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Arduino Mega Based Smart Traffic Control System

Article  in  Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports · December 2021

DOI: 10.9734/AJARR/2021/v15i1230449

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 Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports

15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

ISSN: 2582-3248

Arduino Mega Based Smart Traffic Control System

Yaser S. A. Shaheen a*, Hussam M. I. Alkafrawi b, Tarek R. S. Al Aga c,
Ismail M. Elkafrawi d and Massoud A. Omar Imaeeg a
a
College of Engineering Technology–AL-Qubbah, Technical and Vocational Education, Libya.
b
Faculty of Engineering, Benghazi University, Libya.
c
Higher Institute of Science and Technology-AL-Beyda, Technical and Vocational Education, Libya.
d
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Benghazi University,
Libya.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration among five authors. Author YSAS is designed the study,
create program codes, managed the analyses of the study, author HMIA wrote the protocol and wrote
flow chart of the system, author TRSAA Work on the design of the circuit, authors IME and MAOI
wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript managed
the literature searches.

Article Information
DOI: 10.9734/AJARR/2021/v15i1230449

Open Peer Review History:

This journal follows the Advanced Open Peer Review policy. Identity of the Reviewers, Editor(s) and additional Reviewers,
peer review comments, different versions of the manuscript, comments of the editors, etc are available here:
https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/84793

Received 25 October 2021

Accepted 28 December 2021
Method Article
Published 30 December 2021

ABSTRACT

Aim: The main aim of this paper is design smart traffic system to develop a dynamic road signal
based on density.
Study Design: The conventional traffic signal system is based on constant traffic management
time, so we proposed a smart system using Arduino Mega and ultrasonic sensors where green
signal times change automatically according to traffic density.
Methodology: The performance of the proposed system is tested using Proteus simulator and a
real model was designed.
Resolute and conclusion: the simulation and experimental test rig have shown that this system can
be implemented, as it has been able to change the green signal time according to congestion
density while developing this system.

Keywords: Traffic signal system; Arduino mega; ultrasonic sensor; Bluetooth module.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

*Corresponding author: Email: yasr37@hotmail.com;

 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793
1. INTRODUCTION
At present, with the increase in the population of
large cities such as Al-bayda, Benghazi and
Tripoli, the number of cars has increased
significantly in Libya in recent years, especially
after 2011. As the current traffic light system in
Libya continues to adopt the traditional method,
this has resulted in significant congestion at
street intersections. With the significant
development of microcontroller technology, there
is an urgent need for a smart traffic system that
will help reduce congestion, wait time and waste
fuel.
In this context, several studies have been
presented to develop traffic light and reduce
congestion, many systems uses microcontroller
[1,2], also RFID and GSM module[3-8] another
based arduino platform [9-13],We propose a
simple, low-cost system for a smart traffic signal.
Our project is to develop a Density Based Traffic
Signal System using an Arduino Mega,
Ultrasonic Sensor and Bluetooth module are
used to implement the traffic system. We will use
Ultrasonic Sensor to measure the traffic density.
We have to mount three Ultrasonic Sensor for
each road; the distance between these sensors
will depend on nature of traffic on a particular
junction. These sensors determine the level of
traffic jam in the road, Different ranges of traffic
light delay time intervals according to traffic jam
level are configured by microcontroller and
updated regularly. Additionally, control the traffic
signals by an android application throughout the
Bluetooth and wireless connection. This will be
Fig. 1. Ultrasonic sensor
44
controlled by the traffic warden or police officer.
The prototype of the system has been built and
tested. The model is better than the current
system which is limited to the Fixed Mode Traffic
Light Controller.
2. COMPONENTS USED
2.1 Ultrasonic Sensor
The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor Fig.1. uses
sonar to determine the distance to an object.
This sensor reads from 2cm to 400cm (0.8inch to
157inch) with an accuracy of 0.3cm (0.1inches),
which is good for most hobbyist projects. In
addition, this particular module comes with
ultrasonic transmitter and receiver modules.
The ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine
the distance to an object.
The ultrasound transmitter (trig pin) emits a high-
frequency sound (40 kHz).
The sound travels through the air. If it finds an
object, it bounces back to the module.
The ultrasound receiver (echo pin) receives the
reflected sound (echo).
The time between the transmission and reception
of the signal allows us to calculate the distance
to an object. This is possible because we know
the sound’s velocity in the air. Here’s the
formula:
Distance to an object = ((speed of sound in the
air)*time)/2 speed of sound in the air at 20ºC
(68ºF) = 343m/s
VCC Power Sensor 5V
Trig Trigger Output Pin
Echo Echo Input Pin
GND ground
 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

2.2 Arduino Mega
The Arduino Mega (Fig.2) is the muscle car of
Arduino boards. It boasts a huge collection of
input output ports, but cleverly adds these as
extra connectors at one end of the board, It uses
a processor with more input output pins, the
ATmega1280, which is a surface mount chip that
is fixed permanently to the board. So, unlike with
the Uno and similar boards, you cannot replace
the processor if you accidentally damage it.
The extra connectors are arranged at the end of
the board. Extra features provided by the Mega
include the following:
• 54 input/output pins
• 128KB of flash memory for storing
sketches and fixed data
• 8KB of RAM and 4KB of EEPROM
2.3 Bluetooth Module
HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is designed
for wireless communication. This module can be
used in a master or slave configuration.
Bluetooth serial modules allow all serial enabled
devices to communicate with each other using
Bluetooth.
2.4 LCD Display
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):16x2 LCD used in
the implemented to display data over 2 lines,
each of 16 characters. Actually, two types of
registers are used to configure the LCD; the
command registers and control registers. Other
aspects are LCD initialization, clearing the
screen, setting the cursor position, and
controlling display. While the data register holds
the ASCII code of the characters that are
appeared on the display.
2.5 Proposed System Design and
Methodology
In this paper, we utilized (Arduino Mega), that
has a many pins, causing it exceptionally
valuable in projects that to have a convenient
number of sensors and gadgets to control.

Fig. 2. Arduino mega

Fig. 3. HC-05 is a Bluetooth module

Key/EN: HC-05 module has two modes, Data mode and Command mode; VCC: Connect 5 V or 3.3 V to this Pin.
GND: Ground Pin of module; TXD: Transmit Serial data; RXD: Receive data serially; State: It tells whether
module is connected or not

45
 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

First case: There's no congestion. Traffic signal

works normally.

Second case: There is congestion, a delay time

should added to the green signal.

Third case: if there is no jam near the traffic-light,

the system will skip it and move to the next side ,
so with that, we will diminish congestion.

This system also enables a traffic cop to control

Fig. 4. 16x2 LCD the traffic-light using an application that is loaded
onto his mobile phone, simply by type the
As can be seen in Fig. (5), there is number of side to be played, so it works as
a intersection of two roads that normally has follow:
four sides, the first side provide with two sensors
as well as the third side, first sensor in both side  Typing number one leads to turn on
detects the traffic of cars , and the second sensor green light in (Side1)
find out if there is a congestion , so we can  Typing number two leads to turn on
determine whether there's a traffic congestion or green light in (Side2)
not. We also added a Bluetooth unit which a  Typing number Three leads to turn on
police officer can control the signal by his mobile green light in (Side3)
phone, the principle of operation of this Chamber  Typing number four leads to turn on
is based on three cases. green light in (Side1)
RV1 RV2
RV1(2)
1k 1k

Side 4 RV2(2)
g4

y4

r4

71% 43%

SONAR1 SONAR2
Bluetoot Module ULTRASONIC SENSOR ULTRASONIC SENSOR

TestPin www.TheEngineeringProjects.com TestPin www.TheEngineeringProjects.com

Key
Vcc
HC-05 GND
Bluetooth
Trigger

Trigger
TXD Txb
Echo

Echo
RXD Rxb
Gnd

Gnd
+5V

+5V
State
www.TheEngineeringProjects.com

NAME=BLUETOOTH HC-05
SDA
SCL

Rxb
Txb

t1
e4

e1
t4

t2
e3

e2
t3

t1
e1

t2
e2
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14

10
11
12
13
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

8
9

MEGA1
PE1/TXD0/PDO

AREF
PH5/OC4C
PD0/SCL/INT0
PD1/SDA/INT1
PD2/RXD1/INT2

PH0/RXD2
PH1/TXD2
PJ0/RXD3/PCINT9
PJ1/TXD3/PCINT10

PE0/RXD0/PCINT8

PE4/OC3B/INT4

PE3/OC3A/AIN1

PB4/OC2A/PCINT4
PB5/OC1A/PCINT5
PB6/OC1B/PCINT6
PB7/OC0A/OC1C/PCINT7
PG5/OC0B

PH3/OC4A
PH4/OC4B

PH6/OC2B
PD3/TXD1/INT3

PE5/OC3C/INT5

PA0/AD0 ARDUINO MEGA2560 V2

22 r1
PA1/AD1
23
r1 PA2/AD2
24
y1 PA3/AD3
25
RX2
TX2

PA4/AD4 y1
g1
SDA

26
SCL

RX1

PA5/AD5
TX1

TX0

r2
www.TheEngineeringProjects.com

27
PA6/AD6
RX3

RX0

y2

Side 1
28
TX3

PA7/AD7 g1
g2
Arduino Mega 2560

29
r3 PC7/A15
30
PC6/A14
COMUNICATION PWM
y3 31
DIGITAL

g3 PC5/A13
32
r4 PC4/A12
33
y4 PC3/A11
34
g4 PC2/A10
35
PC1/A9
36
PC0/A8
37 ATMEGA2560
PD7/T0
38
PG2/ALE 16AU 1126
39
PG1/RD
40 Reset BTN
PG0/WR
41
PL7
42
PL6
43
PL5/OC5C ANALOG IN
44
PL4/OC5B
r3 45
PL3/OC5A
PK7/ADC15/PCINT23
PK6/ADC14/PCINT22
PK5/ADC13/PCINT21
PK4/ADC12/PCINT20
PK3/ADC11/PCINT19
PK2/ADC10/PCINT18

46
PK1/ADC9/PCINT17
PK0/ADC8/PCINT16

Side 3
PL2/T5
47
PL1/ICP5
PF6/ADC6/TDO
PF5/ADC5/TMS
PF4/ADC4/TCK

y3 48
PF7/ADC7/TDI

PL0/ICP4
49
PB3/MISO/PCINT3
PF3/ADC3
PF2/ADC2
PF1/ADC1
PF0/ADC0

50
PB2/MOSI/PCINT2
RESET

g3 51
PB1/SCK/PCINT1
GND
VCC

52
PB0/SS/PCINT0
53
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8

A4
A5
A6
A7
A3
A2
A1
A0

SONAR4 SONAR3
ULTRASONIC SENSOR ULTRASONIC SENSOR U1 LCD1
14 4 LM016L
TestPin www.TheEngineeringProjects.com SCL SCL P0 p0 MODDLL=LCDALPHA
TestPin www.TheEngineeringProjects.com SDA
15
SDA P1
5
p1
6
P2 p2
13 7
INT P3 p3
9
P4 p4
1 10
vcc A0 P5 p5
2 11
vcc A1 P6 p6
Trigger

Trigger

3 12
Echo

vcc A2 P7 p7
VDD
VSS

VEE
Gnd

Echo
+5V

RW
RS
Gnd

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
+5V

PCF8574
vcc

1
2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

4%
Side 2
p0
p1
p2

p3
p4
p5
p6
p7

RV4
t4
e4

r2

y2

g2
t3
e3

8%
vcc
RV4(2) 1k
RV3
RV3(2) 1k

Fig.5 . The proposed system simulation using proteus

46
 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

Fig.6 . Flow chart of the system

47
 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

Chart 1. The code

#include <Wire.h> //include the library lcd.clear(); lcd.clear();

#include <LiquidCrystal_PCF8574.h> //include the libraryLCD Serial.println(" Normal Mode "); Serial.println(" Normal Mode ");
LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 lcd(0x27); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for lcd.print(" Normal Mode "); lcd.print(" Normal Mode ");
a 16 chars and 2 line display lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.setCursor(0,1);
int side1[ ] = {24,25,26};//lights side1 lcd.print(" In SIDE1 "); lcd.print(" In SIDE3 ");
int side2[ ] = {27, 28,29};//lights side2 delay(green2Delay); } delay(green2Delay);}
int side3[ ] = {30,31, 32};//lights side3 // No cars In Road // No cars In Road
int side4[ ] = {33,34,35};//lights side4 else if(Avg1>=dd&&Avg2>=dd){ else if(Avg3>=dd&&Avg4>=dd){
int green1Delay = 10000;//Time delay NO cars lcd.clear(); lcd.clear();
int green2Delay = 60000;//Time delay Normalmode Serial.println(" NO Cars "); Serial.println(" No Cars ");
int green3Delay = 90000;//Time delay traffic Jam lcd.print(" NO Cars "); lcd.print(" No Cars ");
int yellowDelay = 5000;//Time delay yallow light lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.setCursor(0,1);
volatile int trigpin[ ]={12,9,7,4 };//pins connected to Trig ultrasonic lcd.print(" In SIDE1 "); lcd.print(" In SIDE3 ");
volatile int echopin[ ]={10,8,6,3 };//pins connected to Echo ultrasonic delay(green1Delay); } delay(green1Delay);}
volatile int S1, S2,S3,S4, Sum1,Sum2, digitalWrite(side1[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(side3[1], HIGH);
Sum3,Sum4,Avg1,Avg2,Avg3,Avg4; digitalWrite(side2[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(side4[1], HIGH);
//variable specify Distance delay(yellowDelay); delay(yellowDelay);
int volatile long dd= 10 ; int n=0;int x; int x; x=Serial.read(); x=Serial.read();
void setup(){ if (x=='2'){goto side2;} if (x=='1'){goto side1;}
Wire.begin(); if (x=='3'){goto side3;} if (x=='2'){goto side2;}
Wire.beginTransmission(0x27); if (x=='4'){goto side4;} if (x=='4'){goto side4;}
Serial.begin (9600); ///////side2://///////// //////////////sid4 //////////////
lcd.begin(16, 2); // side2: side4:
lcd.setBacklight(255);lcd.home(); red(); red();
//set Pin as an Output lcd.clear(); lcd.clear();
for(int i=0; i<3; i++){ lcd.print(" SIDE2 "); lcd.print(" SIDE4 ");
pinMode(side1[i], OUTPUT); Serial.println("side2"); Serial.println("side4");
pinMode(side2[i], OUTPUT); digitalWrite(side2[0], LOW); digitalWrite(side4[0], LOW);
pinMode(side3[i], OUTPUT); digitalWrite(side2[2], HIGH); digitalWrite(side4[2], HIGH);
pinMode(side4[i], OUTPUT); delay(green2Delay); delay(green2Delay);
}} digitalWrite(side3[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(side1[1], HIGH);
void loop(){ digitalWrite(side2[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(side4[1], HIGH);
///////side1:///////// delay(yellowDelay); delay(yellowDelay);
side1: x=Serial.read(); x=Serial.read();
red(); if (x=='1'){goto side1;} if (x=='1'){goto side1;}

48

lcd.clear(); if (x=='3'){goto side3;}
lcd.print(" SIDE1 "); if (x=='4'){goto side4;}
Serial.println("side1"); /////////// sid3 /////////////
digitalWrite(side1[0], LOW); side3:
digitalWrite(side1[2], HIGH); red();
Sum1=0,Sum2=0,n=0,Avg1=0,Avg2=0; lcd.clear();
for(int i=0; i<=6; i++) { lcd.print(" SIDE3 ");
S1=dist(trigpin[0] , echopin[0]); Serial.println("side3");
Sum1=Sum1+S1; digitalWrite(side3[0], LOW);
S2=dist(trigpin[1] , echopin[1]); digitalWrite(side3[2], HIGH);
Sum2=Sum2+S2; n=n+1; Sum3=0,Sum4=0,n=0,Avg3=0,Avg4=0;
delay(50); for(int i=0; i<=6; i++) {
} S3=dist(trigpin[2] , echopin[2]);
Avg1=Sum1/n; Avg2=Sum2/n; Sum3=Sum3+S3;
//condition Traffic Jam in Side 1 S4=dist(trigpin[3] , echopin[3]);
if(Avg1<dd && Avg2<dd) { Sum4=Sum4+S4; n=n+1;
digitalWrite(side1[0], LOW); delay(50); }
digitalWrite(side1[2], HIGH); Avg3=Sum3/n; Avg4=Sum4/n;
lcd.clear(); //condition Traffic Jam in Side 3
lcd.print(" traffic jam mode "); if(Avg3<dd && Avg4<dd){
Serial.println(" traffic jam mode "); digitalWrite(side3[0], LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0,1); digitalWrite(side3[2], HIGH);
lcd.print(Avg1); lcd.clear();
delay(green3Delay); Serial.println(" traffic jam mode ");
} lcd.print(" traffic jam mode ");
////condition Traffic Normal In Side1 lcd.setCursor(0,1);
else if(Avg1<dd&&Avg2>=dd) { lcd.print(" In SIDE3 ");
digitalWrite(side1[0], LOW); delay(green3Delay);}
digitalWrite(side1[2], HIGH); ////condition Traffic Normal In Side3
else if(Avg3<dd&&Avg4>=dd){
digitalWrite(side3[0], LOW);
digitalWrite(side3[2], HIGH);
49
Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793
if (x=='2'){goto side2;}
if (x=='3'){goto side3;}
}
////////function calculate distance
int dist(int pingPin , int echoPin){
long d,m;
pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(5);
digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
d = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
m= d*0.034/2;
return m;
}
//All Green light,and Yallow light LOw ,All Red light
High
void red(){
for(int i=1; i<3; i++) {
digitalWrite(side1[i], LOW);
digitalWrite(side2[i], LOW);
digitalWrite(side3[i], LOW);
digitalWrite(side4[i],LOW);
}
for(int i=0; i<1; i++){
digitalWrite(side1[i], HIGH);
digitalWrite(side2[i], HIGH);
digitalWrite(side3[i], HIGH);
digitalWrite(side4[i], HIGH);
}}
 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

Fig.7 . Implementation of the System

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We first implemented the project circuit using Proteus 8 as simulator and then a practical system was
implemented using Arduino Mega 2560, with three LED’s (red, yellow and green light) were
connected in parallel, connected in series with resistors 220 Ohm to each LED where the cathodes
connected together with the GND of Adduino , the positive end of each led is connected to the
Urduino board and repeats this for each side as shown the order below:

Side1 signal(Red, Yallow, Green) Pin 24, pin25 , pin26

Side2 signal(Red, Yallow, Green Pin 27, pin28 , pin29
Side3 signal(Red, Yallow, Green) Pin 30, pin31 , pin32
Side4 signal(Red, Yallow, Green) Pin 33, pin34 , pin35

US1(Trig , Echo) Pin 12, Pin 10

US2(Trig , Echo) Pin 9 , pin8
US3(Trig , Echo) Pin 7, pin6
US4(Trig , Echo) Pin 4, pin3

50
 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

Ultrasound sensor (US) pins was connected to the Urduino board as described below:

Ultrasound sensors (US) are responsible for giving information’s about the crowd to the controller for
making a decision to operate the traffic light on side1 and Side3 according to the table .

Table 1. Modes of traffic

Traffic Modes US1 US2 Timing Green light

No Car Low Low 10 Sec
Normal Mode High Low 60 Sec
Traffic Jam Mode High High 90 Sec

The number and location of sensors depends on the length of the street, increasing the sensors gives
more accuracy in determining the level of crowd , but the cost will increase.

The system provided with an LCD screen to display crowd level also waiting time.

Finally, Bluetooth Module (HC- 05) has been linked to the RX and Tx of arduino.

Video 1. Full video available in this link: https://www.journalajarr.com/media/AJARR_84793-

Arduino-Mega-Based-Smart-Traffic-Control-System.mp4

4. CONCLUSION DISCLAIMER

An intelligent traffic light control system was
designed for a four-way intersection. The circuit
was simulated and a practical model was made
to test the circuit and ensure its correct
operation. The system is effective and has low
cost and helps reduce congestion and reduce
waiting time at intersections, and with the use of
Arduino controllers and the integrated
development environment Arduino C gives this
the system is flexible and highly adjustable
The products used for this research are
commonly and predominantly use products in our
area of research and country. There is absolutely
no conflict of interest between the authors and
producers of the products because we do not
intend to use these products as an avenue for
any litigation but for the advancement of
knowledge. Also, the research was not funded by
the producing company rather it was funded by
personal efforts of the authors.

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 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793
COMPETING INTERESTS
Authors have declared that no competing 8.
interests exist.
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provided the original work is properly cited.
Peer-review history:
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https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/84793
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ICvalue:45.98;SJ Impact Factor:7.429