LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO.

1
Turns Ratio and Polarity Test

OBJECTIVES
• To perform polarity and turns ratio test on a single phase distribution transformer.
• To know the polarity of a single phase distribution transformer whether it is additive or
subtractive.
• To determine the polarity and turns ratio by using basic computations of the obtain
parameters.

DISCUSSION
Transformer Polarity refers to the relative direction of the induced voltages between the high
voltage terminals and the low voltage terminals. During the AC half-cycle when the applied voltage
(or current in the case of a current transformer) is from H1 to H2 the secondary induced voltage
direction will be from X1 to X2. Polarity means the direction of the induced voltages in the primary
and the secondary winding of the transformer. If the two transformers are connected in parallel, then
the polarity should be known for the proper connection of the transformer. There are two types of
polarity one is Additive, and another is Subtractive.

Additive Polarity

In additive polarity, the different terminals of the primary and the secondary
windings ofthe transformer are connected.

Subtractive Polarity

In subtractive polarity, same terminals of the primary and secondary side of the
transformer are connected.
 Transformer turns ratio is the number of turns of the
primary winding divided by the number of turns of the secondary
coil. The transformer turns ratio provides the expected operation
of the transformer and the corresponding voltage required on the
secondary winding. The turns ratio of a transformer therefore
defines the transformer as step up or step- down. Transformers are
all about “ratios”. The ratio of the primary to the secondary, the
ratio of the input to the output, and the turns ratio of any given
transformer will be the same as itsvoltage ratio. In other words for
a transformer: “turns ratio = voltage ratio”

MATERIALS

- Tester high voltage test lead

- Tester low voltage test lead
- Single phase distribution transformer diagram
- Digital Mutitester

Procedure

For Polarity Test

 List down the values of the voltages as measured V1, V2 & V3.

 V1 is the supply Voltage .If the value of V3 is higher than the value
ofV1 then the transformer is said to be in additive polarity.

 Then measure the secondary voltage V2 that added in the supply

voltage for the proof that the transformer is in additive polarity.

 V1 is the supply Voltage . If the value of V3 is lower than the

 value ofV1 then the transformer is said to be in subtractive
polarity.

For Turns Ratio

 List down the value of the voltages of primary voltage and secondary
voltage.

From the obtain values, compute the value of turns ratio by using the formula of turns ratio.The
primary voltage over the secondary voltage is directly proportional to the primary number of
turns over the secondary number of turns and inversely proportional to the secondary current
over the primary current.

Data and Result

POLARITY TEST
This table represents the data gathered as well as the results of
the simulation shown in thefigures above.

Transformer Ratings V1 V2 V3 Turns Ratio Polarity

Brand
Additive(in V) Subtractive (in V)

Table 1. Polarity & Turns Ratio Test

Conclusion