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ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines - SVLG 2015
ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines - SVLG 2015
1
Agenda
• ASHRAE and TC9.9
• Thermal Guidelines (Third Edition)
• Air-cooling
• Liquid-cooling
• Air-cooling thermal guidelines in practice
• Performance
• Reliability
2
ASHRAE and TC 9.9
• ASHRAE
• American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-
Conditioning Engineers
• Committee Members
• IT equipment manufacturers
• Environmental equipment manufacturers
• Data center designers
• End users
3
TC 9.9 Datacom Book Series
5
Air-Cooled IT Equipment Class Ranges
6
2011 ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines
Recommended
7
Operating Envelope
ITE
ITE Power Airflow
Operating Datacenter
ITE Envelope operational
Reliability knowledge
8
Liquid-Cooling Environments
Reference
Point
Facility IT Equipment
9
2011 ASHRAE Liquid-Cooled Guidelines
Supplemental Facility
Main Cooling
Classes
Cooling Supply Water
Equipment
Equipment
Temp (°C)
Water-side
W1
Economizer 2 – 17
Chiller/Cooling Tower
(w/ drycooler or
W2
cooling tower)
2 – 27
W3
Cooling Tower
Chiller
2 – 32
Water-side Economizer
W4
(w/ drycooler or N/A
2 – 45
cooling tower)
W5
Building heating system Cooling tower > 45
10
ITE Thermal Design
Component Temperature
Damage
Shutdown
Limit
Performance
Functional and Power
Limit Management
Reliability Manage
Limit Cooling
Optimize Performance, Power, Acoustics
11
CPU Performance – Light Load
21°C 35°C 45°C
PO Turbo
A4 Workload-tuned
A4 Workload-tuned
A4 Workload-tuned
P1 Design
Lower Frequency
P2
Power Saving,
•
A4 server
A2 server
A2 server
A4 server
A2 server
A4 server
•
•
Pn
T Damage Protection
A4 Workload-tuned
A4 Workload-tuned
A4 Workload-tuned
P1 Design
Lower Frequency
P2
Power Saving,
•
A4 server
A2 server
A4 server
A2 server
A4 server
A2 server
•
•
Pn
T Damage Protection
13
Reliability ‘X-Factor’
Assumes con*nuous (7 x 24 x 365) opera*on with Dry Bulb Temp. at ITE inlet.
14
Server Reliability Trend vs. Ambient Temperature
(cont.)
2010 dry bulb temp for Chicago with air mixing to maintain 59°F min. temp.
15
Application of X-Factor (Chicago example)
Cross referencing the hardware failure rates with the dry bulb data for
Chicago, we can establish the Net X-Factor across the whole year.
T he
Net
X-‐Factor
for
in
Chicago
IT
hardware
failure
with
compressor-‐less
cooling
and
a
variable
data
center
temperature
is
almost
exactly
the
SAME
as
if
the
data
center
was
operaDng
at
a
Dghtly
controlled
temp.
of
68°F.
16
City Comparison: Reliability
Average Net Failure Rate Comparison for Air-side
Economization (US Cities)
17
City Comparison: Chiller Hours
Chiller Hours Per Year for Air-side Economization (US Cities)
18
Backup
19
ETSI
20
ASHRAE Environmental Classes
2011 2008 Applications IT Equipment Environmental Control
Enterprise servers, storage
A1 1 Tightly controlled
products
Volume servers, storage products,
A2 2 Some control
personal computers, workstations
Datacenter
Volume servers, storage products,
A3 NA Some control
personal computers, workstations
21
2011 Thermal Guidelines – Power and Airflow
– Power – ITE thermal management drives air movers to cool components
– Air movers, some silicon devices consume more power with elevated temperature
– Airflow required not linear with temperature
1.25
Server
Power
2.81.25
Server
Airflow
2.6
1.20 1.20
- xIncrease
2.4
factor
Server Power Increase - x factor
2.2
1.15 1.15
Flowrate
2.0
Air Increase
1.8
1.10 1.10
Power
1.6
1.05 Server
Server 1.41.05
1.2
1.00 1.01.00
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 10 10 1515 20
20 25 25 30 30 35 35 40
Ambient Temperature - C AmbientAmbient Temperature
Temperature -C
- degrees C
22