Phrase &

Clause
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PHRASE
WHAT IS PHRASE?

Phrase is a combination of various words in English that have

meaning but do not include subject and verb. Phrases cannot
have a limit on the number of words, but what is certain is
that the phrase must be more than one word.
 Noun, Verb, and Gerund Phrase
● Noun Phrases
A noun phrase, also known as a nominal, functions as a noun in a sentence. It includes a noun
and its modifiers, which describe more about the noun. You can use adjective phrases to further
describe a noun. Example :
She is drawing a map on the table.
- I brought a big map for the lab.
● Verb Phrases
Like noun phrases, verb phrases contain a verb and its modifiers. They can also include helping
or linking verbs. Adverb phrases often appear within verb phrases. Example :
I might stop at the library.
John was writing practicum report all day
● Gerund Phrases
A gerund is an -ing verb used as a noun. When you use a gerund phrase, you’re basically using a
noun phrase with a gerund instead of a noun. Example :
Running on the hill isn’t safe.

.
 Infinitive, Appositive, Prepositional Phrases
● Infinitive Phrases
Infinitives are verbs that begin with the linking verb to. You can start a sentence with an infinitive phrase,
or you can use it in the sentence predicate. Infinitive phrases function as nouns or adjectives in a
sentence, depending on how they are used.Examples of infinitive phrases include:
You should use a calculator to calculate the field data.
● Appositive Phrases
You use one-word appositives to clarify which specific noun you are talking about. Appositive phrases
work the same way, except they use more than one word. Here are some sentences with appositive
phrases:
My friend, a smart person, help me to draw a map.

● Prepositional Phrases
When you need to describe more about the position of a noun or pronoun, you use a preposition. A
prepositional phrase includes all of the words that follow, which can include noun phrases. Check out
these examples of prepositional phrases:
We do reseach near the river.
 Participial and Absolute Phrases
● Participial Phrases
Participles are similar to gerunds in that they use verbs in a different way.
Participial phrases typically begin with a participle (verb used as an adjective) and the
modifiers that follow. Like adjectives, they modify nouns. For example:
• The design Wastewater Sewerage Installation completed by group 1 is very
difficult.
• Working the lab report, I didn’t let anyone to disturb..
● Absolute Phrases
It’s easy to mistake absolute phrases as clauses. Even though they appear to contain
both a noun and a verb, the verb is functioning as a participle, not an action word. Some
examples of absolute phrases include:
• The supervisor from the head office looked at the sewage treatment system
carefully, the name tag pinned to his shirt pocket
• The time being over, the practitioners left the Cartography laboratory
CLAUSE
WHAT IS CLAUSE?

A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a

predicate. Clause can be a sentence that can stand alone
(Independent Clause), or is part of a sentence and cannot
stand alone (Dependent Clause).
 There is the type of Clauses
1. Independent Clause
Independent clause is a group of words that are able to express or express a
complete thought. Independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence
without any other supporting sentences.

Independent Clause Characteristics:

• There are people who carry out activities or who take actions (subjects)
• There is an activity, action, or action (predicate) that provides information about the
activities carried out by the subject.
• Explain a complete and complete thought, so that readers can fully understand the
information contained in the sentence.
Independent Clause Example:
• I observe a rock
• The laboratory assistance bought some practice tools.
• Volcano rescuers face ash as high as rooftops.
 2. Dependent Clause
Dependent clause is a group of words that have a subject and a predicate, but do not
have a complete thought meaning. Dependent Clause cannot stand alone as a sentence
because it does not have a complete thought so that it cannot be understood by the
reader.

Dependent Clause Characteristics:

• Using conjunctions, for example and, but so, or, yet, and so on.
• Using word markers, for example before, after, while, whenever, wherever, although, in
order to, so that, though, even though, even if, as if, and so on.
 Types and Example of Dependent Clauses:
1. Noun Clause
• When someone founded an unknown rock, many scientists doing a research.
2. Adjective Clause
• The diamond stone, which was so beautiful it has been shattered.
3. Adverb Clause
• When he walked, he found a rock.