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  • IB HL Biology - To Remember (Paper 1)

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    Isabella María Rosales Porras
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    This document provides a summary of key biology concepts: [1] Steroid molecules are lipids because they have a low proportion of oxygen to carbon. Nucleosomes play a role in DNA supercoiling and transcription regulation in eukaryotes. Peat formation is favored under conditions of high organic matter, aerobic conditions, and acidic pH. [2] Gradual divergence involves slow, small continuous evolutionary changes while adaptive radiation is the rapid diversification of a species in response to selective pressures. Homologous structures have a common ancestor while analogous structures arise through convergent evolution. [3] During negative carbon flux, more carbon is removed from the atmosphere than usual, such as through increased tree

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    This document provides a summary of key biology concepts: [1] Steroid molecules are lipids because they have a low proportion of oxygen to carbon. Nucleosomes play a role in DNA supercoiling and transcription regulation in eukaryotes. Peat formation is favored under conditions of high organic matter, aerobic conditions, and acidic pH. [2] Gradual divergence involves slow, small continuous evolutionary changes while adaptive radiation is the rapid diversification of a species in response to selective pressures. Homologous structures have a common ancestor while analogous structures arise through convergent evolution. [3] During negative carbon flux, more carbon is removed from the atmosphere than usual, such as through increased tree

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    4 views2 pages

    IB HL Biology - To Remember (Paper 1)

    Uploaded by

    Isabella María Rosales Porras
    This document provides a summary of key biology concepts: [1] Steroid molecules are lipids because they have a low proportion of oxygen to carbon. Nucleosomes play a role in DNA supercoiling and transcription regulation in eukaryotes. Peat formation is favored under conditions of high organic matter, aerobic conditions, and acidic pH. [2] Gradual divergence involves slow, small continuous evolutionary changes while adaptive radiation is the rapid diversification of a species in response to selective pressures. Homologous structures have a common ancestor while analogous structures arise through convergent evolution. [3] During negative carbon flux, more carbon is removed from the atmosphere than usual, such as through increased tree

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    Biology - PAPER 1 Things to Remember :)

    ★ Steroid molecule is a lipid b/c it has LOW PROPORTION of Oxygen to Carbon


    ★ Nucleosomes → role in eukaryotes is DNA supercoiling and transcription regulation
    ★ Peat favoured in presence of organic matter, aerobic conditions, and ACIDIC conditions
    ★ Gradual divergence = slow/small continuous evolutionary changes (small changes in
    song duration of birds)
    ○ Adaptive radiation = rapid evolutionary diversification from an ancestral species
    due to selective pressures

    ★ Leftover drug in wastewater of hospital = drug not fully reabsorbed by the proximal
    convoluted tubule
    ★ Xerophytes = cacti have leaves reduced to spines to lose less CO2 (NOT to increase SA
    for photosynthesis)
    ★ Bones of wings of pterodactyl, bird and bat = homologous b/c have common ancestor
    ○ Homologous features NOT due to convergent evolution (that is analogous)

    ★ Negative flux of carbon in the atmosphere = more carbon removed from the atmosphere
    than usual, such as if trees grew more so fixed more CO2
    ★ Polysomes = a ​cluster of ribosomes held together by a
    strand of mRNA​ that each ribosome is translating (basically
    a bunch of ribosomes carrying out translation → ​Many
    ribosomes joined to one mRNA
    ★ A triglyceride is a lipid
    ★ Presence of proteins such as albumin in a urine sample
    indicates kidney damage =​ damage to CORTEX
    ★ Lifting arm to eat = flexion, relaxed triceps
    ★ Epidemiological research = test vaccine effectiveness + identify disease distribution (not
    causes of the disease)
    ★ Height distribution in a population = MULTIPLE GENES (not due to independent
    assortment)
    ★ Need ATP and reduced ​NADPH​ from light dependent reactions to convert RuBP to
    triose phosphate
    ★ Loss of intestinal villi leads to malnutrition
    ★ Increased levels of ​epinephrine in blood​ (AKA adrenaline) when intense physical
    activity anticipated → to increase frequency of SA signals to heart muscle
    ★ Splitting of centromeres, random assortment of chromosomes or reduction division of
    chromosomes → take place in meiosis I and meiosis II
    ★ DNA replication, transcription, translation = in common, all three have​ complementary
    base pairing​ (NOT require free nucleotides)
    ★ Potassium moves across neuron membrane during repolarization = ​facilitated diffusion
    (NOT active transport)

    - Pay attention to wording!


    - “Carrier” vs “affected”
    - “Genotype IF it is light brown”
    - Start of digestion of POLYPEPTIDES specifically

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