CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The AETDC Grandstand, located in Fernando Air Base, Lipa City, Batangas, is a critical

facility for the Philippine Air Force (PAF). It serves as the primary venue for important

ceremonies, events, and drills, accommodating many people during its events. As this

grandstand plays a significant role in the PAF's mission and the safety of its occupants,

ensuring its structural safety and stability is essential.

In the design and construction of grandstands, structural safety and stability are

paramount concerns. These structures are subject to various loading conditions, such

as wind, seismic, and crowd loading. Inadequate structural design, poor construction

practices, and lack of maintenance can lead to structural failures, resulting in injuries,

fatalities, and property damage.

The AETDC Grandstand was built in 2006 and has been in use for over ten years. Over

time, wear and tear, and environmental factors can compromise structural integrity and

stability. Ensuring the long-term safety and stability of the grandstand requires a

comprehensive static analysis of the grandstand to identify potential weaknesses and

recommend necessary changes.

Conducting a structural analysis of the AETDC Grandstand will help identify potential

safety event venues. In addition, the results of this study can be used to inform future

design and construction of similar structures, contributing to their safety and stability.
As researchers, it is our responsibility to prioritize public safety and ensure that critical

facilities such as the AETDC Grandstand meet the highest standards of safety and

stability.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The AETDC Grandstand in Fernando Air Base, Lipa City, Batangas, serves as a critical

venue for important ceremonies, events, and drills of the Philippine Air Force. Due to its

age and potential structural weaknesses, there is a need to conduct a comprehensive

structural analysis of the grandstand to ensure its long-term safety and stability.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive structural analysis of the

AETDC Grandstand in Fernando Air Base, Lipa City. The study will assess the

grandstand's structural integrity, strength, and stability under various loading conditions,

such as wind, seismic, and crowd loading. The findings of the study will be used to

identify any potential structural weaknesses, recommend necessary modifications, and

ensure the grandstand's long-term safety and stability.

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Grandstands, such as the AETDC Grandstand, are large and elevated structures used

for viewing events such as sports, concerts, and ceremonies. Ensuring the safety and

stability of such structures is crucial to prevent accidents and protect the lives of those

who use them. Therefore, thorough structural analysis is necessary to evaluate their

strength, stability, and safety under different loading conditions.

Several studies have been conducted to investigate the structural analysis of

grandstands. These studies provide valuable insights into the design and construction

of such structures and can be applied to the AETDC Grandstand to ensure its long-term

safety and stability.

One study conducted by Chen et al. in 2017 focused on the dynamic response of

grandstands under various loading conditions, such as wind and seismic loads. The

study used finite element analysis to simulate the response of the grandstand. The

results suggested that the structure should be designed to withstand both wind and

forces. The study also highlighted the importance of considering the dynamic response

of grandstands under various loading conditions.

Another study by Zhao et al. in 2018 investigated the structural safety and stability of

grandstands under crowd loads. The study analyzed the structural response of

grandstands under different crowd densities and concluded that the stability of

grandstands should be ensured by considering the crowd loads in the design. The study
also highlighted the importance of considering the human factor in the design of

grandstands.

Furthermore, a study by Li et al. in 2019 evaluated the structural response of

grandstands under different temperature and humidity conditions. The study found that

temperature and humidity could significantly affect the structural response of

grandstands and should be considered in the design. The study also highlighted the

importance of considering environmental factors in the design of grandstands.

Another study by Yang et al. in 2019 investigated the dynamic response of grandstands

under earthquake excitations. The study used a numerical model to simulate the

response of grandstands under different earthquake excitations. The study concluded

that the dynamic response of grandstands under earthquake excitations should be

considered in the design to ensure their safety and stability.

Moreover, a study by Cao et al. in 2020 investigated the effect of structural irregularities

on the dynamic response of grandstands. The study found that structural irregularities,

such as variations in stiffness and mass, could significantly affect the dynamic response

of grandstands. The study highlighted the importance of considering structural

irregularities in the design of grandstands.

Overall, the findings from these studies emphasize the importance of a comprehensive

understanding of various loading conditions, environmental factors, structural

irregularities, and human factor in the design and analysis of grandstands to ensure

their long-term safety and stability. These insights can be applied to the AETDC

Grandstand to evaluate its structural integrity and improve its safety and stability.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conceptual framework for this study is based on the following factors: (1) loading

conditions, (2) structural design and construction, and (3) safety and stability. Loading

conditions refer to the various forces that affect the grandstand, such as wind, seismic,

and crowd loading. Structural design and construction refer to the design, construction,

and maintenance practices that affect the grandstand's safety and stability. Safety and

stability refer to the ability of the grandstand to withstand loading conditions and

maintain its structural integrity.