Secretariat

Assistant
ENGLISH
Presented by
Athira Chandran R I

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● Topics included in this session:
1. What is a Sentence?
2. Classification of Sentences.
3. Parts of a Sentence.
4. Parts of Speech
● Expected Questions from this session:
1. Identify the kind of Sentence.
2. Identify the parts of a Sentence.
3. Identify the Part of Speech.
 SENTENCE
A group of words that makes a complete sense is called a Sentence.
Eg:-
I like ice - cream.✔
I like✖
Rahul got a new ball✔
Got a new ball Rahul✖
 Classification of sentences
Sentences can be broadly classified into two categories.
1. Kinds of Sentences
(a) Assertive Sentence/Declarative Sentence/Statement
(b) Interrogative Sentence /Questions
(c) Imperative Sentence
(d) Exclamatory Sentence
2. Types of Sentences
(a) Simple Sentence
(b) Compound Sentence
(c) Complex Sentence
● Sentences can be classified in the following way also.
● All the above mentioned sentences come under 2 groups.
1. Affirmative / Positive Sentence
2. Negative Sentence
● A sentence which gives a positive meaning is called an Affirmative or Positive
Sentence.
E.g.:- I am a student.
● A sentence which gives a negative meaning is called a Negative Sentence.

E.g:- I am not a student.

● A sentence which has a negative word is called a negative

sentence.
● The following are negative words:
no, not, never, neither, nor, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, little, few,
neither..nor, etc.
Assertive Sentence / Declarative Sentence / Statement
A sentence which asserts, declares or states something is called
an Assertive or Declarative sentence. It is also called as a
Statement. It starts with a Subject (Noun/ Pronoun) and ends
with a full stop.
E.g.:- The sun rises in the East.
● Interrogative Sentence / Question
There are 2 types of Interrogative sentences.
1. Question -- word - – Questions
● These questions start with question words such as What/ Which/ Where/ Why/
Who/ Whose/ When/ How, etc
● Answer to these questions will be a piece of information.
Eg:- What is your name?
My name is Rahul.
2. Yes/ No Type Questions.
● These questions start with auxiliary/ helping verbs such as is/ am/
are/ has/ have/ had/ do/ does/ did/ can/ could/ may/ might, etc.
● Answer to these questions will be either yes or no.
E.g.:-
Can you swim?
Yes/No
● Interrogatives end with a question mark.
● Imperative Sentence
● A sentence which does not have a subject and which starts with a verb
is called an Imperative Sentence.
● The following are the different types of imperatives.
(a) Command/ Order
Eg:- Get out.
(b) Request
Eg:- Please give me a glass of water
c) Prayer/ Wish

Eg:- May God bless you.

● An imperative ends with a full stop.

● Incase if a subject is needed in an imperative sentence YOU can be used

as the anticipatory subject.
● Exclamatory Sentence
● A sentence that expresses the feelings or emotions is called as Exclamatory
Sentence.
● An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark.
Eg:- What a beautiful sight it is!
● Exclamatory Words:
● Wow!
● Ouch!
● O!
● Alas!
 PARTS OF A SENTENCE
■ A sentence is divided into 2 parts

1. Subject

2. Predicate

■ The Subject names the person or thing that we speak about.

■ The Predicate says something about the Subject.

■ The Subject is normally a noun or its equivalent.

▪The entire group of words forming the Subject is called NP or Noun Phrase.
■ The Predicate starts from the Verb onwards.

▪The Verb and other words of further information is called VP or Verb Phrase.

● Predicate starts with an action word (main verb) such as run, jump, sing, etc. or with an
auxiliary verb (helping verb) such as is, am, are, has, have, had, do, does, did, can, could,
may, might, etc.

Eg:- Tom is chasing Jerry.

■ Tom ---- Subject

 is chasing Jerry --- Predicate

 Parts of Speech
The words in a sentence belong to different families. These families are called Parts
of Speech.
There are 8 Parts of Speech in English.
They are:
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
● Nouns
Nouns are naming words referring to persons, places, animals,
things and concepts.
E.g.: Rahul, Delhi, dog, pencil, etc
● Pronouns
A Pronoun is a proxy for a Noun. It is used instead of a Noun to avoid
repetition.
Eg: I, we , you, he, she, it, they.
● Adjectives

Adjectives are noun modifiers which describes Nouns.

E.g: I saw a beautiful girl.

● Verbs

Action words are called Verbs. It denotes the action, condition or

experience of the subject.

Eg: She sings .

● Adverbs

Adverbs modify a Verb, an Adjective or another Adverb.

E.g.: He works sincerely .

● Prepositions

A word which shows the relation of a Noun or a Pronoun to some other

word in a sentence.

E.g: There is a pen on the table.

● Conjunctions

Conjunctions are connectors or linkers that establish a link between

two or more words, phrases or clauses.

E.g.: Tom is an engineer and his brother is a doctor.

● Interjections

A word used to express the strong emotion of joy, sorrow, excitement,

wonder, surprise, etc.

E.g.: Hurrah ! We won the match.

Thank You...