ATP - ADP

CYCLE
Prepared by:
ARGEL JOSEPH C. MAYO, RN, LPT, MAN, MSc.Bio
SHS Teacher III / SHS Nurse
 ATP – ADP CYCLE
• All living things need the energy to carry out life processes.
• It is obvious that cells need energy to grow and reproduce,
but even the non-growing cells also need energy.
• Cells get energy in several forms, but energy will seldom be
used to power the cell processes.
• Cells have their own mechanisms to convert energy from
one type to another.
 ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) IS
THE ENERGY CURRENCY OF THE CELL
• In the cells of all living things, the
energy-carrying Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP) molecule is
found.
• The energy derived from the
breakdown of food molecules is
captured and released by
adenosine triphosphate to fuel
alternative cellular processes.
 ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) IS
THE ENERGY CURRENCY OF THE CELL
• Cells need energy for three general kinds of tasks:
(1) to drive metabolic reactions that do not occur
automatically;
(2) to move the mandatory substances across
membranes; and
(3) to perform mechanical work, like moving
muscles.
 ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) IS
THE ENERGY CURRENCY OF THE CELL
• ATP is not a chemical
energy storage molecule;
that is the function of
carbohydrates (such as
glycogen) and fats.
• Glycogen is the stored form
of glucose that's made up of
many connected glucose
molecules.
THE CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE OF
ATP
 THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF ATP
• ATP is a nucleotide consisting of three main
parts:
(1) ADENINE
- a nitrogen-containing organic base;
(2) RIBOSE
- a five-carbon sugar; and
(3) THREE PHOSPHATE GROUPS
 ATP DONATES ENERGY THROUGH
TRANSFER OF A PHOSPHATE GROUP
• The remaining molecule is Adenosine
Diphosphate (ADP) when the terminal
phosphate (also known as phosphate tail,
which is the actual source of power) is
removed from ATP.
• To produce energy, only the outer
phosphate is normally removed from ATP.
• It is released as inorganic phosphate (Pi)
when the phosphate group is not
transferred to another molecule
• The transfer of phosphate groups to some
other compounds is called
phosphorylation.
 ATP DONATES ENERGY THROUGH
TRANSFER OF A PHOSPHATE GROUP
• Available energy is contained in the bonds between the phosphates and
released when they are broken, which happens through the hydrolysis
process.
• Hydrolysis is the addition of a water molecule to break a chemical bond.
ATP – ADP
CYCLE
 ATP – ADP CYCLE
• This is done by:
breaking off one of the 3 phosphate
molecules

reducing ATP from 3 phosphates to 2

forming ADP (after one of the

phosphates is removed).

• It is usually written as ADP + Pi