Lunar International College

School of Business
Department of Accounting and Finance

Assignment Type: Individual Assignment II

Assignment Code: Anth #A002
Course Title: Anthropology (Anth 101)
Name: lamesgin elias

1.

The following are some of the cultural beliefs related to the practice:

 People consider it as an integral part of their culture  People believe that the practice has some benefits.
 FGC is considered as a process of purifying girls. In some cultures uncircumcised girls/women are
considered as impure. According to local beliefs, marriage to uncircumcised girls would bring misfortunes
such as illness, infertility, and conflict. Hence, girls must be circumcised to be clean and
ready for marriage
 Uncircumcised girls would be disobedient, powerful and ill-mannered. In some parts of Ethiopia,
people believe that uncircumcised girls tend to destroy household utensils.
 There is a widely held belief that uncircumcised girls are promiscuous because they have high sexual drive.
Some people believe that marriage to uncircumcised girls/women would not be stable and
long-lasting.
 FGC is also considered as a means of preserving girls’ virginity, which is considered as a
precondition for marriage in some cultures.
 In some parts of Ethiopia, men do not marry uncircumcised girls. As a result, uncircumcised girls
are excluded from marriage opportunities and love relationships.

2.
Yes FGC has negative impacts on health and wellbeing of girls and women. Some of them are:

• Short term and long term implications for the health of girls and women including severe bleeding,
infections, pain during sexual intercourse, delivery complications, and fistula. The impacts also
include psychological trauma.
• FGM may have lasting effects on women and girls who undergo FGM. The psychological stress of the
procedure may trigger behavioural disturbances in children, closely linked to loss of trust and
confidence in caregivers. In the longer term, women may suffer feelings of anxiety and depression .

3.

 Self- identification as Indigenous peoples at the individual level and accepted by the
community as their member;
 Historical continuity with pre-colonial and/or pre-settler societies;

 Strong link to territories and surrounding natural resources;

 Distinct social, economic or political systems;
 Distinct language, culture and beliefs;
 Formation of non-dominant groups of society; and
 Resolve to maintain and reproduce their ancestral environments and systems as distinctive peoples
and communities

4.

• Indigenous knowledge is passed from generation to generation, usually by word of mouth and cultural
rituals, and has been the basis for agriculture, food preparation and conservation, health care,
education, and the wide range of other activities that sustain a society and its environment in many
parts of the world for many centuries.
• Indigenous knowledge is the unique knowledge confined to a particular culture or society. It is also
known as local knowledge, folk knowledge, people's knowledge, traditional wisdom or traditional
science. This knowledge is generated and transmitted by communities, over time, in an effort to cope
with their own agro-ecological and socio-economic environments. It is generated through a systematic
process of observing local conditions, experimenting with solutions and readapting previously
identified solutions to modified environmental, socio-economic and technological situations.
5.

• ‘Indigenous’ is understood (mostly by western world) as being similar or synonym to ‘traditional’,

‘aboriginal’, ‘vernacular’, ‘African’, ‘Black’, and ‘native American’.

6.

Because It is an important thing

• Indigenous knowledge is the basis for local level decision making in food security, human and animal
health, education, NRM, and other vital economic and social activities.
• Indigenous knowledge passes from one generation to the next and enable indigenous people to survive,
manage their natural resources and the ecosystems surrounding them like animals, plants, rivers, seas,
natural environment, economic, cultural and political organization

7.

Yes it is an important

• Indigenous knowledge enable indigenous people to survive, manage their natural resources and the
ecosystems surrounding them like animals, plants, rivers, seas, natural environment, economic, cultural
and political organization.
• Indigenous knowledge is important in that people in a community value whatever resource they get
from the environment through sustainable production systems. These communities are conscious of the
need to self-reliant in capital stocks and management skills
• The knowledge of local people is an enabling component of development. In this regard; a large
percentage of the earth's genetic diversity has been maintained and managed through farmer's IKS
Indigenous knowledge system enable people to develop strategies for handling household and
communal activities.
• Indigenous / local knowledge can help find the best solution to a development challenges. For
example, familiarity with local knowledge can help extensionists and researchers understand and
communicate better with local people.