EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 131-1 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM May 2007 ios 97.145 Supersedes EN 131-1:1993 English Version Laddore - Part 4: Terme, types, functional eizes Echells - Pare 1: Terminologia, ypes, dimensions Letten- Teil 4: Benennungen, Bauarten, Fnktionsmafe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 Match 2007 (CEN members ara bound to comply with the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European ‘Standard the status ofa national standard without any alteration, Up-to-date sts and biblographical references concerning such natenal standards may be obtained on application othe CEN Management Centre orf any CEN member. ‘This European Standard exist in three official versions (English, French, German). Aversion in any other language made by translation under the responsibilty of a CEN membor it ts own language and notified o the CEN Management Centre has the same satus as the offical versions. (CCN members aro the natonal standards bodies of Auotia, Bolglum, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Fepubli, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, een, eland, aly, Labia, Lihuaria, Luxembourg, Mala, Neterands, Norway, Poland, Postal, Fomania, Siovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzeriand and United Kingdom, aa! LPUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 368-1050 Brussels, (©2007 CEN Allrighs of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Fat. No, EN 491-1:2007: € ‘worldwide for CEN national Members,EN 131-1:2007 (E) Contents Page Foreword, 7 1 Scope 2 Normative references .. 3 Jerms ana dennitions . 4 Functional sizes.. 44 43 Standing rung ladders.. 44 Combination ladders 45 Leaning step ladders. 46 Standing step ladders .. 47 Standing rung and step ladder. ‘Annex A (informative) A-deviations, BibliographyEN 131-1:2007 (E) Foreword This document (EN 131-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 93 “Ladders”, the secratariat nf which i hele hy PIN, ‘This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at ine latest by November 2uu/ ‘This document supersedes EN 131-1:1993. This draft standard is a revised version of EN 131-1:1993. Compared to the version EN 131-1:1993 the following modifications have been made: a) Further terms added in Giause 3; b) Provisions for the platform of standing step ladders added in 4.6; ©) Standing ladders with both steps and rungs added as 4.7. ‘This European Standard is one of a series about ladders. The other standards of this series are listed in Clause 2 and in the Bibliography. On stability tests and ladder classes no consensus could be reached. These issues will be addressed in the oxt rovieion, According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvi Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spait ‘Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EN 131-1:2007 (E) 4 Scope ‘This European Standard defines terms and specifies the general design characteristics of ladders. It applies to portable ladders. It does not apply Wo step stuuls for which EN 14109 applies. It does also not apply to ladders designed for specific professional use such as fire brigade ladders, roof ladders and mobile ladders. 2 Normative references The followina referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 104-2, Lakers — Part 2: Requirements, toating, marking EN 131-4:2007, Ladders — Part 4: Single or multiple hinge-joint ladders3 Terms and definitions EN 131-1:2007 (E) For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions following apply. NOTE For single ur multiple hinnge-oin! tadders Une tems and definitions given in EN 134-4 apply. Dimensions in mlimetros Table 1 No Terms Definition Figure 34 _| ladder device incorporating steps or rungs on which a person may step to ascend of descend, 32_| portable ladder ladder which can be trans- ported and set up by hand 33_| mobile faddor ladder which is brought to each operational place by means of mobile support 34 | tung ladder portable ladder with rungs, which have a standing surface from front to back of less than 80 mm 3.6 | Teaning rung laddor rung ladder which dooe not have its own support 3.6 | one-piece leaning rung | leaning rung ladder consisting ladder of one part only Figure 2EN 131-1:2007 (E) Table 4 (continued) Dimensions in mitimetres No 37 Terms sectional ladder Definition leaning ladder consisting of several sections that can be fitted together by means of ‘connection devices NOTE The length can only be varied by one whole section Figure Figure 3 38 extending ladder leaning rung ladder consisting of two or more parts and having stiles which are arranged parallel to one another in each part of the ladder NUIE Ine lengin may be regulated by one rung ata timeTable 4 (continued) EN 131-1:2007 (E) Dimensions in miimetres No Terms Definition Figure 3.9 | push-up extending ‘extending ladder where the ladder upper parts are extended by hand 3.40 Figure 4 rope-operated extending ladder extending ladder where the Upper parts are extended by means of a rope or other means such as chains, straps or eabloc Figure 5 31 standing rung ladder ‘two-piece self-supporting rung ladder, unilaterally or bilaterally ascendable Figure 6EN 131-1:2007 (E) Table 1 (continued) Dimensions in milimotres No. Terms Definition Figure 312 ‘combination ladder rung ladder of several parts, that can be used as, an ‘extending ladder, a standing ladder or as a standing ladder with an extending ladder at the top, and parts of which may be luced ae one pioee loaning ladders Al Figure 7 Figure 8 step lauder [portable ladder with steps horizontal during use and a ‘standing surface from front to back equal to or greater than 80 mm 3.14 leaning step ladder step ladder that does not have its own support consisting of ‘one or several parts Figure 9Table 1 (continued) EN 131-1:2007 (E) Dimensions in milimetres No Terms Definition Figure 3.18 standing step ladder two-legged self-supporting step ladder, unilaterally or bilaterally ascendable; with or ‘without platform: with or without hand-/knee rail; a platform is regarded as a step unilaterally ascendable step ladder = Figure 10 bilaterally ascendable step ladder Figure 44 unilaterally ascendable step ladder with platform and hana-sKnee rail a Figure 12 bilaterally ascendable step ladder with platform and hand-/knee rail es Figure 13EN 131-1:2007 (E) Table 1 (continued) Dimensions in milimetres No Terms Definition Figure 3.16 | standing ladder ladder (with rungs or steps) which has its own support 3.17 | standing rung and step ladder a8] ste standing ladder, one section with rungs and the other section with steps | Tateral part oF @ ladder which supports the rungs or steps as ‘well as cross struts of, | supporting tags 3.19 | rung ‘climbing support with @ standing surface from front to back of less than 80 mm and at least 2 mm 3.20 | step Climbing support wi standing surface from front to back equal to or greater than 80 mm. Figure 14 ee Ay Figure 15 10Table 4 (continued) EN 131-1:2007 (E) Dimensions in milimetres climbing oupporta _ device for holding onto or gaining support from at the upper end of a standing ladder 325 [326 horizontal connection of the stiles of the supporting leg device which secures the tower ond of the aile againot buckling 327 ‘opening restraint device device on standing ladders which secures the two legs of the ladder from sliding apart _| 3.30 aat locking device device to Keep ladder hooks engaged on the rung or step device on standing ladder which secures the two legs of P the bottom of ladders to prevent the ladder from Slipping. In the vase of a ‘wooden ladder the bottom of the stile No Terms Definition Figure 321 | platform topmost standing surface ofa standing step ladder which is, different from a step 3.22 | ascending leg leg of a ladder with climbing supports 3.23 | supporting leg leg of a ladder without uw Figure 17 inner width hy 3.32 outside width by the ueable distance hatwoon the inner sides of the stiles measured at the upper edge of the shortest rungistep/plattorm distance between the outer side of stiles measured at the ower ena of sties or tne outer width of the supporting points of the stabilizer by Figure 18 "1EN 131-1:2007 (E) Table 1 (continued) Dimensions in mitimetres 3.59 340 3.41 [337 | ‘extending length ls | iength to the topmost rungistep ly distance between the topmost rung and the upper end I5, | distance between the bottom end and the lowest rungistep I, ‘stance pemween rungs/steps Js ‘touch-down height ji, tung/step/platform hz of the standing ladder for dotormination of tho outor width bp of combination ladders, measured in the middle line between the stiles _| distance measured over the bottom foot to the top of the top end cap of a fully extended teu distance from the lower end of the ladder to the upper edge ff the topmost ningisten ar to the upper edge of the platform, measured in the middle line between the stiles | distance between the upper ‘edge of the topmost rung to the upper end of the ladder, measured in the middle line between the stiles distance from the lower end of the ladder to the upper edge of the lowest rungistep, measured in the middle line ‘stance beween the rungsisteps, measured in the middle line between the stiles from the upper edoe of rung/step to the upper edge of rung/step or to the upper edge of platform ee vertical night measured irom floor level to the top contact point, upper edge of a touch ‘own rail o¢ a hooking in har when the ladder is standing in | its correct working position distance measured vertically from the floor level to the upper edge of the topmost rungistep or platform of the ladder when the fader is standing in its correct working position No Terms Definition Figure 3.33 | total length /, distance measured over the | (see Figure 19) bottom foot to the top of a ladder 3.34 | length distance fror ladders fy the ladder to the upper edge Figure 19 (see Figure 31) 12Table 1 (continued) Dimensions in milimetres No Terms Definition Figure 342 | inclination « f angle (a for ascending leg, B for supporting leg) between the horizontal plane and the legs ofthe ladder vo [\ 7777 Figure 20 3.43 | width of platform fe | distance between the left and the ight wages of he pla C 3.44 | depth of platform fy distance between the front 7 & ‘and the rear edges of the iiatnern 7 | _ ul = 3.45 | platform overhang c | distance from the rear side of the suppor legs tothe rear 3.46 | hand-knee rail height P edge ofthe platform tothe top ledge of the handsknee rail Figure 21 2.47 | thickness of stile : ‘outside dimension of the stile, | (see Figures 25 to 29) easied perpendicilar to the Stile axis inthe plane of the ladder 3.48 | clearance e horizontal distance between | (see Figure 24) the rungs of two parallel parts of the ladder, when the locking devices are in the use position 4 Functional sizes 4.1 General The drawings are examples only and products need not correspond. However, dimensions are binding, ‘The rungs and steps of a ladder shall be equally spaced with a tolerance of + 2 mm. “The inven wis fy shal Ue ncasurea al te upper exiye UF the Shortest TYMStep. ‘The outside width by shall be measured at the lower end of the ladder. In addition to tests on the complete ladder sections which can be dismantied without the use of tools shall conform, section by section, with the requirements for one piece leaning ladders. 13EN 131-1:2007 (E) 4.2. Leaning rung ladders 424° General These ladders are of equal width over their total length or are wider at the bottom andlor top. If they are wider ot the top ie. after the top rung. Functional sizes are given in Table 2. Table 2 Functional cizee of loaning rung laddere Dimensions in milimetres win 780 340 = 05h 750 = max. _ _ 45 I+ 15 300 75° ‘This size applies also to single parts of a ladder if they can be used separately ¢.g. as leaning ladder. 4.2.2. One-piece leaning rung ladders he Figure 22 — One-piece leaning rung ladder 14EN 131-1:2007 (E) 423 Sectional ladders Figure 23 — Sectional ladder 15EN 131-1:2007 (E) 4.24 Extending ladders Key upper ladder lower ladder Figure 24 — Extending laddersEN 131-1:2007 (E) ‘Tha dimension af the overlan depencis an calnulatinn and design of the ladder it is determined hy the ‘manufacturer. The function and carrying capacity of the overlap are to be verified by means of the test according to EN 131-2 4.3. Standing rung ladders ‘The legs are connected with hinge joints and shall be secured from sliding apart. Functional sizes are given in Table 3. Table 3 — Functional sizes of standing rung ladders. Dimensions in milimetres by be k Is @ B min 280) by +01 b+ 20 0,5 Is 250 65° 65° max. — +18 300 15° 75° The thickness ofthe stile ris the outside dimension of the stile Key ‘example of an opening restraint device Figure 25 — Standing rung ladder with tapered legs Key 2 example of an opening restraint devico it shall not be possible to remove the stabilizers by hand, Figure 26— Standing rung ladder with parallel 5 and stabilizers at the base of both sections ‘or ine laacer 7EN 131-1:2007 (E) Key ‘example of an opening restraint device Figure 27 — Standing rung ladder with parallel stiles splayed at the bottom of both sections 4.4 Combination ladders 444° General When combination ladders are used as standing ladders, the ladder parts shall be secured from sliding apart. 4.4.2. Two-piece combination ladder Table 4 — Funetional sizes of two-piece combination ladders Dimensions in mitimetres h he ‘6 h te z z 280 |r +015h+2°] 0.5% 05% 250 6s" 65" max. = Ist 15, ig+ 15 300 71s° 75° If separate parts of the ladder can be used as a leaning ladder refer to Table 2. The thickness of the stile is the outside dimension of the stile. 18EN 131-1:2007 (E) Key 2” example af an opening restraint device Figure 28 — Com lation ladder, shown as standing ladder 4.4.3. Three-piece combination ladder Table 5 — Functional sizes of three-piece combination ladders Dimensions in milimetres by by b le Ib a B min 280 | +0175 +20 | 05% 045 Is 250 65" 65° eax. = = wis | +19 300 13 13 If separate parts of the ladder can be used as a leaning ladder refer to Table 2. 8 Tho thickness of ailo ia the outside dimension of the tile 19Key "example of opening restraint device Figure 29 — Combination ladder, shown as standing ladder with an extending ladder at the top 4.2 Leaning step laaaers ‘These ladders are of equal width over their total length or they are wider at the bottom and/or top. If they are wider at the top i.e, after the top rung, The permissible inclination capplies to the height of the touch-down surface above floor level, when the steps are in horizontal position. Functional sizes are given in Table 6. ‘Tabla 6 — Functional sizes of leaning stan ladders Dimensions in millimetres by by le y a min 280) 340) 05h. 230" ot max. = = I+ 18 300, 70° 2046 Standing step ladders ‘The legs are connected with hinge joints and shall be secured from sliding apart [Dunng the use ot ladder the steps shail be in horizontal position. ‘The projection of the handrail onto the platform shall not go beyond the latter. EN 131-1:2007 (E) ‘The radius of the horizontal edges of a platform shall be max 15 mm (see Figure 33) in order to avoid slipping at the edges of the platform. Functional sizes are given in lable /. ‘Table 7 — Functional sizes of standing step ladders Dimensions in mitimetres by be ¢ d 4 Is he 4b @ B min, | 200 | **91 | _ | goo | 05 % | 230 | 250 | 250 | oor | os | hte : z max. | — = go esis [300 [0 > Measured vertically ® The thickness of the stil isthe outside dimension ofthe stile © It shall be possible to inscribe a square of 250 mm x 250 mm in the platform (see Figure 33) 2EN 131-1:2007 (E) Dimensions in millimetres. ‘example of an opening restraint device © the topmost surface is not regarded as a step Figure 31— Unilaterally ascendable standing _ Figure 32 —Bilaterally secendable standing step step ladder with platform and handrail; the ladder platform is considered as step Dimensions in millimetres ay Key * read surface Figure 33 — Plath 4.7 Standing rung and step ladder Ine rung section sha! pe designed in accordance wnn 4. ana ine step Section in accoruarive with 4.0, 22EN 131-1:2007 (E) Annex A (informative) A-deviations ‘Acdeviation: national deviation due to regulations, the alteration of which is for the time being outside the competence of the CEN/CENELEC member. This European Standard does not fall under any Directive of the EC. In the relevant CEN/CENELEC countries these A-deviations are valid instead of the provisions of the Europoan Standard until they havo been romoved. Italy ‘According to the italian legislation relating to safety and health in working places — Decree of the President of the Italian Republic (DPR) 547/55 and 164/56 — ladders described in the revision of EN 131-1 are allowed in ttaly only if complying with the following requirements: 41) “ladders shall be also fitted with a) _anti-slippage devices at the bottom stiles ends; b) holding hooks or anti-slippage supports to the top ends, when necessary to assure the ladders stability"; in accordance with DPR 647/56, clause 18; 2) "For use of sectional ladders assembling two or more elements fitted together (Italian type or similar), besides what already stated in a) of clause 18, the following requirements have also to be met: a) the length of the ladder made ready for use shall not be more than 15m, except in case of particular needs, in which case the top ends of stiles shall be secured to fixed parts; b) ladders made ready for use longer than 0 m shell be fited with @ lenyth bieaker lu reduce the deflevtivn® in accordance with DPR 47/55, clause 20 3)__ "Standing ladders shall not be longer than 5 m” in accordance to DPR 547/55, clause 20. 4) _"Rungs (in case of wooden ladders) shall nt present knots and shall be fixed end to the stiles, which have to be held by means of tun tie rods applied under the two end runnys, ladders Kuiger than aia lou present an intermediate tie rod" in accordance with DPR 164/56, clause 8 The Netherlands A-deviation in order to reflect the Dutch legal requirement regarding handrails. "Besluit Draaabaar Klimmatereet, appendix A, article 3' (see Annex 2). in which is mentioned that all step ladders (with top height above 60 cm) shall have a hand-/knee rail of at least 60 cm height. 23EN 131-1:2007 (E) ‘Sweden Ladders according to EN 131-1 are allowed in Sweden only if complying with the requirements in the Swedish Work Environment Act, AFS 2004:3. This means that the inner width, by, for all types of ladders shall be minimum 300 mm For leaning ladders, the outside width, ha, shall be minimum 400 mm 24EN 131-1:2007 (E) Bibliography EN 131-3, Ladders — Part 3: User Instructions PEN 131-5, Ladders — Part 5: Accessories for ladders. EN 14183, Step stools 25