Submitted To: Mam Ammarah Maqbool

Submitted By: Fatima Fayyaz

Roll no: 20151
Reg no: 2020-GCWUF-1158
Section: B
BSCS 3rd semester
Course Title: Introduction to Database System
 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

A data flow diagram shows the way information flows through a process or system. It
includes data inputs and outputs, data stores, and the various sub processes the data moves
through. DFDs are built using standardized symbols and notation to describe various entities
and their relationships.

Data flow diagram levels:

Data flow diagrams are also categorized by level.

 Zero Level DFD

 First Level
 Second Level
 n Level

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 Cake Shop Management System

Zero Level Data Flow Diagram(0 Level DFD):

This is the Zero Level DFD of Cake shop

Management System, where we have eloborated the high level process of Cake Shop. It's a
basic overview of the whole process being analyzed or modeled.

High Level Entities and proccess flow of Cake shop Management

System:

• Managing all stock.

• Managing all the baking process.

• Managing customer services.

• Managing Bills.

• Managing delivery services

• Managing Social media services

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Zero Level DFD –Cake Shop Management System

Stock Management

Customer Baking
Management Management

CAKE SHOP
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

Delivery Bill Management

Management

Social Media
Management

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First Level Data Flow Diagram(1st Level DFD):

First Level DFD of Cake shop Management System shows how the
system is divided into sub-systems (processes), each of which deals with one or more of the
data flows to or from an external agent, and which together provide all of the functionality of
the system as a whole.

Main entities and output of First Level DFD (1st Level DFD);

• Keep record of all stock (used and left) and generate report.

• Managing all baking process and generate report.

• Providing good and reliable services to customers.

• Generate customers bill and keep record of all sales.

• Managing delivery process and keep record of all delivery addresses and dates.

• Managing all social media services.

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 First Level DFD – Cake Shop Management System

Stock Generate
Management Stock report

Baking Generate
Management Baking Report

Customer Generate
Management Customer
Report

CAKE SHOP
MANAGEMENT
Bill SYSTEM Generate Bills
Management Report

Delivery Record
Management Deliveries

Social Media Upload New

Management Post & reviews

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Second Level Data Flow Diagram (2nd Level DFD):

DFD Level 2 then goes one step deeper into parts of Level 1 of Cake
shop. It may require more functionalities of shop to reach the necessary level of detail about
the cake shop functioning.

Low level functionalities of Cake shop Management System

 Admin logins to the system and manage all the functionalities of Cake Shop Management
System. Admin can add edit, delete and view the records.

 Admin can manage all the details of shop, baking, delivery and customers.

 Admin can also generate reports of Cake shop, Employee, Workers, customer.

 Admin can search the details.

 Admin can apply different level of filters on report.

 Admin can tracks the detailed information of cake shop.

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Second Level DFD – Cake shop Management System

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 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD):

An entity relationship diagram (ERD) shows the relationships of entity sets stored in a
database. An entity in this context is an object, a component of data. An entity set is a
collection of similar entities. These entities can have attributes that define its properties.
By defining the entities, their attributes, and showing the relationships between them, an ER
diagram illustrates the logical structure of databases. ER diagrams are used to sketch out the
design of a database.
Facts about ER Diagram Model:
•ER model allows you to draw Database Design
• It is an easy to use graphical tool for modeling data
• Widely used in Database Design
• It is a GUI representation of the logical structure of a Database
• It helps you to identifies the entities which exist in a system and the relationships
between those entities
Components of the ER Diagram:
This model is based on three basic concepts:
• Entities:
A real-world thing either living or non-living that is easily recognizable and non-
recognizable. It is anything in the enterprise that is to be represented in our database. It may
be a physical thing or simply a fact about the enterprise or an event that happens in the real
world. An entity can be place, person, object, event or a concept, which stores data in the
database. The characteristics of entities are must have an attribute, and a unique key. Every
entity is made up of some 'attributes' which represent that entity.
• Attributes:
It is a single-valued property of either an entity-type or a relationship-type.
For example, a lecture might have attributes: time, date, duration, place, etc. An attribute is
represented by an Ellipse.
• Relationships:
Relationship is nothing but an association among two or more entities. Entities
take part in relationships. We can often identify relationships with verbs or verb
phrases.

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ERD – Cake Shop Management System