1.

4 FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION AND

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
KEY WORDS…
o Biofuel- a fuel derived immediately from living matter.
o Chromatography- Chromatography is a process for separating components of a mixture. To get the process started, the
mixture is dissolved in a substance called the mobile phase, which carries it through a second substance called the
stationary phase.
o Miscible- describes liquids that dissolve in each other, mixing completely

Fractional distillation: Fractional distillation: Paper chromatography:

o Fractional distillation works because the different liquids have
different boiling points. When the mixture is heated:
o vapours rise through a column which is hot at the bottom, and
cooler at the top
o The substance with the higher boiling point will condense more
readily on the cooler glass beads nearer the bottom of the
column and drip into the flask below
o The substance with the lower boiling point will carry on going
and pass over into the condenser where it is cool enough to
turn back into a liquid state and be collected

Paper chromatography:
o A capillary tube is used to dab a spot of solution on a pencil line near the bottom of some chromatography paper
o Place the paper standing in the solvent at the bottom of a beaker
o The solvent is allowed to soak up the paper running through the spot of mixture
o The more soluble a substance is in a solvent the further up the paper it is carried.