‫ علي الطائي‬:‫إعداد المهندس‬

By Engr. Ali
Al Taae

There are a lot of waves in this universe that are used in many fields, studies and research, such as
electromagnetic waves that are used in the phone and the Internet. Mechanical waves are like the
waves you see when we fall a stone into a pool and we have waves resulting from the impact of the
stone during its fall, and among these waves Mechanical are sound waves and ultrasound, which is
the principle of the ultrasound device.
Sound waves, which are sensed by the human ear, whose frequency ranges between 20 Hz-20,000
Hz, while ultrasound waves start from 20,000 Hz and above, and they are called ultrasound.
This device is also called SONAR, which is an abbreviation of the word Sound Navigation and
Ranging, which means (voice navigation and range).

The main parts of the sonar device (SONAR):

Display
Control panel
‫ او الـ‬probe ‫الـ‬
transducer

E-box

Probe
dock

The probe consists of an internal main piece, the Piezoelectric crystal, which
works by sending an electrical pulse from the device to this piece and
generates ultrasound waves after the vibrations resulting from the electrical
pulse, and then sends these ultrasound waves to the part to be examined in
the patient's body by The adhesion of the probe to the patient’s body and the
addition of a conductor between the body and the probe, which is the gel.
After entering the patient’s body, these ultrasound waves collide with the
organ to be examined and return directly to the crystal in the probe, which is
converted from ultrasound waves to an electrical pulse, then sends this
received pulse to the device and is processed and the formation of an image.
 The probe is a sending and receiving tool, as we explained on the
connector previous page.
Cable The wires used in the sonar device are very complex, since each wire
is connected to a specific part inside the probe and is responsible for
transmitting and receiving waves, pulses and signals.

The speed of ultrasound within fluids or the human body is

approximately 1540ms, which is a constant speed.

Probe The probe is based on an equation:

Therefore, when I need to examine an organ close to the surface of the human body, I need a high
frequency to get a high resolution, and for an organ far from the surface of the human body, I need to
reduce the frequency or a low frequency to get a clear and high resolution image.

The types of probe differ according to the type of examination and the area to be examined, so some of
them are designed for the abdominal area and come in a curved shape, and some are designed for
areas close to the surface of the human body, and there are those designed for echo to examine the
heart. ‫ علي الطائي‬:‫إعداد المهندس‬
By Engr. Ali
Probe maintenance or calibration: Al Taae

We put the gel on the probe to see if it faces any problem in displaying the image, such as the image
inversion or the image inversion in the event of a reflection or inversion in the crystal, or there is
blackening somewhere in the image caused by the impact of the probe's collision or fall, and if the
screen is black Completely does not show any change during the application of the gel, this confirms
that the probe is completely damaged.

We perform periodic PPM maintenance for the device and start it to clean the device, clean the filters,
and test the device to ensure the quality of the device at the present or future time.

Every maintenance engineer for the sonar device needs to

carry a special USB DRIVE to test the device, and the
secret code is obtained from the manufacturer, noting that
there is a monthly activation through the agents or
manufacturers of the device.
After entering the test system, the device will check the internal parts and boards of the device,
and the number of times of examination is determined through the program to identify faults and
problems. This test checks the voltage, internal vehicles, power supply and much more.
The results of the scan are shown with explanation on the main screen of the device.
This test helps the engineer by 50%-70% in diagnosing faults and quickly treating or repairing
them, but in the event that the engineer is unable to carry out this examination, the normal steps
must be followed in diagnosing faults, which may take some time.

In the event that there is stable electricity, a clean place, and taking care of the device as directed,
the device’s malfunctions will be rare or simple.

The Display: The display screen displays live images and details inside the patient's body and is
used when performing an automatic calibration and examination of the device.
Control panel: There are types of control panel previously that are without a separate screen, and
in modern devices it has become integrated with a screen separate from the display screen.
Through this panel, we control many commands from on to off.
Probe Dock: The probe connects to the PC from here and there is a Connector board inside this
connector.
The E-Box: There is a unit for handling the image and sending it to the display screen and all the
software available in the device.

Common faults in the device:

Screen: In case the screen does not work, it is easy to connect the device to an external screen to
make sure that the screen does not work and there is no cut in the connecting wires or other
internal malfunction, and if the “NO Signal” sign appears on the screen, you must make sure that
the wires are connected correctly and there are no to cut.

The E-box: The methods of opening the device differ from one company to another. At Philips, in
the infinity 70 type, we do not need any equipment to open the device, just remove the cover and
the power supply manually. Inside the E-box are the electrical panels for image processing, the
PC, and the control unit for the whole device. In the event of any malfunction within the E-box
during the inspection process, for example, the image processing unit, its board shall be replaced
immediately and cautiously.
Types of probes: They differ in their shapes, sizes, specifications they carry, and frequency
values.
This is the convex probe
or curve, which is
directed to the abdomen.
The frequency is from
2H-6H and the frequency
is low to measure the
‫ علي الطائي‬:‫إعداد المهندس‬
distant organs.
By Engr. Ali
Al Taae
 This is the linear probe and it
comes in a flat shape and is
directed to the parts near the
surface of the patient's body and it
has a high frequency of 3H-12H.

This is the face array probe and it

comes in a small size because it
targets the heart and pushes the
waves we need to focus in order for
the waves to flow between the ribs
and not split and scatter them if the
size is large, and it comes with a
frequency of 2H-5H.

‫ علي الطائي‬:‫إعداد المهندس‬

By Engr. Ali
Al Taae

This is another type of convex probe, but it

comes with 3D 4D technology and is
rather large in size, as there is a motor
inside the probe to move the crystal back
and forth to extract 3D or 4D images.
The internal form of the probe:

It is an electrical board with

a number of ICs and there
are wires in the back
connected precisely, and
each wire is connected to
a certain element.

‫ علي الطائي‬:‫إعداد المهندس‬

By Engr. Ali
Al Taae