GEOGRAPHY

(Two hours and fifteen minutes)

Summative Assessment-2, 2022-23

GRADE: VI Maximum Marks: 80

Foreword:
• Award the necessary marks for an alternative correct answer written by the student other than the
one specified in the marking scheme.
• Stress on keywords. An answer written in child’s own words with correct description and
keywords should be appreciated and full marks should be awarded.
• For mild spelling errors please do not deduct marks, however, if the spelling is completely
twisted then deduct marks. Use your discretion when deducting marks, it depends on how you
have trained your children but be sensitive to their understanding and abilities.
• One point/one keyword means 1 mark. (see specific questions)
Section A (10 Marks)
Attempt all questions from this Section
Question 1 [10]
On the outline map of South America provided, mark or shade and label the
following
i. Brazil (1)
ii. Ecuador (1)
iii. Mt. Aconcagua (1)
iv. Brazilian Highlands (1)
v. Caribbean Sea (1)
vi. Pacific Ocean (1)
vii. River Orinoco (1)
viii. River Amazon (1)
ix. Equator (1)
x. Tropic of Capricorn (1)

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Question 2 Fill in the blanks: [10]
i. In __________, livestock ranching and crop cultivation are done side by side. (1)
a. plantation farming
b. mixed farming
c. intensive farming
d. commercial farming
ii. ________ is the milk like substance secreted from the rubber tree. (1)
a. latex
b. molasses
c. bagasse
d. beverage
iii. ___________ is the leading producer of cotton in the world. (1)
a. Japan
b. China
c. India
d. Brazil
iv. One of the most affordable natural fibre is _____________. (1)
a. sugarcane
b. silk
c. jute
d. rubber
v. The Guiana Highlands and the Brazilian Highlands are separated by the (1)
_______river.
a. Parana
b. Orinoco
c. Sao Francisco
d. Amazon
vi. The Magdalena and Cauca Rivers empty into the _________. (1)
a. Caribbean Sea
b. Atlantic Ocean
c. Pacific Ocean
d. Indian Ocean
vii. Large cattle farms in the grasslands are known as ________. (1)

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 a. Pampas
b. Selva
c. Estancias
d. Altiplano
viii. Magnetite is an ore of ______ and has magnetic properties. (1)
a. zinc
b. iron
c. manganese
d. lead
ix. Non-metallic minerals are usually found in ___________ rocks. (1)
a. Sedimentary
b. Metamorphic
c. Igneous
d. intrusive igneous
x. __________ are smaller occurrences of metal deposits in cracks of rocks. (1)
a. lodes
b. veins
c. lava
d. ores

Question 3 Answer in one line: [10]

i. What kind of climate is needed for growing tea? (1)
Tea requires a moderately hot and humid climate.
ii. What is meant by pisciculture? (1)
Pisciculture is the breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks or ponds.
iii. Define: Horticulture (1)
Horticulture involves growing vegetables, flowers, fruits and decorative plants
for commercial use.
iv. Which metal is a medium of foreign exchange? (1)
Gold
v. Name any two countries that produce sugarcane. (1)
Brazil, India, China, Thailand, Indonesia.

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 vi. What are rare metals? (1)
Rare metals are those metals that are not found in compound forms and can
be extracted from their ores easily like gold and silver.
vii. What are energy minerals? (1)
Energy minerals are formed over millions of years from the remains of plants
and animals.

viii. Name the important latitudes which pass through South America. (1)
Equator and Tropic of Capricorn.
ix. Name the rivers that form the La Plata River system. (1)
Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay.
x. Explain how crops flourish on the high altitude of the Bolivian Plateau. (1)
Crops flourish because of the Lake Titicaca. Crops that normally could not
survive at such a high altitude grow in the area because the waters of Lake
Titicaca warm the air.

Section B (50 Marks)

Attempt any five questions
Question 4
i. What are kharif crops? Give two examples. [2]
Kharif crops are monsoon crops. They are grown from July to October. Rice,
millet, maize, pulses are examples of kharif crops.
ii. What is agriculture? [2]
Agriculture refers to the science or practice of farming including the
cultivation of the soil for producing crops and raising livestock for food ,wool
and other products.
iii. Mention any three demerits of Green Revolution. [3]
Demerits of Green Revolution:
• It was only the rich farmers who benefitted the most, since only they could
afford to buy expensive seeds, fertilizers and machinery. Poor farmers could
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not afford the new seeds or technology. 4

• Arranging for abundant water supply became time consuming and

 expensive.
• Farmers who took loans to arrange for the news seeds and technology ended
up incurring large debts.
iv. [3]

a. Identify the agricultural movement.

Green Revolution
b. Write two features of the movement.
• Use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds including hybrid seeds.
• Traditional agricultural practices gave way to modern machinery.
• Extension of irrigation facilities.
• Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
Question 5
i. Write any two characteristics of minerals. [2]
• Minerals are naturally occurring substances.
• They have a definite crystalline structure.
• They are mostly solid in form.
• They have a definite composition.
• They are not pure substances.
• They come in various colours.
(Mention any two)

ii. What is surface mining? [2]

Surface mining is used for minerals located close to the Earth’s surface.
Depending on the topography, nature of the rock strata, working conditions

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 and nature of the deposit, different techniques of surface mining are practised.

iii. Why is iron an important mineral? [3]

Iron derived from iron ore-
• Has a high tensile strength.
• Can be hammered.
• Cast into shapes,
• Drawn into wires and welded.
• Therefore, it is used to make railway tracks and tools, such as nails.
• Iron is used in the manufacturing of metallurgical products.
• Indirectly, it is used for almost everything.
• Hence, iron is an important mineral.
(Mention any three points)
iv. How would our life be affected if coal, petroleum and natural gas were exhausted in [3]
the next 30 years?
If all the exhaustible natural resources are exhausted by human activities, then
the survival of living beings would not be possible. Actually, fossil fuels are the
most important source of energy for us today. They are concentrated source of
energy and give off heat and light on burning. The heat can be used to cook
food or to run engines such as automobile engines. It can be used to generate
electricity as in powerhouse where the most common fuel used is coal.
Everything will not be available.

Question 6
i. What are Fazendas? What is the reason for their presence in the region? [2]
Large coffee plantations called fazendas are cultivated in Colombia owing to
the fertile soil and warm, humid climate of the region.

ii. a. What does the Eastern Highlands comprise? [2]

The eastern highland comprises the plateaus and mountains which are
lower in height and older than the Andes.
b. What separates the Guiana Highlands and the Brazilian Highlands?
Amazon Basin
iii. Define the following: [3]
a. Pampas
The pampas are vast Argentine grasslands with fertile soil. It has farms
and ranches.
b. Selva
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 The Amazon lowlands are called selva. It is a region of dense equatorial
forests.
c. Gran Chaco
The Parana-Paraguay lowlands include Gran Chaco, a vast alluvial
region that is not drained well and is a hardwood scrub forest.
iv. What are Fjords? Why are they considered excellent harbours for ships? [3]
Deep narrow inlets of water in the mountains are called fjords. These are
formed when plate tectonics caused the Andes to sink, causing water from the
adjoining seas to flow into the sunken valleys.
They have steep slopes and hence make excellent harbours for fishing vessels
and ships, protecting them from strong ocean winds.

Question 7
i. [2]
What are industrial diamonds? Mention the use of white diamonds.
The brownish and black varieties of diamond that are not used for jewellery are used
to make cutting tools. These are known as industrial diamonds. White diamonds are
extremely attractive and are used making jewellery.
ii. Name the two types of coffee. Name the country which is the largest coffee [2]
producer.
Arabica and Robusta.
Brazil
iii. Explain -Commercial farming. Why are commercial farming crops in high demand? [3]
Commercial farming is the cultivation of crops or rearing of animals on a large
scale for selling in the market or for trade.
Commercial farming crops are in high demand as they are exported to other
countries. These crops are also used as raw materials in industries to make
food.
iv. Name the two deserts found in South America. Give a reason why Atacama is the [3]
driest desert in the world.
The Atacama Desert (hot desert) and the Patagonian Desert (cold desert) .
The Atacama Desert is located to the west of Andes Mountain ranges. The
northern and central Andes block the Trade winds, which bring rain from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Guiana Highlands and Brazil. Therefore, the region to
the west of Andes do not receive rain and are very dry and hot.

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Question 8
i. What is meant by pastoral farming? Give any two examples. [2]
Rearing of animals either for animal by-products such as milk, eggs, wool or
for meat. Examples include dairy farming, poultry farming, sheep rearing,
nomadic herding etc.
ii. The Amazon rainforest is known as the ‘lungs of the world’-Explain [2]
The Amazon rainforest is known as the “lungs of the world” as it absorbs the
global emissions of carbon dioxide, and about 20 percent of the earth’s oxygen
is produced by these forests.

iii. Write two points to state the importance of Brazilian Highlands. Name the two [3]
rivers that originate in the Brazilian Highlands.
− The Brazilian Highlands are more important in terms of natural resources
and settlement.
− A large section of the region is covered with grasses called Campos. There
are fertile farms, cattle ranches and rich mineral deposits in the southern
Brazilian Highlands.
− Brazil has large coffee plantations called fazendas. The fertile soil and warm,
humid climate of the region is ideal for growing coffee. The two rivers that
originate in the Brazilian highlands are Parana and Sao Francisco.

iv. The availability of minerals and resources play a crucial role in the economic [3]
development of a country. Give reasons.
The potential of any country depends on the natural resources it possesses. A
number of industries use minerals as raw materials for production. Mineral
resources in the form of fertilizers also play a crucial role in the agricultural
sector. Hence, minerals help in stimulating economic growth.

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 Question 9
i. The Andes are of great economic importance. Give reasons. [2]
The mountains contain large mineral deposits of copper, gold, lead, tin
and zinc. In addition, the climate and soil are ideal for cultivating
coffee on the mountain slopes and hardy crops, such as potatoes,
wheat, barley, and rye grow well in the high mountain valleys and
plateaus.
ii. Give one geographical reason for the following. [2]
a. Aluminium is used in aircraft.
Aluminium is strong but relatively lightweight and soft.
Since it does not rust, it is used in construction work and in
the manufacture of aeroplanes.
b. Lead is used in batteries.
Lead is resistant to corrosion by acid and is therefore,
widely used in batteries.

iii. Write any three points of difference between Metallic minerals and
Non-metallic minerals.
Metallic Minerals
Minerals in which metal
elements are present in their
raw form.
Usually found in igneous and
metamorphic rock formations.
Good conductors of heat and
electricity
[3]
Non-Metallic Minerals
Do not contain any
metallic substances.
Often found embedded in
young fold mountains and
sedimentary rocks.
Good insulators.

High malleability and ductility. Not malleable and ductile,

break down easily.
Generally lustrous. May or may not have shine
or lustre.
iv. What is shifting cultivation? Mention any two disadvantages. [3]
In shifting cultivation, the ground is cleared by cutting down trees
and burning vegetation to make space for a farm.
This form of agriculture is harmful for forests and wildlife. The

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 infertility of land is caused by excessive leaching, a process where
the salts and minerals of the soil are drained by excessive water.

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