BATAAN PENINSULA STATE

UNIVERSITY
ABUCAY CAMPUS
Bangkal, Abucay 2114 Bataan
PHILIPPINES

AGCC 0523
PRINCIPLES OF CROP
SCIENCE

LABORATORY NO.1B
Characterization, Identification and Classification of Crops

Name: Camille Lorrea M. Rodis Date Submitted: March 22, 2023

Score/Rating:____ Section: BSA-1F
I. Introduction

II. Learning Outcomes

At the end of the exercise, the student should be able to:

1. Describe the different unique morphological characters of crops;
2. Identify the functions of the unique morphological characteristics of crops; and
3. Associate the different morphological characters to crop productivity, adaptability, and
marketability.

III. Procedures

1B.1. Provide the scientific name of the crop, then identify the morphological characters of the
plant organ specified for each item. For each morphological character, identify its function and
indicate whether it is associated to crop productivity, adaptability, and/or marketability. For
samples with more than one morphological character, identify their functions and associations
separately. Likewise, for morphological characters with multiple functions, identify their association
(adaptability, productivity, marketability) individually. The first item will serve as an example. (36 pts)
*3 points per crop (1 point –scientific name; 1 point –descriptions/functions of morphological characters; 1 point –association
of the morphological structure to the crop’s productivity, adaptability, and/or marketability)

A. Root
Common name: Vetiver
Scientific name: Vetiveria zizaniodes
Morphological character/s, function/s. and association/s:
Extensive root system:
a. for anchorage, prevention of soil erosion --- adaptability
b. source of essential oils (more extensive root system, higher yield of
essential oils) --- productivity
c. Higher market value --- marketability

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 Common name: Peanut
Scientific name: Arachis hypogaea
Morphological character/s, function/s. and association/s:
Dicotyledonous root system:
A. As the peanut plant's blossoms become older, they have a tendency to 
sag downward--- adaptability

B. reduce  cholesterol levels to aid in the prevention of heart disease--

productivity
C. Higher market value --- marketability

Common name: Corn

Scientific name: Zea mays
Morphological character/s, function/s. and association/s:
Fibrous root system:
A. Good performance in terms of yield and other agronomic traits in a
particular settings--- adaptability
B. a crop that is extremely productive and can utilize the nutrients in the
soil-- productivity
C. Higher market value --- marketability

B. Stem
Common name: Tomato
Scientific name: Solanum lycopersicum
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
Branching Stem:
A. ability to make adaptation to water deficit conditions
--- adaptability
B. have both export and high nutritional quality ---
productivity
C. Higher market value --- marketability

Common name: Bermudagrass

Scientific name: Cynodon dactylon
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
Upright Stems:
A. can adapt to a wide range of soils including those
that are relatively infertile --- adaptability
B. well-suited for grazing or hay production ---
productivity
C. Most-widespread distribution and the largest
number --- marketability

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 Common name: Sesbania
Scientific name: Sesbania grandiflora
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
Pithy sparsely pilose Stems:
A. adaptable to an unusually wide variety of soil
conditions, including saline --- adaptability
B. production of fabrics --- productivity
C. Lower market value --- marketability

C. Leaves

Common name: Bougainvilla

Scientific name: Bougainvillea glabra
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
Heart-shaped leaves:
A. has many hooks so it can cling and hold onto other
plants for support --- adaptability
B. will stand alone and can be pruned into a standard ---
productivity
C. Higher market value --- marketability

Common name: Sabila

Scientific name: Aloe vera
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
Compact geometric spiral of spiny leaves:
A. adapted to habitats with low water availability ---
adaptability
B. leaf thickness is the main morphological variable ---
productivity
C. Higher market value --- marketability

Common name: Gabi

Scientific name: Colocasia esculenta
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
heart-shaped leaves:
A. best adapted to a warm and moist environment ---
adaptability
B. high yield when cultivated in more suitable areas ---
productivity
C. Higher production --- marketability

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D. Flowers

Common name: Rose

Scientific name: Rosa rubiginosa
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
woody perennial flowering plant:
A. thorns are the most obvious feature of a rose that
was created by its adaption to the environment ---
adaptability
B. can be successfully cultivated in mild climate with
good sunshine --- productivity
C. Higher production --- marketability
Common name: Corn
Scientific name: Zea mays
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
Monoecious:
A. good performance with respect to yield and other
agronomic characteristics in a given environment ---
adaptability
B. highly productive crop with the ability to exploit
available soil nutrients --- productivity
C. Higher market value --- marketability

E. Fruit
Common name: Black pepper
Scientific name: Piper nigrum
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
Drupe:
A. has adapted to thrive in these heavily wooded
habitats --- adaptability
B. it yields 500 Kg per acre --- productivity
C. Higher production --- marketability

Common name: Coconut

Scientific name: Cocos nucifera
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
fibrous one-seeded drupe:
A. main adaptation to the climatic changes of heat and
heavy winds --- adaptability
B. the result is a clear coconut oil that retains the distinct
scent and taste of coconuts --- productivity
C. Higher market value --- marketability

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1B.2. Identify one crop (different from the examples provided in Worksheet 1B.1) for each specified
plant organ. Draw the modified/specialized morphological structure and supply the required
information in the worksheet. (25 pts)
**5 points per crop (2.0 points –drawing; 1 point -scientific name; 1 point –descriptions/functions of morphological
characters; 1 point –association of the morphological structure to the crop’s productivity, adaptability, and/or marketability)

ROOT
Common name: Carrot
Scientific name: Daucus carota
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
fibrous root system:
A. Large root size --- adaptability
B. Highest yield --- productivity
C. Higher production --- marketability

STEM
Common name: Tomato
Scientific name: Solanum Lycopersicum
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
Branching stems:
A. adaptation to water deficit conditions ---
adaptability
B. Highest yield --- productivity
C. Highest market value --- marketability

LEAF
Common name: Petchay Baguio
Scientific name: Brassica rapa
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
arranged spirally:
A. essential vitamins that rejuvenate the body ---
adaptability
B. highest yield --- productivity
C. highest market value --- marketability

FLOWER
Common name: Sunflower
Scientific name: Helianthus annuus
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
 composite flower:
A. having a heliotropic head --- adaptability
B. higher yield of oil --- productivity
C. highest market value --- marketability

FRUIT
Common name: Banana Tree
Scientific name: Musa
Morphological character/s, function/s. and
association/s:
Botanically Berries:
A. grows best under warm condition and mean
rainfall --- adaptability
B. highest yield --- productivity
C. highest market value --- marketability

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IV. Study Question

1. Differentiate erectophile from planophile plants. In relation to crop production, which

plant will give greater benefit? Why?
- Plants that are tall, grow narrowly or broadly, and have high tillering are said to be erectophile.
Erectophile plant species include corn and fruit trees. Planophile, on the other hand, either expand or
contract. They typically grow more gradually than erectophiles. A typical example of this is weeds.
Crop production often benefits erectophiles. Erectophiles grow vertically, which enables them to get
the more sunlight they need to make starch, which will result in greater harvests.

2. Classify the following morphological characters according to which parameter (P –

productivity; A – adaptability; M – marketability) they are associated with. Give one
crop example for each characteristic.
Morphological Characteristic P A M Plant example
1. large root POTATO
2. leaf/stem with trichomes OKRA
3. numerous petals ROSES
4. enlarged stem SUGAR CANE
5. numerous tillers BERMUDA GRASS
6. large/numerous pods PEANUT
7. large leaf GABI
8. overlapping petals and sepals VANDA
9. stem/root nodules SESBANIA
10. separate male/female flowers CORN
11. fibrous/extensive root system VETIVER
12. brace roots CORN
13. short internodes COFFEE
14. waxy and thick leaves GABING SAN FERNANDO
15. large flowers KATURAY
16. long stalk BAMBOO

V. References

Follow the right APA format in writing references

- G. (n.d.). AGRI 31 Exer 2 - PDFCOFFEE.COM. pdfcoffee.com. https://pdfcoffee.com/agri-

31-exer-2-pdf-free.html

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023, February 24). Peanut. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023b, February 27). Maize. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize

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- Wikipedia contributors. (2023c, March 10). Tomato. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023b, February 27). Cynodon dactylon. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynodon_dactylon

- Wikipedia contributors. (2021, December 3). Sesbania. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesbania

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023a, February 17). Bougainvillea. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvillea

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023c, February 27). Aloe. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe

- Wikipedia contributors. (2022, October 10). Gabi. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabi

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023c, February 24). Rose. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023g, March 8). Black pepper. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_pepper

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023a, January 30). Coconut. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023a, January 28). Carrot. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023i, March 3). Helianthus. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helianthus

- Wikipedia contributors. (2022a, April 27). Napa cabbage. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_cabbage

- Wikipedia contributors. (2023i, March 1). Banana. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana

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