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  • Iran's Formation

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    Tanvi Kamat
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    Iran's modern history began with the Safavid dynasty in 1501, which established the systems of Shah kings. The Qajar dynasty gained control in 1794 after civil wars, but misruled and led to a 1906 constitution modeled on Western governments. Iran adopted Shi'ite Islam as the official religion and instituted a senior cleric to advise on religious law. The Pahlavi dynasty established a constitutional monarchy in 1925 but ruled authoritatively, secularizing laws and controlling the economy. This led to the 1979 Islamic revolution where Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah and established an Islamic theocratic constitution concentrating power in senior clerics.

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    Iran's modern history began with the Safavid dynasty in 1501, which established the systems of Shah kings. The Qajar dynasty gained control in 1794 after civil wars, but misruled and led to a 1906 constitution modeled on Western governments. Iran adopted Shi'ite Islam as the official religion and instituted a senior cleric to advise on religious law. The Pahlavi dynasty established a constitutional monarchy in 1925 but ruled authoritatively, secularizing laws and controlling the economy. This led to the 1979 Islamic revolution where Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah and established an Islamic theocratic constitution concentrating power in senior clerics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views7 pages

    Iran's Formation

    Uploaded by

    Tanvi Kamat
    Iran's modern history began with the Safavid dynasty in 1501, which established the systems of Shah kings. The Qajar dynasty gained control in 1794 after civil wars, but misruled and led to a 1906 constitution modeled on Western governments. Iran adopted Shi'ite Islam as the official religion and instituted a senior cleric to advise on religious law. The Pahlavi dynasty established a constitutional monarchy in 1925 but ruled authoritatively, secularizing laws and controlling the economy. This led to the 1979 Islamic revolution where Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah and established an Islamic theocratic constitution concentrating power in senior clerics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 7

    Iran’s Formation

    Introduction
    • Modern Iran traces back to the Safavid
    dynasty
    • (1501-1722).
    • First established governmental systems of
    Shahs (Kings)
    • Qajar Dynasty (1794-1925) gained control
    after a series of civil wars.
    • Misrule of country led to a 1906 constitution
    modeled after Western Governments
    • Elections, Separation of Powers, a Majles
    (Parliament), and a more limited Shah
    Influence of Religion
    • Iran adopted Shi’ite Islam as official state
    Religion
    • As opposed to Sunni Islam which most Muslims
    follow
    • Iran sees self as protectors of Shi’ite Muslims
    • The authority to interpret Shari’a should be
    in the hands of the senior clerical scholars
    • Iran institutes a Cleric to advise the
    implementation of Shari’a laws into government
    Pahlavi Dynasty (1925-1979)
    • Establishment of a Constitutional
    Monarchy
    • Started by Muhammad Reza Pahlavi
    • Heavy involvement by British
    • Had interests in Iran because of oil
    • 1953 attempt to nationalize Oil industry
    by Parliament
    • US and UK backed coup to overthrow
    Parliament and install authoritarian Shah
    Pahlavi Rule
    • Authoritarian Rule
    • Large military and developed Navy
    • Supported by Secret Police
    • Rigged Election System
    • Majles filled with supporters of Shah to give rubber stamp authority
    • Secularization of Iranian Government
    • European-Style Civil Code replaced Shari’a Law
    • Government control of Media, Oil Industry, and Banks
    • Oil profits made Iran one of the most unequal wealth distribution countries in the world
    • Patron-Client Loyalty Pyramids
    • The Pahlavi’s disbursed benefits (pay-offs) to groups in return for loyalty
    • Oversaw White Revolution
    • Land Distribution and Literacy Drives to prevent Communist Revolution
    • 1975 – Iran becomes a one-party state under Resurgence Party
    1979 Revolution
    • Ayatollah Khomeini
    • Cleric in exile begins populist movement
    • Formulated political movements based on
    Shia doctrine
    • Argued against Shah as the “Great Satan”
    • Jurist’s Guardianship
    • Khomeini argued only senior clerics should
    have authority over society
    • Starts as a student protest
    • Shah forced to flee
    • Assembly of Experts draws up new
    constitution
    • Adopt Theocratic Constitution giving power to
    Clerics
    Response to Revolution
    • Iranian Hostage Crisis
    • Students attack US Embassy and hold staff hostage for 444 days
    • Iran’s economy drops
    • Inflation at 20%
    • GDP halved
    • Income drops
    • Unemployment drops
    • United States supports Iraq in war against Iran
    • Iran develops as Rentier State
    • Parastatal – State Oil company responsible for most of GDP

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