAIRS OF SENTENCES WITH THE LINKING WORDS GIVEN.

1. Lisa is getting fat. She eats unhealthy food. ( as a result)

........................................................................................

2. Morocco has set up a large solar plant. Morocco wants to produce clean energy. (in order to)

.......................................................................................
3.The Smiths didn’t send their daughter to university as they couldn’t pay for her studies.

Because…………………………………,

4. Taha Hussein was blind. Yet, he wrote a lot of books.

Although. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.The show was postponed. There were some technical problems. (due to)

.......................................................................................

6.Fatma got a loan from the bank. She wanted to start a small business. (so as to)

.......................................................................................

7 .Rachid got a loan from the bank. He wanted to buy an apartment. (in order to)

.......................................................................

8. The meeting was cancelled. The manager was sick. (because of)

9. I like studying alone. My sister prefers working with a group. (whereas)

............. ..................... ......... ............. ...............

10.Great efforts were made by the municipality. Our city has become cleaner. (thanks to)

11.Taha Hussein was blind. Yet, he wrote a lot of books.

Although. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.Mr Parker was poor; however, he managed to educate his kids well.

Despite…………………………..,……………………………………………………………………………

22
 VOCABULARY
◊ COLLOCATIONS
A collocation is a combination of two or more words that often go together .

Here are some recurrent Baccollocations :

Collocations Collocations

Adult literacy Adult illiteracy

Brain drain Boarding school
Common good Brain gain
Computer illiterate Civic education
Critical thinking Communication technology
Cultural diversity Computer system
Educational system Developed countries
Film making Digital camera
Formal education Equal opportunities
Gender gap Go through a crisis
General assembly Have fun
Have access Have the opportunity
Health care Higher education
High priority Human rights
Information technology International organization
Look forward to Literacy classes
Make fun of Local community
Mobile phone Make mistakes
National initiative Non-formal education
Natural disaster Non-profit organization
Non-governmental organization Note taking
Pay attention Problem solving
Rural areas Financial support
School subject Sustainable development
Secretary general Take measures
Take care Take place
Cultural diversity Culture shock
Cultural values Sense of humour
Immune system Active role
Blood pressure Digital age
Voluntary work Renewable energy
Global warming Equal rights
Equal status Gender discrimination
Gender gap Family code
International community Juvenile delinquency
Distance learning Family code
Community services Civil society
Under-developed country Developing countries
General assembly Financial help/assistance
Gifted youth Critical thinking

23
 WORD FORMATION
PRIFIXES AND SUFFIXES
A PREFIX : is a letter or combination of letters which is added before a word root to change its meaning .

A SUFFIX : is a letter or combination of letters which is added to the end of a word to change its meaning and
category (noun/verb/adjective/adverb).Here are the most recurrent 2 Bac word formations :

VERB NOUN
1. educate a. Education
2. communicate b. Communication
3. participate c. Participation
4. contribute d. Contribution
5. promote e. Promotion
6. discriminate f. Descrimination
7. integrate g. Integration
8. create h. Creation
9. emigrate i. Emigration
10. graduate j. Graduation
11. pollute k. Pollution
12. invent l. Invention
13. protect m. Protection
14. prevent n. Prevention
15. predict o. Prediction
16. react p. Reaction
17. destroy q. Destruction
18. consume r. Consumption
19. organize s. Organization
20. preserve t. Preservation
21. inform u. Information
22. explain v. Explaination
23. apply w. Application

1. develop a. Development
2. improve b. Improvemet
3. achieve c. Achievement
4. invest d. Investment
5. involve e. Involvement
6. manage f. Management
7. treat g. Treatment
8. agree h. Agreement
9. engage i. Engagement
10. employ j. Employment
11. establish k. Establishment
12. arrange l. Arrangement
13. govern m. Government

24
VERB NOUN
1. Accept a. Acceptance
2. Perform b. Performance
3. Resist c. Resistance
4. Assist d. Assistance
5. Appear e. Appearance
6. Disturb f. Disturbance
7. Attend g. Attendance
8. Ignore h. Ignorance
9. Tolerate i. Tolerance

10. Differ j. Difference

11. Depend k. Dependence

12. Grow l. Growth

13. Know m. Knowledge

14. Behave n. Behaviour

NOUN ADJECTIVE
1. Culture a. Cultural
2. Nature b. Natural
3. Medicine c. Medical
4. Occasion d. Occasional
5. Universe e. Universal
6. Environment f. Environmental
7. Nation g. National
8. Person h. Personal
9. Profession i. Professional
10. Tradition j. Traditional
11. Society k. Social
12. Politics l. Political
13. Ecology m. Ecological
14. Technology n. Technological

1. Finance a. Financial
2. Industry b. Industrial
3. Commerce c. Commercial
4. Editor d. Editorial
5. Ceremony e. Ceremonial

1. Economy a. Economic
2. Comedy b. Comic
3. Science c. Scientific
4. Romance d. Romantic
5. Energy e. Energetic

25
NNNoun Adjective
1. Health a. Healthy
2. Wealth b. Wealthy
3. Risk c. Risky
4. Wind d. Windy
5. Sleep e. Sleepy

1. Danger a. Dangerous
2. Hasard b. Hasardous
3. Disaster c. Disasterous
4. Humour d. Humourous
5. Pioson e. Piosonous
6. Ambition f. Ambitionous

1. Happiness a. Happy
2. Politeness b. Polite
3. Sadness c. Sad
4. Illness d. Ill
5. Kindness e. Kind
6. Conciousness f. Concious
7. Awareness g. Aware

1. Success a. Successful
2. Harm b. Harmful / harmless
3. Use c. Useful / useless
4. Peace d. Peaceful
5. Care e. Careful / careless
6. Help f. Helpful
7. beauty g. beautiful

1. Literacy a. Literate
2. Illiteracy b. Illiterate
3. Responsibility c. Responsible
4. Popularity d. Popular
5. Creativity e. Creative
6. Activity f. Active

1. Poverty a. Poor

Other formations :

. Citizen citizenship .addict addiction

. king kingdom . cooperate cooperation

. Relation relationship .unemploy unemployment

. Member membership .volunteer voluntary.

26
 VOCABULARY PRACTICE
PRACTICE PRACTICE
FILL IN EACH GAP WITH AN APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST.
formal -defend - achievement - prevent - agreement - global

We should do our best to ………………………... people from employing children.

Many world leaders attended last year’s conference on ………………………...warming.

Hind’s parents are satisfied with her ………………………... at school.

community - subject - illiteracy - local - higher

Narjiss hopes to continue her………………… education in Montpelier for a PhD degree.

“Adult ………………….is an issue that should be given priority in our educational system”

Kelly often tells funny jokes to her classmates; she has a good sense of . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pride - humour - responsibility

care - subject - gap - attention - access

Many people in the countryside now have ……………………… to water and electricity.

“Which school ………………………… do you find most interesting?” Dad asked me.

achievement – education – awareness – assistance – agreement

1. The government has signed an international . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to fight organised crime.

2. The aim of this campaign is to raise students’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about the importance.

GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS BETWEEN BRACKETS.

1. Talented people are often (ambition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and creative.
2. Some parents show a lot of (tolerant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . towards their kids’ behaviour.
3.More and more parents are worried about their children’s (addict) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to computers and
smart phones. They say that these means of (entertain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .are isolating them from the real
world.
4. Hanane Al Fadili is a famous Moroccan (art)………………………… .; her performances always reflect great talent and
(creative) ……………… …………
5. We need a (science) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . explanation of this phenomenon.
6. Physical (punish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is forbidden in schools.
7. Brahim’s (ambitious) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is to become a lawyer.
8.The two political parties couldn’t (agreement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on the electoral reform.
9.More and more parents are worried about their children’s (addict) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..to computers and smart
phones. They say that these means of (entertain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .are isolating them from the real world.
10. Some parents show a lot of (tolerant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . towards their kids’ behaviour.

27
 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Verb (Infinitive) Past Simple Past Participle Arabic Meaning

Be Was /were Been ‫كان‬
bear bore born (e) ‫تحمل‬
Beat beat beaten ‫ هزم‬/‫ضرب‬
become became become ‫هزم‬/‫اصبح‬
begin began begun ‫بدأ‬
bite bit bitten ‫عض‬
bleed bled bled ‫نزف‬
blow blew blown ‫هب‬/‫نفخ‬
break broke broken ‫ حطم‬/‫كسر‬
bring brought brought ‫احضر‬/‫جلب‬
build built built ‫شيد‬/‫بنى‬
burn Burnt (burned) burnt (burned) ‫حرق‬
buy bought bought ‫اشترى‬
catch caught caught ‫أمسك‬/‫التقط‬
choose chose chosen ‫اختار‬
Come came come ‫اتى‬/‫جاء‬
Cost cost cost ‫كلف‬
Cut cut cut ‫قطع‬
deal with dealtwith dealtwith ‫تعمل مع‬
Dig dug dug ‫حفر‬
Do did done ‫فعل‬
Draw drew drawn ‫رسم‬
dream dreamt (dreamed) dreamt (dreamed) ‫حلم‬
Drink drank drunk ‫شرب‬
Drive drove driven ‫ساق‬/‫قاد‬
Eat ate eaten ‫اكل‬
Fall fell fallen ‫ وقع‬/‫سقط‬
Feed fed fed ‫غذى‬/‫اطعم‬
feel felt felt
Fight fought fought ‫حارب تشاجر‬
Find found found ‫وجد‬
Fly flew flown ‫طار‬/‫حلق‬
Forbid forbade forbidden ‫منع‬
forget forgot forgotten ‫نسي‬
freeze froze frozen ‫تجمد‬
Get got got ‫صار‬/‫حصل‬
Give gave given ‫منح‬/‫اعطى‬
Go went gone ‫دهب‬
Grow grew grown ‫كبر‬/‫نما‬
Hang hung hung ‫علق‬
Have had had ‫ملك‬
Hear heard heard ‫سمع‬
Hide hid hidden ‫خبا‬/‫اخفى‬
Hit hit hit ‫ضرب‬

28
Hold held held ‫امسك‬
Hurt hurt hurt ‫جرح‬/‫اذى‬
Keep kept kept ‫احتفض‬
Know knew known ‫علم‬/‫عرف‬
Lead led led ‫ ادى الى‬/‫قاد‬
Learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned) ‫تعلم‬
Leave left left ‫غادر‬
Lend lent lent ‫اقرض‬
Let let let ‫ترك‬
Lie lay lain ‫استلقى‬
Light lit lit ‫اضاء‬/‫انار‬
Lose lost lost ‫خسر‬/‫ فقد‬/‫اضاع‬
Make made made ‫جعل‬/‫صنع‬/‫حضر‬
Mean meant meant ‫ عنى‬/‫قصد‬
Meet met met ‫قابل‬/‫التقى‬/‫اجتمع‬
Pay paid paid ‫دفع‬/‫سدد‬/‫ادى‬
Put put put ‫وضع‬
Quit quit quit ‫ترك‬/‫غادر‬
Read read read ‫قرا‬
Ride rode ridden ‫امتطى‬/‫ركب‬
Ring rang rung ‫رن‬
rise rose risen ‫ارتفع‬
run ran run ‫ركض‬/‫جرى‬
say said said ‫قال‬
see saw seen ‫رأى أبصر‬
sell sold sold ‫باع‬
send sent sent ‫أرسل‬
set set set ‫ كون‬/‫أنشأ‬
shake shook shaken ‫صافح‬/‫حرك‬/‫هز‬
shine shone shone ‫لمع‬
shoot shot shot ‫اطلق النار‬//‫رمى‬
show showed Shown (showed) ‫ارى‬/‫بين‬
shut shut shut ‫اغلق‬
sing sang sung ‫غنى‬
sink sank sunk ‫غرق‬
sit sat sat ‫جلس‬
sleep slept slept ‫نام‬
slide slid slid ‫انزلق‬
speak spoke spoken ‫تكلم‬
spend spent spent ‫قضى‬/‫اانفق‬
spread spread spread ‫انتشر‬
stand stood stood ‫وقف‬
steal stole stolen ‫سرق‬
stick stuck stuck ‫الصق‬
sting stung stung ‫لسع‬/‫لدغ‬
strike struck struck ‫ضرب‬
swear swore sworn ‫اقسم‬
swim swam swum ‫سبح‬
take took taken ‫أخد‬
teach taught taught ‫علم‬
tear tore torn ‫مزق‬

29
tell told told ‫أخبر‬
think thought thought ‫ظن‬/‫فكر‬
throw threw thrown ‫رمى‬
understand understood understood ‫فهم‬
wake woke woken ‫استيقظ‬
wear wore worn ‫لبس‬/‫ارتدى‬
win won won ‫فاز‬/‫ربح‬
write wrote written ‫كتب‬

30
 WRITING
TEMPLATES

1- A REPORT

Write a report about ……………………………………………………....................................

T
The title :……………………………………..

Introduction:

The town hall conference room was the destination of hundreds of people last…………………….(date)
The event was a seminar/ a conference organized by ………………( organizers).The seminar/ conference
revolved around an urgent topic :………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Body:

Participants including(participants)……………………..,………………………………………………………………………………….
and…..…………………………………attended the meeting .The audience reached the estimated
number(attendance)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………
The activities included (activities)………………………..and …………………………………………………………………………….
The participants agreed that there were three causes of ( topic)………………………………………. The first one
is……………………………….. the second cause is ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
And the third cause is ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .

The participants concluded the seminar/ conference with urgent recommendations . They suggested the
government/ministry should……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………and………………………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion:

All those who attended the seminar agreed that it was ……………………………………………………………………………
and …………………………… . Most of them were ………………………………………………………………………………………but
many others ……………………………………………………………................................................................................... .

31
2- A BOOK / FILM REVIEW (Write a review of a film or book that you have seen or read)

Introduction:

I recently saw / read a film or book ‘ title of the book’……………………….. by

(name of the film maker or the book writer) ………………………… It’s a …………( genre : an action/ detective/
love story etc.) …………………film/ book.

Body :

It tells the story of / It’s about a/an

……………………..who/which…………………………..( give a brief summary of the story)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The story takes place in ( a forest/mountains/city/Country side / country).
The main characters are ………………………………………….. I liked it / didn’t like it
because……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Conclusion

I advise people to read it or not to read it/ Go and see or not to go and see it because…………………..
……………………………..(possible reasons)……………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. .

32
3- A PERSONAL LETTER / AN EMAIL

Sender’s address
Without name
Date

Dear X / Hi X/Hello X( x name of the receiver)

Thank you for your last letter in which you told me / wrote to me about …………………………………

I am glad/ happy/ Pleased to hear / to know that ………………………………………………… it was really

informative/ interesting …………………………………It’s my turn to tell you about ………………………………………in
my city/ country/ town , etc. Well, to begin with,…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
I am writing to hear from you soon/ Write to me soon.
Best wishes to you and your family

( your name)

This letter template can also be used as an e-mail by changing the word ‘ letter’with ‘ e mail’ and
deleting the address because you are using your email address . The data and time are also added
automatically .

N.B.In the exam paper you aren’t allowed to mention your name or address.

33
4- AN OFFICIAL LETTER

Sender’s address
( without name)
Date
Receiver’s address
( include position: manager, editor, etc.)

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to give you my opinion / inform you/ to complain about ……………………………………………………

…………………………………………. ( choose and give the reasons why you are writing ) ………………………………….

Explain, give details , information, specify actions to take if necessary ……………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours sincerely,
Name
signature

34
5- WRITING AN OPINION ESSAY (A)

Introduction

……………………… is one of the problems/ challenges that face our society today.

………………………is an important issue in our time / society / modern world.

……………………….is one of the greatest / the most useful inventions in our nowadays.

There are people who …………………………and there others who ………………………………..

I think / believe that ……………………………….. for several reasons.

Body

The first reason is …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

( explain and give examples) …………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Another reason is …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

( explain and give examples)……………………………………………………………………………………..

Last but not least, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(explain and give examples) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Conclusion

To summarize/ in conclusion , ……………………………………………………………………………………..

Therefore/for these reasons , ………………………………………………………………………………………

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- WRITING AN OPINION ESSAY (B)

Introduction

Writing an opinion essay (begin with a brief definition and state the importance/danger/seriousness of
the issue you want to give your opinion about …………………….show that it is a controversial issue).
However people have different opinions/views about it.
There are those who think/believe that …………………………On the other hand there are those who
see/find that ………………………………………………….each of those has their own arguments.

Body

Those who believe that …………………….use different arguments. First ,…………………………..

Another thing,. ………………………………..Moreover, ……………………………………………….
Finally, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
As for those who …………………………………… they have various /other reasons. Firstly,
………………………………….Besides , ………………. …………………………. In addition to this,
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Conclusion

In my opinion/ For me /As I see it, I think/believe that ……………… …..for a number of reasons,
………………………………………………………………………………….
To begin with, ………………………………………………………Another reason, …………………
Last but not least, …………………………………………………………………………………………

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6.WRITING ABOUT CAUSES AND EFFECTS :

What are the causes and effects of ……………………………………………………………..?

Introduction
……………………………………is a dangerous/ serious phenomenon which threatens/affects
…………………………. Negatively. So what are its causes and consequences?

Body
…………………………………………. has several/numerous causes. To begin with, ………………
Moreover,………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In addition to this, ……………………………………………………………………………………….
has many negative/dangerous effect. First ……………………………………………………………..
Another thing, ………………………………………………Besides, ……………………… it also
………………………..Finally, ………………………………………………………………………… .

Conclusion
As we have noticed …………………………………………has many negative effects on ……………
There are a number of things/measures that can be done /taken to solve/ reduces the effects of this
problem. First, ……………………………………….Second, ………………………………………..
Moreover, …………………………………………………………………………………… .

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7.WRITING ABOUT ADVANTAGES ANDDISADVANTAGES

Introduction:

1. …… is a great (invention)/ seems to be dangerous /serious/bad etc. Yet, it can/ can cause/ be
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

So, what are its advantages and disadvantages ?or

2. No one can deny the great influence that ………….. has on our life.
3. However, it/they may have ( a) ……….dangerous/ bad impact on ………………………….

Body:
………………………………………………. have many positive sides. First of all,………...
……………………………….Moreover, ………………………………………………………………
In addition to this, ……………………………………………………………………………………..
However , (invention)can have negative effects. Firstly , …………………………………………..
……………………………….. Besides , ………………………………………………………..

Conclusion:

As we have seen ……………………………………..has both positive and negative sides. So we need

to …………………………………. to make it more profitable. One thing is to ……………………….
another thing we should …………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………… .

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8.NARRATIVE (story)

You can start like this (choose)

1. I’ll never forget the day when ………………………………………………………………………

2. A funny/scary/sad story happened when …………………………………………………………..

3. The funniest/scariest/saddest / experience/ story in my life was the one which happened to me

in / when I was (.place) ………………………………………………………………………………

I was (where?) ……………………… (who with?) ……………… when ? (day, time)

What were you doing ? What happened? What did you do? What was the result? How did

you feel about it? Did you tell somebody about it? How did they react?

Useful expressions to use:

First ,and after that ,after a while , few minutes later, the next day, when ,while , suddenly ….etc.

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9. DESCRIPTIVE (Describing an object)

Introduction:

(A general introduction about the object. It can be a definition + the use of this object)

The body:

Paragraph 1.Physical description: shape, color, weight, style

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Paragraph 2.Could be about the use/importance/options …. of this object
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion:
Your attitude towards this object/ memories related to this object

You can start like this:

…………..is one of the greatest inventions …………………./ is a means of …………………………….
Let’s talk about ………………………………………. First of all, ……………………………………….
Another aspect is …………………………………..In addition to this, ………………………………….
Now let’s move to ……………………….First, ……………………..Besides , ………………………….
Moreover, ………………………………………………………………………………………
In spite of the advantages/disadvantages that ……………………..has. I feel/think/believe that
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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10. DESCRIPTIVE (Describing a place)

One of the places I still remember/ I will never forget is ……………because ………………………..
I have been to many places, but the one which I will always remember is ……………………………
(What place is it? Location etc. detailed description ……………………………………………………
The feelings associated with the place ……………………………………………………………………

Useful expressions to use:

At the top/at the bottom/in the center/middle/on the right/left/next to/near/behind

Introduction:
Give general information about the place.
Body:

Describe interesting things and places (you have done and seen).
Conclusion:
Express your feelings about the place /recommendation to visit the place.

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11.DESCRIPTIVE (Describing a person)

Who is this person? Where is s/he from? What does s/he do? How do you know about her/him?
Classmate/friend/neighbor/ relative ……………………………………………………

What does sh/he look like? Describe her/him?

Age / date and place of birth/tall/short/average height/thin/fat/muscular ….hair/eyes color ….

How does sh/he dress ?…………………………………………………………………………

What is sh/he like? her/his character and personality.

smart / intelligent/hardworking ……………………………………………………………..

What do you like most about this person? Any skills /anything special?

What I like most about her/him is that …………………………………………………….

You can begin your paragraph like this:

X is my ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Introduction:

Say the name of the person and where/when/how you met.

Body:

Describe the person s' physical appearance .

Talk about his personal qualities.
Talk about the person s' hobbies and interests.
Conclusion:

Make general Comments and express feelings.

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MOCK EXAMS

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NATIONAL EXAMS

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 THERE IS NO
ELEVATOR
TO SUCCESS .
YOU HAVE TO TAKE THE STAIRS.

SUCCESS IS NO ACCIDENT .
IT IS HARD WORK .
PERSERVERANCE , LEARNING ,
STUDYING, SACRIFICEAND MOST OF ALL , LOVE OF
WHAT YOU ARE DOING.
OR LEARNING TO DO.

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 To
All
Second Baccalaureate
Students

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 CORONA VIRUS
IS
A TOPIC OF COUPLE OF MONTHS,

BUT
SECOND BACCALAUREATE
IS
A TOPIC OF THE WHOLE LIFE

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