INTEGRATION

1. BY DEFINITION

2. METHOD OF SUBSTITUTION
2
3 x +3 x
∫ 3 3 2 dx=. . .. .
x + x +6
2
3 du
u=x 3 + x2 +6 ⇒ =3 x 2 +3 x ⇒ du=( 3 x 2 +3 x ) dx
2 dx
2
∫ 3 3 2 dx=∫ duu =ln|u|c=ln|x 3 + 32 x2 +6|+c
3 x +3 x
x + x +6
2

3. INTEGRATION BY PARTS

∫ udv=uv−∫ vdu

Example 1: Solve

Solution:
u=3−5 x ⇒ du=−5 dx

1
dv=cos4 xdx ⇒ v=∫ cos 4 xdx= sin 4 x +c
4
1 1
∫ (3−5 x )cos4 xdx=(3−5 x )( 4 sin 4 x )−∫ 4 sin 4 x (−5 dx )
1 5 1 51
= (3−5 x )sin 4 x + ∫ sin 4 xdx= (3−5 x )sin 4 x− cos4 x+c
4 4 4 44
1 5
= (3−5 x )sin 4 x− cos 4 x +c
4 16
4. INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTION

3 x+11 3 x+11 A B A ( x+ 2)+B ( x−3)

= = + =
x 2 −x−6 ( x −3)( x +2) x−3 x +2 ( x−3 )( x +2 )

3 x+11=A ( x+2)+ B( x−3 )

x=3 ⇒3(3 )+11= A(3+ 2)⇒ 5 A=20 ⇒ A=4

x=−2 ⇒3(−2)+11=0+B(−2−3 )⇒−5 B=5 ⇒ B=−1

Hence,
3 x+11 A B 4 1
== + = −
2
x −x−6 x−3 x +2 x−3 x+ 2 .

So,
3 x+ 11 4 1
∫ x 2−x−6 dx=∫ x−3 − x+ 2 dx=4 ln|x−3|−ln|x+2|+ c

P( x)
∫ Q( x) dx
 A ( x +2)(3 x−2)+ B( x )(3 x−2 )+C ( x )( x +2)
=
x ( x+2 )(3 x −2)
2
x +4= A ( x+2 )(3 x −2)+B( x )(3 x−2)+C ( x )( x+2 )
x=0 ⇒ 4=−4 A ⇒ A=−1

1
x=−2 ⇒8=16 B ⇒ B=0 .5=
2
x=1⇒ 5=3 A+ B+3 C ⇒ 3C=7 . 5 ⇒C=2 .5
2
∫ x( x +2x )(3
+4
x−2 )
−1 1/2 2 . 5
dx=∫ + +
x x +2 3 x−2
1
dx=−ln|x|+ ln|x +2|+2 .5 ln|3 x−2|+ c
2

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