2.

1 Conceptual Framework

Conceptual framework explains the relationships between the main concepts of a study (Adom,

Hussein, & Agyem, 2018) and illustrates a picture or visual displays which are logically arranged

In study to show ideas relate (Grant & Osanloo, 2014.

2.2 Critique of relevant empirical literature

2.2.1. Facebook as a vehicle of connection

Mark Zuckerberg posted in January 2009 in his blog: "Facebook if it could be a country it could be
ranked eight densely populated after Japan, Russia and Nigeria." That was the year the owner of
Facebook realized Facebook had 150million members in the whole world. At the time of this
publication, the website has realized 600million Facebook users.

Facebook as connector in Community

The sociologist Benedict Anderson has this to say about community; it is as a group where even if
the members do not know each other personally, they recognize each other's existence as parts of
the whole and share a set of common practices and experiences. Billions of Facebook users have
found it a home for sharing, people and beyond Europe, America, Africa and Asia confine here for
connection. The community formed could be bad or good depending on the interactions and the
proceedings therein.

2.2.2. Facebook as a communication tool

Critics have it that Facebook isolates people , but the fact remains ;Facebook widely act as a very
important tool for conveying information from one person to another it has greatly improved the
interaction in business sector as users can relate and converse effectively about issues that cannot be
put over the phone or face to face. In addition, for business forum, questions and relative solutions
are provided by either the website timeline or direct message in inbox.

Facebook as Networking Tool

Business have largely emerged and promoted through Facebook networking, but again massively
Facebook’s network contains significant resources for people looking for exposure. With such a
platform business people could easily promote their business and hustles conveniently by updating
on their prices, location, services rendered and items at their exposure. The business people are
urged to diligently and carefully share their information to avoid any public forgery.

Social Marketing

Facebook has hugely contributed to the growth of social marketing. With its massive user base, it has
given the users a platform to reach their audiences conveniently. In addition, Facebook has tools that
allow business users to target message delivery by use of a variety of demographic information that
ranges from geographic location to age, relationship status and even sexual preference.
Research and Insights

Quite a number of organizations use Facebook pages to post their newsletters and other updates.
Business people can use this platform to keep their competitors abreast. In addition, users of
Facebook can frequently share interesting details of their lives; this can be be useful to business
owners to keep track of popular culture and emerging trends.

2.2.3. The harm of using pseudo names and false pictures in Facebook

The Facebook real-name policy requires that a person use their legal name when they register an
account and configure their user profile .The Facebook real-name policy has become a controversy.
The controversy arises from claims by a number of Facebook users that they are being penalized by
Facebook for using their real names, and have suffered surmountable consequences as a result.
Facebook's naming policies do not accept names that Facebook judges to too many words, too many
capital letters, or first names that consist of initials. Facebook's monitoring software detects and
suspends such accounts. These policies have to many people choosing not to have profiles with their
real name.

Native Americans have been repeatedly targeted due to Facebook's policy .As part of their
complaint, to many Facebook users who cannot use the real names fake to use other names
sounding pleasantly likeable, because Facebook's software can’t trace them.

Shane Creeping bear, an Oklahoman member of the Kiowa tribe, had lately reported that he had his
Facebook account dropped on Columbus Day for having a supposedly fake name.[1]

Lance Brown Eyes, an Oglala, His account was pulled out; he couldn’t provide his identity to the
management. Later his Facebook account was reinstated, he had to change his name to "Lance
Brown".[2]

Dana Lone Hill, a member of the Lakota tribe initially registered as a Facebook user for several years,
was locked out of her account. He received a message that that questioned the authenticity of his
name. After a week, she sent her personal documentation to Facebook, her account access was
restored. She has petitioned class-action lawsuit on behalf of Native Americans against Facebook on
its exercises on its name policies.

Native American activists claimed to be planning to file a class action lawsuit against Facebook .A
number of Native Americans have questioned and pushed for inquiries into their names. They claim
that Facebook’s request that they provide proof of identification or other documentation is not in
order to use the service.[3]

Japanese

In 2008, a woman in Japan named Hiroko Yoda had her Facebook account suspended because of her
surname, which is common in japan confuses that to a star war. [4]
Irish

Misneach started a Change.org online petition to demand the right to use Irish names on Facebook.
The Dublin branch of the Irish language rights group that is, He even took it to protest outside
Facebook's European headquarters in Dublin on October 7, 2015.[5]

Scottish Gaelic

Gabhan Mac A Ghobhainn, a retired policeman, In 2015, won the right to use his Gaelic name on
Facebook, although it was not his legal name. Some Scottish Gaelic surnames, names such as
NicIllAnndrais, contain more than two capital letters and as of 2015, these still are not allowed by
Facebook.[6]

Vietnamese

A 23-year-old Australian bank employee claiming to be named Phuc Dat Bich posted a photo of his
passport identification page to Facebook, protesting that Facebook had unfairly shut down his
account for being "false and misleading back In January 2015, ". [7] She wanted to know where her
mistreatment has been as a result that she’s Asian, Is it?" he asked. The BBC came for her rescue by
reporting that in Vietnamese is pronounced similarly to "Phoo Da Bi" (IPA: /fukp˦˥ ɗat˩ ɓic˦˥/). [8] After
his reinstatement, Bich thanked Facebook users for their supportive work. She finalized by terming
the suspension as a hoax.

Tamils

Tamils do not possess surnames: This standard naming practice has not been acknowledged by
Facebook. [9] That was so because both father and mother's first name as initials. [10]

Transgender users

Facebook has adopted the way of suspending users with real names that might be thought to be
fake. Facebook’s real-name policy again does not reflect adopted names or pseudonyms used by the
transgender community. [11] User profiles have also greatly been suspended, specifically targeting
the stage names of drag queens; this was initiated by anonymous Android and iOS app secret
reporting "fake names" [12]

Transgender people have also faced the wrath of this policy; following the gender non-conforming
activist D. Dragonets’, Facebook has downgraded their government identification when supplied. [13]

Chris Cox, Chief Product Officer at Facebook in On October 1, 2014, offered an apology to the LGBT
community and drag kings and queens:

Names policy has been very painful for communities specially Asians and Africans.
The need of users to protect their names

Quite many people and groups find it dimmable not to use legitimate names but alias names; they
include Secular, atheist, agnostic, humanist, or users who comment or blog expressing views critical
of particular religions, sects or religion in general, as well as religious people who express the
opposing views critical of atheism or agnosticism. Some of these groups fear rejection and social and
geographical judgment. We know of countries where secular’s activists could be stoned, killed or
imprisoned. Blogger Raif Badawi in Saudi Arabia was incarcerated and a string of attacks and murders
of secular activists in Bangladesh.[14]

2.3.3. Compromise to protect those with special circumstances

On December 15, 2015, there was a huge protest from the gay and lesbian community that forced
the ‘name policy’ imposed by Facebook to do a press statement and accepted to go slow on the
policy. Subject to verification of their true identities these site is developing a protocol that will allow
members to provide specifics as to their "special circumstance" or "unique situation" with a request
to use pseudonyms, this was tested in the U.S. Product manager Todd Gage and vice president of
global operations Justin Osofsky also has ever given direction for a new method for reducing the
number of members who must go through ID verification while ensuring the safety of others on
Facebook. There will be new modifications for name policy, forcing anyone who makes such an
allegation to provide specifics that would be investigated and giving the accused individual time to
dispute the allegation. [16] Checkbox has ever been installed to let them check off several
circumstances (including ethnic member, transgender, physically threatened/stalked). However,
many users have made remarks that this is just for show, and such special circumstances are
repeatedly ignored, rendering their policy statement as nothing more than public relations.

This measure was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, who pointed out that it forces the
most vulnerable users to reveal intimate details of their personal lives.[16]