1.

 Decreased respiratory rate is a problem requiring 10. Which of the following is true about breathing patterns? pneumonia
immediate assessment and intervention. Bradypnea is refers to the tidal volume and respiratory rate of an pneumoconiosis
caused by all of the following except: individual none of the above
sleep, drugs an average breathing pattern is 22 /min 19. All of the following are regulatory mechanisms in the
metabolic disorders  around 800 ml of air gets into the lungs per breathing maintenance of homeostasis except: *
increased intracranial pressure all of the above baroreceptor reflex
head injury, stroke 11. A patient was admitted with COPD and needed intubation volume receptors
2. Which of the following is true about acid- base balance? and mechanical ventilation. Which process is interrupted if reflex arc
adjustment by the kidneys take hours to days to oxygen is delivered directly to the lower airways? renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism
accomplish gas exchange 20. Which of the following is true about Calcium regulation? *
the kidneys produce bicarbonate humidifying and warming of air The kidney has no role in calcium regulation
the kidneys reabsorb or excretes excess acids or conversion of oxygen to carbon dioxide the parathyroid hormone maintains serum calcium level
bases into urine reflex bronchospasm calcitonin is released to increase serum calcium
all of the above to diminish serum calcium client must take vitamin D.
3.  A patient with hypokalemia will exhibit all of the following 12. The best action by the nurse if a patient is gradually 21. Considering the ECG changes in hyperkalemia, which of the
symptoms except: increasing and decreasing his/ her breathing followed by following is correct? *
skeletal muscle weakness periods of apnea. flat T-wave
irregular weak pulse call a physician immediately presence of U waves
constipation turns the patient to side peaked T-waves
abdominal cramps do nothing none of the above
4. Talking about breathing patterns, eupnoea is considered a administer oxygen 22. During the doctors round, he advised patient about his
normal quiet breathing brought about by the contraction of 13.  In your knowledge, when myocardial cells are hypoxic, condition which is renal failure. What do you think the
which of the following muscles? epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted causing percentage of his renal tissue is non-functional? *
intercostal muscles increased heart rate. You consider this harmful because: less than 25%
suprasternal muscles it actually increases oxygen demand in the heart 25%-50%
costal muscles it depletes myocardial cells with calcium 50%-75%
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles it diverts blood to the extremities greater than 75%
5. Finger-clubbing is often the result of which of the following? it decreases contractility of the heart 23. A patient with chronic renal failure also presents anemia.
chronic low blood oxygen levels 14. Potassium is a major intracellular cation and changes can This is best explained by: *
an emergent disorder affecting the lungs lead to serious neuromuscular and cardiac problems. Which loss of albumin through impaired renal filtration
hypoxemia of the following symptoms would you find in patients with bleeding from damaged tubules
lupus erythematosus hyperkalemia? lack of erythropoietin
6. The stage of Whooping Cough characterized by stridor, ECG changes blood loss from hemodialysis
catarrhal stage skeletal muscle weakness 24. The MOST important thing about potassium IV
paroxysmal stage orthostatic hypotension administration: *
convalescent stage numbness obtain consent
all of the above 15. The respiratory condition caused by Bortedella Pertussis is concentration should not exceed 40-60 mEq/L
7.  In your knowledge of physiology, all of the following play an most infectious during: administer the infusion slowly
important role in vit D metabolism except: catarrhal stage never give IV potassium by IV push
skin paroxysmal stage 25. While volume receptors respond to fluid excess, which of
liver convalescent stage the following responds to a fall in blood pressure? *
lungs all of the above renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism
kidneys 16. Physical manifestations are significant in diagnosing a baroreceptors
8. A high ventilation - perfusion ration indicates a problem with disease process. All of the following are manifested in volume receptors
which process? emphysema except: antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland
decreased alveolar perfusion decreased breath sounds
increased alveolar perfusion pursed- lip breathing
pulmonary edema hypoxemia
decreased ventilation all of the above
9. A patient was exhibiting signs of hyperkalemia and was 17. What stage of whooping cough characterized by
confirmed by 2.9 mEq/L as per blood chemistry. You would conjunctival infection?
consider the novice nurse to be knowledgeable if: catarrhal phase
she checks patency of IV line before administration paroxysmal phase
checks the order convalescent phase
incorporates the potassium to an IV solution none of the above
all of the above 18. Which of the following is an occupational lung disease? *
asthma 
A 1. Addison’s disease is best described as:                                 
a. adrenal hypo insufficiency C 9. A 60- yr. old lady with chronic renal failure 
b. adrenal hyper sufficiency also has anemia most likely caused by?
c. hypervolemia a. loss of albumin through impaired renal tubular
d. hypovolemia filtration
C 2. The primary cause of the destruction of  b. bleeding from damaged tubules
the adrenal gland: c. lack of erythropoietin
a. operation d. blood loss
b. hypopituitarism  A 10. Amyloid cell occurs in the:
c. autoimmune process a. bone marrow
d. disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary function b. lungs
B 3. During adrenal crisis, hypoglycemia  c. spleen
results which of the physiologic  d. heart
responses: ENUMERATION:
a. decrease in digestive enzymes 1. Differentiate diabetes insipidus from
b. decrease in hepatic glucose output syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
c. vomiting (5/5)
d. diarrhea Diabetes Insipidus does not have enough hormone
C 4. The hypotension in adrenal crisis is  called vasopressin. Hormones are chemicals that
directly associated with; stimulate other cells or tissues into action. Vasopressin
a. low or absent aldosterone is a hormone that signals kidneys to make less urine so
b. high amount of aldosterone the body retains water while syndrome of inappropriate
c. hypovolemia antidiuretic hormone or SIADH develops when too
d. vomiting / diarrhea much vasopressin is released by the pituitary gland
a. a and b under certain inappropriate conditions, causing the
b. b only body to retain fluid and lower the blood sodium level by
c. a and c dilution.
d. d only 2. Describe the renin- aldosterone system.
A 5. Which of the following effects is caused  A chain of chemical reactions called the renin-
by angiotensin 2? angiotensin-aldosterone system is used to control
a. hypertension blood pressure. The kidneys release the enzyme renin
b. vasoconstriction into the bloodstream when blood pressure decreases.
c. sodium reabsorption Angiotensin, a big protein that travels through the
d. all of the above bloodstream, is fragmented by renin. Angiotensin I is
D 6. Renin is secreted from which part of the  one component. Angiotensin-converting enzymes
nephron? (ACE) break down the comparatively inert angiotensin I
a. glomerulus into smaller bits. One component is the highly active
b. proximal convoluted tubule hormone angiotensin II. Small artery muscle walls are
c. distal convoluted tubule brought on by angiotensin 2.
d. juxtaglomerular apparatus 3. Describe why a patient with Cushing
A 7. A patient is diagnosed with Addison’s  syndrome is susceptible to infection
disease. Which signs and symptoms  Cushing syndrome is typically brought on by the
tipped off the doctors to the diagnosis? adrenal glands producing excessive cortisol, which
a. darkening skin & craving for salt suppresses the immune system and makes infections
b. craving for sweet foods more likely in those who have the syndrome.
c. weakness & weight loss
d. buffalo hump & thinning hair
A 8. What is the most likely diagnosis for a 
woman who takes steroid, displays a 
lump on the back of her neck and has 
round swollen face.
a. Cushing syndrome
b. Addison’s disease
c. hyperthyroidism
d. Grave’s disease