Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(505)
(FIEALD RESEARCH)
PROF.)
MUDDE,2015 A.L.I
JIMMAA
i
BAAFATA
SEENSA........................................................................................................................................................1
Qorannoo Dirree ( Field Research)..............................................................................................................2
1 Maalummaa Qorannoo Dirree.................................................................................................................2
1.1.Maloota Qorannoo Dirree(Methods Of Field Research)Qorannoon dirree akkaataa idleetti mala
adda ta’e 5n gaggeeffama . Isaanis:.........................................................................................................4
1.2. Kallattiin Ilaaluu(Daawwachuu)........................................................................................................4
1.3. Ilaalcha Hirmaattotaa (Participant Obsrvation)................................................................................4
1.4.Etnoogiraafii/ Sanyaabsaa/ ( Ethnograpy).........................................................................................4
1.5.Af-gaaffii Qulqullinaa ( Qualitative Interviews)..................................................................................5
1.6.Qorannoo Haalaa (Case Study)..........................................................................................................5
2.Qorannoo Dirree Gaggeessuu Keessatti Tarkaanfiilee Fudhatamuu Qaban (Steps in Conducting Field
Research).....................................................................................................................................................6
2.1.Garee Sirrii Ijaaruu (Build The Right Team)........................................................................................6
2.2.Qorannichaaf Namoota Qacaruu (Recruiting People For Study)......................................................6
2.3.Mala Odeeffannoo Walitti Qabuu (Data Collection Methodology)....................................................6
2.4.Daawwnnaa Iddoo ykn Bakkaa (Site Visit).........................................................................................6
2.5.Xiinxala Odeeffannoo (Data Analyis).................................................................................................6
2.6.Bu’aa Hubachuu ykn Dabarsuu (Communicating Results).................................................................6
3.Qabsiisa ykn Hubachiisa Qorannoo Dirree (Field Research Notes)...........................................................7
3.1.Hubachiisa Hojii (Job Notes)..............................................................................................................7
3.2.Yaadannoo Dirree Sirrii (Field Notes Proper).....................................................................................7
3.3.Hubachiisa ykn Mala Yaadannoo (Methodology Notes)....................................................................7
3.4. Joornaalii fi Daayaarii (Journal and Diaries)......................................................................................7
4. Sababoota Qorannoo Dirree Gaggeessuu (Reasons to Conduct Field Research).....................................7
4.1.Hanqina Daataa Irra Aanuu (Overcoming Look of Data)...........................................................8
4.2. Haala Qorannichaa Hubachuu (Understanding Context of the Study).............................................8
4.3. Qulqullina Odeeffannoo Guddisuu (Increasing the Quality of Data).................................................8
4.4. Daataa Garaagaraa Walitti Qabuu (Collecting Ancillary Data)..........................................................8
5. Fakkeenya Qorannoo Dirree (Examples of Field Research).....................................................................8
I
5.1. Safartuuwwan Hawaasummaa Mana Jireenyaa Gandaa Keessatti Hiikuu (Decipher social metrics
in a slum).................................................................................................................................................8
5.2. Dhiibbaa Tuqaaleen Guddina Daa’imaa Irratti Qaban Hubachuu (Understand The Impact of Sport
on a child’s Development).......................................................................................................................8
5.3. Akaakuu Godaansa Bineensota Qorachuu (Study Animal Migration................................................9
6. Faayidaa Qorannoo Dirree (Advantages of Fieald Research) fi Miidhaa Qorannoo Dirree Disadvantages
of Field Research)........................................................................................................................................9
6.1.Faayidaa Qorannoo Dirree (Advantages of Field Research)...............................................................9
6.2. Miidhaa Qorannoo Dirree (Disadvantages of Field Research)..........................................................9
Guduunfaa (Conclusion)............................................................................................................................11
Wabiilee (References)...............................................................................................................................12
II
SEENSA
Jiruuf jireenya dhala namaa keessatti rakkoon adda addaa ni mudata. Rakkoowwan mudatan
kana ammoo qorannoo irratti geggeessuun fala argachuun ni danda’ama. Haaluma kanaan
gosoota qorannoo keessaa qorannoon dirree isa tokko yeroo ta’u, qorataan rakkoo hawaasa
keessatti mul’ate tokko adda baafachuuf jecha gara dirree ni ba’a jechuudha. Haaluma kanaan
odeeffannoo argachuuf jecha qaama dhimmi sun ilaallatu bira dhaquun qorannoo isaa geggeessa.
Qorannoon dirree mala qulqulleeffataa odeeffannoo walitti qabuun kan namoonni uumamaa
keessa jiran ilaaluu, walitti dhufeenya uumuu fi hubachuuf kan gargaaruudha. Qorannoon dirree
geeggeeffamuu kan jalqabe qorattoota aadaa (Antiroopooloojistootaan) akka ta’eedha. Faadiyaan
qoranno dirree qorattoonni waa’ee namootaa, taateewwaniifi adeemsa qoratan beekumsa ijaan
akka argatan taasisa. Miidhaan qorannoo dirree qaala’aa fi xumuruuf waggoota kan fudhatu
ta’uusaati.
1
Qorannoo Dirree ( Field Research)
Dhimmi qorannoon irratti geggeeffamu kamiinuu yoo ta’e, akkataan ittiin abbaa dhimmichaatti
dhiyaatan murteessaadha. Haala kana keessatti hawaasa sana bira bubbuluun, akka isaatti
yaaduufi akka hawaasichaatti hojjechuun odeeffannoo argamu murteessa. Akkaataan itti
funaansa odeeffannoos kan hawaasicha sodaachisu ta’uu hin qabu. Teeppii fi viidiyootti
waraabuunis ta’ee yaadannoo qabachuun erga warra odeeffannoo kennaniin walitti dhufeenyi
gaariin uumamee ta’uu qaba. Qorataan adeemsa kanatti gargaaramuun odeeffannoo gosa
kamiyyuu funaannachuu danda’a.
Qorannoon dirree mala qulqulleeffataa (Qualitative) odeeffannoo walitti qabuu kan namoonni
naannoo uumamaa keessa jiran ilaaluu, walitti dhufeenya uumuu fi hubachuuf kaayyeffate
jedhamee hiikama.(https://www.questionpro.com>blogg.)
Qorannoo dirree seenaa dheeraa qaba. Antiroopooloojistoonni aadaa yeroo dheeraaf qorannoo
dirree fayyadamuun aadaa biroo fayyadamaniiru. Aadaan adda ta’uu kan hin qabne ta’us, yeroo
baay’ee kun yeroo darbe qorannoo aadaa jalqabaa jedhamaniin kan ta’ee fi hawaasummaa
keessatti illee garaagarummaan kan gitaa keessatti ture.
Qorannoo dirree mana barusaa fi bakka industriitti ta’uu danda’a. Qorannoo dirree ogeeyyii
sabaa fi sablammootaa kan akka Jeen Guudal, Alfreed Raadkiliif-Braawun [1910] fi
Biroonislaaw Malinoowsk [1922] ogeeyyii antiroopooloojii jalqabaa hojii gara fuula duraatiif
moodeela kaa’aniin gaggeeffamuu danda’a.
2
Sababni isaa qorannoon akkamtaa, gaaffiiwwan ‘Maaliif? Akkamitti? jedhaniif deebisuuf waan
ta’eef, qorattoonni dirree haala jiruufi jireenya hahaasaarratti qorannoo geggeessuu barbaadan,
Haala qorannoo keessatti ilaalchi ilaaluu qofa osoo hintaane waan caaluudha. Kaayyoo qabatanii
karaa karoorfameefi tarsiimoodhaan ilaaluu of keessaa qaba. (Palsy and Atchison, 2014,p.189).
As such, when social scientists talk about being in “ the field,” they are talking about being out in
the real world and involved in the everyday lives of the people they are studying. Akka yaada
hayyoota kanaatti: Saayinstistoonni hawaasummaa waa’ee “dirree” keessa jiraachuu yeroo
dubbatan, waa’ee addunyaa dhugaa keessa ba’anii jireenya guyyaa guyyaa namoota qoratan
keessatti hirmaachuu dubbatu. Yeroo tokko tokko qorattoonni mala odeeffannoo walitti qabuu
kana eeruuf jechoota etnoogiraafii ykn ilaalcha hirmaattotaa jedhanii fayyadamu; kan duraa
baay’inaan Antiroopoolooloojii keessatti kan itti fayyadamu yoo ta’u, inni lammaffaan ammo
bay’inaan hawaasummaa keessatti kan itti fayyadamuudha. Kaayyoo keenyaaf jechoota
gurguddoo lama(2) fayyadamna; qorannoo jalqabaa fi ilaalcha hirmaattotaati. Qorattoonni
ilaalcha hirmaattotaa gaggeessan hamma hirmaatan ykn ilaalaniin garaagarummaa qabu. Palsy
and Atchison (2014, P. 198) Refer to this as “ participant-observer continuum,” ranging from
complete observer. Akka yaada kanaatti, “ hirmaataa-ilaaltuu walitti fufiinsa” jechuun waamu,
hirmaataa guutuu irraa kaasee hanga ilaaltuu guutuutti.
3
addaa kan hammate yoo ta’u, kunis kallattiin ilaaluu, hirmaannaa daangeffame, xiinxala
sanadootaafi odeeffannoowwan biroo, af-gaaffii al-seerummaa,qorannoo fikkf dabalata.
Qorannoon dirree akka waliigalaatti qorannoo qulqullinaa jedhamuun kan beekamu ta’us yeroo
baayyee qorannoo qulqullinaa gama dachaa kan of keessatti hammateedha.
Qorannoon dirree akkaataa idileetti haala murtaa’e keessatti kan jalqabu yoo ta’ellee kaayyoon
dhumaa qorannichaa amala addaa nama tokkoo haala sana keessatti qabu ilaaluuf xiinxaluuf ta’a.
Sababni fi bu’aan amala murtaa’e tokkoo garuu, jijjiiramoonni hedduun naannoo uumamaa
keessatti jiraachuu isaanii irraa kan ka’e xiinxaluuf rakkisaadha. Irra caalaan odeeffannoo walitti
qabuun guutummaatti sababaa fi bu’aa irratti osoo hin taane irra caalaa walitti dhufeenya irratti
kan hundaa’eedha. Qorannoon dirree walitti dhufeenya kan barbaadu yoo ta’u, baay’inni
saamudaa xiqqaa ta’uun jijjiiramoota lamaa fi isaa ol gidduutti hundeessuun rakkisaa ta’a.
Malli qorannoo dirree kun haala uummataa ykn naannoo uummataa keessatti bal’inaa kan itti
fayyadamu yoo ta’u, rakkoo naamusaa waan kaasuuf naannoo dhuunfaa keessatti hin fayyadu.
Malli kun illee naannoo uumamaa keessatti kan gaggeeffamu yoo ta’u garaagarummaan jiru
qorataan marii keessatti hirmaachuufi kallattii marii bocuu qofa.
Mala kanaan qorattoonni hirmaattoota qorannichaa waliin haala walsimsiisu kessa jiraatu, akka
isaan walsimsiisan gochuu fi marii gadi fageenyaa akka banamaniif.
Sanyaabsi gartuuwwan hawaasa tokko keessatti amala, amantaafi haala jiruu fi jireenya addaa
qabaniifi haala jiruufi jireenya bal’aarraa kan maqaa qorachuurratti xiyyeeffata. Riemer (2008:1)
maalummaa sanyaabsaa, “Ethnography is a systematic study of a particular cultural group or
4
phenomenom,based upon extensive fieldwork in one or more selected localities,” jechuun kaa’a.
Qorannoo sanyaabaas haala jiruufi jireenya gartuu tokkoo, akkaataa gartuun sun ofiifi naannoo
isaa itti ilaaluufi rakkoo qabata kanaan gartuu sana mudachaa jirurratti ni geggeeffama. Kaayyoo
guddaan akaakuu qorannoo kanaas, aadaa, ilaalcha, amantaa, afaaniifi duudhaa hawaasichaa
galmeessuun tursuu, rakkoo mul’atuuf furmaata kennuu, ibsuufi hiikuudha. Kaayyoo kana
Descombe (2007:66) akka kanaa gadiitti dhiyeessa.
The purpose of the ethnographic research is to produce detailed pictures of events or cultures-
descriptions which stand in their own right the need to worry about how representative the
situation is or what the broader implications might be in terms of other events or cultures of the
type, or of contributing to wider theories. Kaayyoo kana galmaan ga’uufis, hunda caalaatti
yoomessa uumamaatti gargaarama. Yoomessa kana keessatti qorataan waan arge, waan dhaga’e,
waan daawwate, waan keessatti hirmaachuun raawwate hunda xiinxalun ibsa. Yaada kana
Fetterman, (1989:28), Rimer (2008:2) keessatti,
“Cultural interpretation involves the ability to describe what the researcher has heard and seen
within the frame of the social group’s view of reality” jechuun ibsu. Ibsi kun ammo, akka
hawaasichaatti yoomessicha keessa jiraachuu qorataa sanaa barbaada.
“In order to craft descriptions of culture, cultural events and cultural practices, an ethnographer
studies real people doing what they do to meet the everyday demands with which they are
confronted.
Kunis, qorataaf daataa baay’ee kan isaan keessaa sassaabuu danda’an ni kenna.
Malli qorannoo dirree kun af-gaaffii tokko tokkoon, garee xiyyeeffannoo fi xiinxala
barreeffamaa walitti makame fayyadamuu danda’a.
5
Malli kun hojjechuuf rakkisaa fakkaachuu danda’a , haa ta’u malee gadi fageenyaan cuuphamuu
waan of keessaa qabuuf akkasumas malawwan odeeffannoo walitti qabuu sana tilmaamuun
karaalee qorannoo gaggeessan keessaa isa tokko.
Hoggansi olaanaanis milkaa’ina isaaf qorannicha irratti kan kenname ta’uun barbaachisaadha.
6
3.Qabsiisa ykn Hubachiisa Qorannoo Dirree (Field Research Notes)
Qorannoo dirree gaggeessuu keessatti galmeen etnoogiraafii qabachuun baay’ee
barbaachisaadha.
Kunis mata duree qo’annoo keessa jiruu wajjin walitti dhiyeenyaa fi ija banaa ta’uu danda’a.
Yaadannoowwan asitti argaman gabaabaa fi bifa gabaabfame kan qorataan booda irratti
ijaaramuu danda’uudha.
7
Rakkoo jiru beekamm ykn kabajamuu danda’a garuu qorannoo fi daataa jalqabaa malee kana
karaan itti mirkaneessan hin jiru.
Qorannoo dirree gaggeessuun qaawwaa daataa plug-in qofa osoo hin taane meeshaalee
deeggarsaa walitti qabuuf gargaara kanaaf mala qorannoo qorataa filatamaadha
8
yoo ta’u, kunis akkaataa bineensonni nagaadhaan akka darban saffisiisuun danda’amu irratti
yaada xumuraa baasuuf gargaara.
Dhugaawwan hawaasummaa battalumatti ifa ta’uu dhiisuu danda’an ykn hirmaattonni qorannoo
hin beekne ta’uu danda’an saaxiluu danda’a.
Naannoo dhugaa fi uumamaa jijjiiramoota irratti jijjiirama hin qabnee fi naannoon doktorummaa
hin qabne keessatti kan gaggeeffamuudha. Qorannoon kun naannoo mijataa ta’etti gaggeeffamaa
waan jiruuf waa’ee mata dureewwan garaa garaa illee odeeffannoon walitti qabuun ni
danda’ama.
Yaadannoowwan sirriitti waan qorataan jedhu ta’uu qabu garuu moggaasni moggaasaa hordofuuf
baay’ee cimaadha.
Mala kanaan, jijjiiramaa alaa to’achuun kan hin danda’amne yoo ta’u kunis yeroo hunda
maalummaa qorannichaa kan jijjiiruu dha.
9
Bal’ina dhabuu danda’a; odeeffannoo baay’ee bal’aa walitti qabuu jechuun daataa baay’ee irraa
walitti qabuu dadhabuu jechuudha.
10
Guduunfaa (Conclusion)
Qorannoon dirree kan qorataan tokko qaama dhimmi sun ilaallatu bira dhaquun qorannoo isaa
kan geggeessuudha. Kan odeeffannoon irraa argamus namoota, siidaawwan, fakkii, ambaa
aadaa, hawaasa, daree barnootaa fi kkf ta’uu danda’a. Qorannoon dirree kan jalqabame ogeessota
antiroopooloojistootaan akka ta’eedha. Qorannoon dirree mala qulqulleeffataatti (Qualitative)
gargaaramuun odeeffannoo walitti qabuun kan namoonni naannoo uumamaa keessa jiran ilaaluu,
walitti dhufeenya uumuu fi hubachuuf kan gargaaruudha.
11
Wabiilee (References)
Addunyaa Barkeessaa Bitootessa, (2019). Akkamtaa Qorannoo Hujoo. Finfinnee.
Descombe, M. (2007). The Good Research Guide for Smaall-scale Social Research Projects.
Third Edition, Open University Press.
https://www.questionpro.com>blogg.
Palsy, T., and Atchison, C. (2007). Research decitions: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed
methods approaches (5th ed). Toronto, Canada: Nelson Education.
Zoltan. D. (2007). Research Method in Applied Linguistics. Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed
Methodology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
12