AP Chemistry Name

4 ▪ Acid Base Solutions Period Date

4.1 PROBLEMS – TYPES OF ACIDS AND BASES

1. For each of the following, identify whether they are an acid, base, amphoteric, or neither. Write its conjugate
and dissociation equation.
Type Compound Conjugate Dissociation Equation
(a) Neither Br −
HBr (Br− is conjugate of SA)
(b) Base C2H3O2− HC2H3O2 C2H3O2− + H2O  HC2H3O2 + OH−

(c) Acid C5H5NH+ C5H5N C5H5NH+ + H2O  H3O+ + C5H5N

(d) Base C6H5NH2 C6H5NH3+ C6H5NH2 + H2O  C6H5NH3+ + OH−

(e) Neither CH3OH (Alcohols are neither acids nor bases)

(f) Base CN− HCN CN− + H2O  HCN + OH−

(g) Acid H2CO3 HCO3− H2CO3 + H2O  H3O+ + HCO3−

(h) Base H2NNH2 H2NNH3+ H2NNH2 + H2O  H2NNH3+ + OH−

HCO3− + H2O  H2CO3 + OH−
(i) Amphiprotic HCO3− H2CO3 / CO32− HCO3− + H2O  CO32− + H3O+

(j) Acid HF F− HF + H2O  H3O+ + F−

(k) Acid HNO3 NO3− HNO3 → H+ + NO3−

(l) Acid HOCl OCl− HOCl + H2O  H3O+ + OCl−

(m) Neither K+ (K+ is the cation of a SB)

(n) Acid NH4+ NH3 NH4+ + H2O  H3O+ + NH3

(o) Base NO2− HNO2 NO2− + H2O  HNO2 + OH−

(p) Base Zn(OH)2 Zn(OH)2  Zn2+ + 2 OH−

2. The monohydrogenphosphate ion, HPO42−, is 4. Write the net ionic equations for the acid-base
amphiprotic. Write the chemical equation for the reactions between:
ion behaving as an acid and as a base. Identify on a. Hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide
the equation the acid, base, conjugate acid, and HF + OH− → F− + H2O
conjugate base.
HPO42− + H2O  H3O+ + PO43− b. Ammonium chloride and potassium hydroxide
Acid Base Conj Acid Conj Base
NH4+ + OH− → NH3 + H2O
HPO42− + H2O  H2PO4− + OH−
Base Acid Conj Acid Conj Base c. Sodium bicarbonate and sulfuric acid
3. Arsenic acid, H3AsO4, is a triprotic acid. Write the HCO3− + H+ → H2O + CO2
three dissociation equations for this acid.
H3AsO4 + H2O  H3O+ + H2AsO4− d. Chlorous acid and aqueous ammonia solution
H2AsO4− + H2O  H3O+ + HAsO42− HClO2 + NH3  ClO2− + NH4+
HAsO42− + H2O  H3O+ + AsO43−
e. Disodium hydrogen phosphate and acetic acid
HPO42− + HC2H3O2  H2PO4− + C2H3O2−
5. Write the balanced molecular equations for the 8. Without using a calculator, determine the whole
neutralization reactions to form each salt. number pH between which the solution lies.
a. Calcium bromate a. A solution with pOH = 4.2 has a pH between
2 HBrO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(BrO3)2 + 2 H2O 9.0 and 10.0.

b. Aluminum bisulfate b. A solution with [H+] = 8.9 × 10−8 M has a pH

3 H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 → Al(HSO4)3 + 3 H2O between 7.0 and 8.0.

c. Monosodium dihydrogen phosphate c. A solution with [OH−] = 4.1 × 10−1 M has a pH

H3PO4 + NaOH → NaH2PO4 + H2O between 13.0 and 14.0.

6. A neutral amino acid is amphoteric. Draw the 9. At 0°C, the pH of pure water is 7.47. Find the
structures of its conjugate acid and its conjugate value of Kw at this temperature.
base. [H+] = [OH−] = 10−7.47 = 3.4 × 10−8 M
Kw = [H+][OH−] = (3.4 × 10−8)2 = 1.1 × 10−15

10. Consider the ratio: .

a. What is the value of the ratio for:
Conjugate acid: A neutral solution? = 1
Acidic solution? >1
Basic solution? <1
b. Kw of pure water at 40°C is 2.92 × 10−14.
Consider a 0.0010 M solution of HCl. What is
the [OH−] at:
Conjugate base:
25°C
[OH−] = =
= 1.0 × 10−11 M
= = 1.0 × 108
40°C
7. Many salts are acidic or basic when dissolved in [OH−] = =
water. To determine the acidity of a salt, examine = 2.9 × 10−11 M
whether each ion is acidic, basic, or neutral. For = = 3.4 × 107
example, NaF is a basic salt because Na+ is neutral
while F− is basic. For each of the following salts, c. Does the solution become more acidic,
determine whether its acidic, basic, or neutral in become more basic, or remain unchanged as
solution. the temperature increases? Use the ratio to
a. NH4Cl Acidic (NH4+) justify your answer.
The solution became less acidic as the
b. KNO3 Neutral temperature increased because the ratio
decreased.
c. Na2CO3 Base (CO32−)

d. C2H5NH3Br Acid (C2H5NH3+)

e. LiCN Base (CN−)

f. CsC2H3O2 Base (C2H3O2−)

g. RbClO4 Neutral