CHEMISTRY CXC SBA IMPLEMENTATION ON

REDOX

Name: Camaya Rumble

Title: Redox

Aim: To determine if salt water accelerate rusting

Lab#:11

Date: February 7, 2023

Teacher: Mr. Earle

Method
1. Different types of nails were obtained

2. Nails were placed into separated and test tubes test were labeled.

3. 15ml of salt water was added to the test tube.

4. Test tubes were placed in a closed area for at least 2 weeks.

5. Steps were repeated using different solutions

6. Changes were observed and noted.

Results
TABLE SHOWING DIFFERENT SOLTION AND THE CONDITION
OF NAIL

TYPE OF SOLUTION CONDITION OF NAIL

SALT WATER RUSTING
ACID RUSTING
WATER RUSTING
OIL NO RUSTING
AIR NO RUSTING
PICTURES SHOWING TWO WEEKS RESULTS

PICTURE SHOWING IRON (NAIL) IN AIR

PICTURE SHOWING IRON (NAIL) IN OIL
PICTURE SHOWING IRON (NAIL) N WATER
PICTURE SHOWING IRON (NAIL) IN SALTWATER
PICTURE SHOWING IRON(NAIL) IN ACID
Discussion

For iron to become iron oxide, three things are required: iron, water and
oxygen. Here's what happens when the three get together: When a drop of
water hits an iron object, two things begin to happen almost immediately.
First, the water, a good electrolyte, combines with carbon dioxide in the air to
form a weak carbonic acid, an even better electrolyte. As the acid is formed
and the iron dissolved, some of the water will begin to break down into its
component pieces -- hydrogen and oxygen. The free oxygen and dissolved iron
bond into iron oxide, in the process freeing electrons. The electrons liberated
from the anode portion of the iron flow to the cathode, which may be a piece
of a metal less electrically reactive than iron, or another point on the piece of
iron itself.

The chemical compounds found in liquids like acid rain, seawater and the salt-
loaded spray from snow-belt roads make them better electrolytes than pure
water, allowing their presence to speed the process of rusting on iron and
other forms of corrosion on other metals. Proving the hypothesis and result to
be correct.

Reflection
I personally learn that rusting of iron and steel is the most prevalent example
of metallic corrosion. Rusting of exhaust systems and vehicle bodywork, water

pipes, and many sorts of structural steel work are all well-known instances.

The combined action of air and water on iron causes it to rust. Rusting does
not happen in fully dry air or in the air that is completely devoid of water.
Atmospheric conditions and the relative contributions of the components that
regulate rusting define the particular composition of the rust. It is primarily

composed of hydrated ferric oxide, so the chemical formula of rust is

Fe2O3.xH2O it can roughly characterize its formation as 4Fe + 3O2 +2xH2O →
2Fe2O3.xH2O The outer surface of iron rusts first in the presence of wet air,
and a layer of hydrated ferric oxide (rust) is deposited on the surface. This layer
is delicate and porous, and if it becomes too thick, it may fall off. The lowest
layers of iron are exposed to the environment, causing them to rust. Iron
eventually loses its strength as the process continues. In addition to our
everyday encounters with this form of degradation, corrosion causes plant
shutdowns, waste of valuable resources, loss or contamination of product,
reduction in efficiency, costly maintenance, and expensive overdesign. It can
also jeopardize safety and inhibit technological progress.

Source of errors
 Too much exposure to metal in the atmosphere.
 Inappropriate surface conditions.
 Variation in temperature around metal.
 The presence of impurities on the metal surface.
 Already rusting iron(nails)

Precautions
 Handle all equipment with care.
 Avoid Skin and eye contact with all chemicals.
 Do not taste or intentionally sniff chemicals.
 Wash hands after experiment

Limitations
Moisture: The corrosion of iron is limited to the availability of water in the
environment. Exposure to rains is the most common reason for rusting.

Acid: if the pH of the environment surrounding the metal is low, the rusting
process is quickened. The rusting of iron speeds up when it is exposed to acid
rains. Higher pH inhibits the corrosion of iron.

Salt: Iron tends to rust faster in the sea, due to the presence of various salts.
Saltwater contains many ions that speed up the rusting process via
electrochemical reactions.

Impurity: Pure iron tends to rust more slowly when compared to iron
containing a mixture of metals.

The size of the iron object can also affect the speed of the rusting process. For
example, a large iron object is likely to have small deficiencies as a result of the
smelting process. These deficiencies are a platform for attacks on the metal
from the environment.

Conclusion
 This experiment demonstrates that rusting requires both air (oxygen)
and moisture to occur.
 This experiment demonstrates that salt water does accelerate rusting.