MODULE

Written by: Minkhatul Fitriyah

 PART OF SPEECH
Part of speech is a clarification of words categorized
by roles and functions in sentences of a language.
There are 8 types of part of speech:
a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Verb
d. Adjective
e. Adverb
f. Preposition
g. Conjuction
h. Interjection

1. Noun
Nouns are words that are used to name or refer to
people, things, places, and ideas. In other words, this
word refers to physical objects and abstract concepts,
Example:
Benda fisik : door, car, bag, phone,…
Konsep abstrak : idea, oopinion, time, difficultly…

Nouns as subjects
➢ Tono has got the book
*Tono is a people’s name, name is noun

Noun as object
➢ I eat banana
*banana is fruit’s name, fruits is noun.

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 Noun as complement
➢ His father is teacher
*teacher is noun

2. Pronoun

Pronouns are used to replace noun functions which

can be people, things, animals, or abstract concepts in
a sentence.

PRONOUN
Personal Possessive Possessive Reflexing
Subject object adjective pronoun pronoun
I Me My…. Mine My self
You You Your…. Yours Yourself
We Us Our…. Ours Ourselves
They Them Their…. Theirs Themselves
She Her Her…. Hers Herself
He Him His…. His Himself
It It Its…. - Itself

Example and quiz:

Subject Kalimat
I I know Emily
You You know Emily
We We know Emily
They They know Emily
She …. Knows Emily
He …. Knows Emily

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3. Verb
Verb are words that show the meaning of activities
and conditions.
Example:
• Walk
• Work
• Eat
• Sweep
• Play
• Run
• …..

4. Adverb
Adverb are adverbs or additional words that provide a
clearer and more detailed description of verbs,
adjectives, or other adverbs.

Example:

When Where How Extent

Early Here Cheerfully Almost
First Ini Randomly Also
Last Inside Weirdly Enough
Later There Expertly only

5. Adjective
Adjectives can describe the quantity, adequacy,
sequence, quality, or emphasis of a word.

Example:
• Handsome
• Beautiful
• Diligent

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 • Strong
• Brave
• Fast
• …..

6. Conjuction
Conjunctions are used to link words with words,
sentences with sentences, or even paragraphs.

Example:
• And
• But
• Nor
• For
• So
• Or
• Yet
• …..
7. Preposition
Prepositions are conjunctions that are placed before
nouns to indicate position, direction, time, place, and
so on

Example:
• In
• On
• At
• Under
• Over
• Round
• …..

8. Interjection

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Interjection is an interjection or a word that expresses
one's feelings and intentions.

Example:
• Wow
• Horray
• Eww
• Oh!
• ….

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ROOT, PREFIXES, SUFFIXES

1. Root
Knowing the root word can help you understand and
remember difficult words better. You can change the
meaning by adding word suffixes or prefixes.

Root word Definition Example

Am, amor Love, liking Amiable, amorous
Aud Hear, listen Audio, auditorium
Bio Life Biography, biology
Cycl Wheel, circular Bicycle
geo Earth Geography, geologi

Example of sentence :
Love, liking : my best friend is amiable,
the mama penguin and her baby are amorous.
Life : biology is the study of life,
your biography is the story of your life
hear, listen : the band played music in
the auditorium, the audience clapped at the end
of the performance.

2. Prefixes
you can find prefixes at the beginning of a word.
Prefix Definition Example
Pre- Before Preview
Un- Not Unhappy
Re- Back,again Reread, replay
Non- Not Nonsense
Sub- under Submarine

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 Example of sentence:
Before : make a prediction about the story
before you read it, I love watching movie
previews.
Not : sad songs make me feel
unhappy, the old sofa is very
uncomfortable.
again, back : it’s important to review
before a test. Let’s watch a replay of the
homerun.

3. Suffixes

You can find the word suffixes at the end of the

sentence, located after the root and affixes.

Suffix definition Example

-s, -es Plural, more than Books,
one sandwiches
-ed Past tense Called, learned
(regular verb)
-less Without Careless,
hopeless
-er One who, a Baker, teacher
person who
-ful Full of Hopeful, careful

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Example of sentence:
Past tense (regular verb) : the girl has many
dolls, how many sandwiches did you eat.
Without : don’t be careless
with other people’s things.
Full of : thank you for the flowers
that was very thoughtful of you, a ballerina is a
graceful dancer.

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 ANTONYM, SYNONYM

Antonyms are opposites, a unit of speech whose meaning

expresses the opposite, contradiction, or contrast between one
and another.
synonyms are synonyms, Synonym states that there is a
similarity in meaning between one word and another.
Example:
Antonym Synonym
Sad Happy Start Begin
Fast Slow pretty Lovely
Bad Good Quick Fast
run Walk Sick ill
agree Disagree woman Lady
Sweet bitter Tired sleepy

fill in the box below:

Antonym

synonym

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HOMOPHONES, HOMOGRAPHS,
HOMONYMS
What do all of these words have in common? How are they
the same?
➢ HOMOphones
➢ HOMOnym
➢ HOMOgraph
Each begins with the root word homo. Homo means same, all
of the words have to do with sameness.
1. Homophone
Words that sound the same but have different spellings, and
different meaning are homophones.
Example:
❖ Sea – see
❖ Write – right
❖ Sail –sale
❖ Bye –buy

2. Homonym
Words that sound the same and have the same spellings, and
the different meaning are homonyms.
3. Homograph
Words that have the same spellings but sound different and
different meaning are homographs.
Meaning spelling Pronounciation
Homonym Different Same Same
Homograph Different Same Different
homophone Different different Same

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 IDIOM

Idioms are typical expressions that cannot be explained

logically or grammatically, but add to the beauty, charm and
appeal of a language.
Example:
1. Blow off steam : Do something to relieve stress.
2. Cut to the chase : Saying things that need to be talked
about.
3. Up in the air : There is no definite plan.
4. On the ball : Very quickly understand something.
5. Get over something : Recover completely from illness.
6. Look like a million dollars/bucks : Praising something
amazing and interesting.
7. Born with a silver spoon in one's mouth : People who
come from rich and successful families.
8. To go from rags to riches : From poor to rich.
9. Pay an arm and a leg for something : Pay a lot of money
for something.
10. To have sticky fingers : Steal.
And below you can write or find out the idiom and briefly
specify its meaning.
Idiom Meaning
….. …..
….. …..
….. …..
….. …..

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 SIMILE

Simile is a phrase that uses a comparison to explain something,

in English usually use the word like or as. Simile is a figurative
sentence or statement, so when a simile is used, the meaning of
the sentence is not the true meaning.
Example:
1. Your smile is like a sunshine in the morning
2. Life is like a box of chocolate
3. You are as a beautiful as an angel
4. He walks as slow as a snail
5. I believe your future is as bright as the sun light
6. He swims like a dolphin
7. They run like the wind
8. It’s so cold here like in a freezer
9. They fought like cats and dogs
10. A mother’s love for her children is as deep as the ocean
So now, I want you to write as many similes as you know, and
I’m going to give you some tables below.
No Simile
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

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 PROVERB

Proverb is a short sentence that is often quoted by someone to

convey a certain meaning.
Example:
1. Strike while the iron is hot
This proverb gives advice so that someone does not procrastinate in doing
work. If work is done on time, there will be more opportunities to do other
things.
2. Don’t judge a book by the cover
The meaning of the proverb is don't just judge people by their outward
appearance.
3. If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it
These proverbs teach to love yourself. Every human being has their own
uniqueness, so don't try to change yourself just because you feel different.

Fill in the table below:

No proverb
1
2
3
4
5
6

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PARENT AND YOUNG OF ANIMAL
1. Bear : cub
2. Cat : kitten
3. Chicken: chick
4. Cow : calf
5. Deer : fawn
6. Dog : puppy
7. Duck : duckling
8. Elephant: calf
9. Frog : tadpole
10. Goose : gosling
11. Horse : foal
12. Kangaroo: joey
13. Lion : lion cub
14. Pig : piglet
15. Platypus: platypup
16. Rabbit : bunny
17. Sheep : lamb
18. Swan : cygnet
19. Tiger : tiger cub
20. Turkey : poult
Fill in the table below:
Parents animal Baby anmals

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BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH

British and American spelling differs in several ways. There is

a difference in the British-English and American-English
spelling systems.
The following table presents some of the most frequently
encountered.
English-UK English-Amerika
(oe/ae) example: anaemia (e) example: anemia
(t) example: burnt (ed) example: burned
(ence) example: defence (ense) example: defense

Apart from spelling, there are also differences in words

between American-English and UK English. In the table below,
we can see everyday objects that have different names
depending on the variety of English we use.
Vocabulary different:
English-UK English-American
trousers Pants
flat apartment
university college
holiday Vacation
Jumper sweater
find another vocabulary and write it in this column:

English-UK English-American

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