Pronouns

and
Context Clues
Group 4
Pronouns
In any material that requires language and
grammar, the use of nouns are common and
crucial. However, using the same noun all over
your material can be repetitive and tedious for
readers. With the proper use of pronouns, the
context will be clearer and more understandable.
 Words that can be used as

What are substitutes for the noun. They

refer to the subject being the

pronouns? center of focus or the noun in

a given sentence.
 It can help in making your

What are sentences more

understandable and less
pronouns? repetitive especially when
delivering a message.
 Different Types of Pronouns
Possessive Personal Relative

Reflexive Intensive Indefinite

Demonstrative Interrogative Reciprocal

 Possessive
Pronouns
These are pronouns that express
possession, ownership, relationship
and origin. (mine, yours, his, hers,
ours, theirs)
Example:
That ballpen on the floor is mine.
Personal
Pronouns
These are pronouns that are used
to refer to people or particular
living things like animals. (I, you,
she, he, it, we, they, me, us, them)
Example:
She always cries when she
is overwhelmed.
 Reflexive Intensive
Pronouns Pronouns
Pronouns that are used as an object of a
Might be similar to reflexive pronouns
verb that refers to the same subject of the
but these are pronouns used to add
verb. (myself, yourself, itself, herself,
emphasis. (myself, yourself, itself,
himself, ourselves, themselves)
herself, himself, ourselves, themselves)

Example:
Example:
Ben kicked himself while
I myself did the project.
practicing soccer.
 Relative Indefinite
Pronouns Pronouns
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that’s Pronouns that do not specify who or
used to introduce a relative clause. A what it is referring to. (some, somebody,
relative clause introduces the preceding anyone, anywhere, nothing, everybody)
noun helping to identify what it refers to.
(who, whom, which, what, that)
Example:
Someone stole my one thousand
Example:
pesos.
I don’t know the names of my neighbors,
whom I’ve never met.
 Demonstrative InterrogativeP
Pronouns ronouns
Pronouns used to point to specific Similar to relative but these are used to
subjects. (this, that, these, those) ask questions. (who, whom, what,
which, whose)

Example: Example:
These will be used later for our Who do you truly love the most?
science project.
 Reciprocal
Pronouns
These are pronouns that express mutual
relationships of actions.
(each other, one another)

Example:
In this classroom, we all treat each
other as family.
What is the importance of
knowing how to use
pronouns effectively?
Asking and correctly using someone's pronouns is one
of the most basic ways to show your respect for their
gender identity. When someone is referred to with the
wrong pronoun, it can make them feel disrespected and
invalidated.
 Using pronouns can make conversations and written
texts more efficient. By replacing nouns with pronouns,
we can convey information more quickly and concisely.
Pronouns help to avoid repetition and maintain clarity in
communication. They allow us to refer back to
previously mentioned nouns without constantly
repeating them.
Context
Clues
 When attempting to decipher the meaning of a new
word, it is often useful to look at what comes before and
after that word. The surrounding words can give us
helpful context clues about the meaning and structure of
the new word, as well as how it is used.
What are
These are the surrounding
information within a piece of

context text that can serve as hints to

help a reader understand the

clues? meaning of an unfamiliar word.

 Common Types of Context Clues
DEFINITION/
EXPLANATION
CONTRAST/ANTONYM ANALYSIS/STRUCTURE

SYNONYM

EXAMPLE/
INFERENCE
ILLUSTRATION
 DEFINITION/EXPLANATION

An unknown word is explained within the sentence or in the

sentence immediately after.

• While planning the party, Marianne was prudent with the guest list,
acting with great caution and care not to invite anyone with whom
she wouldn't want to celebrate her birthday.
• Frugivorous birds prefer eating fruit to any other kind of food.
 CONTRAST/ANTONYM

The text may include a word or words that have the opposite meaning, which
can reveal the meaning of an unknown word.

• Ceasar was extremely vociferous. He was never the quiet and soft-
spoken type.
• Shiloh is so humble and modest that she could never be called
haughty.
• I really don’t appreciate your duplicity. I expect you to give me an
honest response from now on.
 SYNONYM

The text has one or more words that are synonyms. There may be a complex
word followed by a restatement using a simpler word in the same or
following sentence.

• We’ll use the food court as our rendezvous unless you

can suggest a better meeting place.
• Marie is a meticulous worker, but it’s no surprise—her
mother is also extremely careful and precise.
 EXAMPLE/ILLUSTRATION
The text provides one or more examples used to define the
term.

• Some birds like to build their nests in inconspicuous spots — high

up in the tops of trees, hidden by a stack of leaves, and even in the
tiniest cracks of the tree branches.
• The children were able to observe several crustaceans, including
crabs, lobsters, and shrimp.
 ANALYSIS/STRUCTURE
The parts used to construct a word can be direct clues to meaning. Root
words can change their meaning or word class by combining with
different affixes, prefixes, and suffixes. If you’re familiar with the root
words and affixes in an unknown word, you can figure out its meaning.

• The student chose to specialize in dermatology.

• The movie was indescribable because there were so many things
happening on screen that I couldn’t catch up.
 INFERENCE
We put various types of context clues together to draw a conclusion about the
meaning of the word. We simply look at the rest of the sentence or passage and
analyze the words we do understand; does this meaning help us with the
unknown word? It is basically trying to be logical in understanding the word.

• It isn't feasible for me to attend the 12:30 meeting because I’ve

got another meeting that begins at noon.
• It would be an egregious mistake to wear a dirty t-shirt and
shabby blue jeans to a funeral.
Finding context clues is not merely limited to these types of
context clues, but they are the most common ones that you
will often run into. You can also find the meaning of words
through the context of the Mood/Tone, Cause & Effect,
Experience, Logic, Grammar, etc. We just tried to combine
some of these into the common types as they are closely
related too.
 Why are context clues
important to understand and
learn about?
• Most of our vocabulary is gained through reading, it
is important that we are able to recognize and take
advantage of context clues.

• Context clues can help you define them right then

and there, without having to pause to look at a
dictionary or consult another source, which can help
you read faster without any interruptions.
 1 - 10. Context Clues
11 - 20. Pronouns

Short Test
Choose the correct meaning of the underlined
word. Use the different types of context clues
discussed to find its meaning.
1. I just freed myself from a very loquacious history
professor. All he seemed to want was an audience to listen to
his rambles.
a. formal
b. moody
c. talkative
d. worried
2. There is a large demand all over the United States for plants
indigenous to the desert. Many people in Arizona have made a
good business of growing and selling cacti and other local
plants.
a. native
b. necessary
c. foreign
d. alien
3. Many years before, Caesar’s men had tried and failed to
invade Britain. No doubt this contributed to the xenophobia
of the Romans. They were cautious about strangers who
entered their country.
a. honesty
b. fear of foreigners
c. kindness
d. stubbornness
4. The purpose of the psychiatrist is to mitigate the suffering
of the patient.
a. reduce
b. beautify
c. increase
d. banish
5. Such are the vicissitudes of history. Nothing remains the
same. Three hundred years of peace ended in darkness and
confusion.
a. evils
b. mistakes
c. changes
d. rules
6. A combination of fog and industrial smoke, called smog,
has vitiated the air in and around many big cities.
a. replenished
b. destroyed
c. replace
d. contaminate
7. In the course of man’s evolution, certain organs have
atrophied. The appendix, for example, has wasted away
from disuse.
a. wasted away
b. stayed the same
c. did not change
d. convey
8. We knew he couldn’t hold out much longer, because he
had been doomed from the beginning. One night he met his
ineluctable fate.
a. forgotten
b. unavoidable
c. hidden
d. peaceful
9. It is difficult to imagine a surfeit of talent in one
individual, yet Leonard Bernstein simply does not have the
time to make complete use of his talent as conductor,
performer, writer, and lecturer.
a. excess
b. amazing
c. superiority
d. lack
10. After the Romans left, a millennium passed before
people again lived in such comfort. From the year 400
until the year 1400, no one had central heating and very
few had hot baths.
a. a decade
b. many years
c. 1000 years
d. a century
 1 - 10. Context Clues
11 - 20. Pronouns

Short Test
Choose the correct letter of the correct
pronoun/s that fit in the blank.
11. My girlfriend keeps begging me to shop with ___. ___ is so
annoying.

A) she, her
B) her, she
C) herself, she
D) her, we
12. Oh, my goodness! I haven't brought my wallet with
____.

A) I
B) it
C) my
D) me
13. The room was dark as it was midnight, but I saw him
sitting near the window ____.

A) his own
B) without
C) itself
D) by himself
14. You don't have to introduce his secretary to me, I want to
meet Mr Richardson ____.

A) ourselves
B) myself
C) himself
D) for himself
15. ___ do you prefer? Going to the park or the beach?

A) Why
B) Those
C) Which
D) What
16. When I entered the room, I saw her sitting alone, she was
talking ____.

A) with himself
B) to herself
C) by herself
D) for herself
17. He loves to annoy her. But she refuses to be bothered
___.

A) by him
B) by her
C) by it
D) by herself
17. He loves to annoy her. But she refuses to be bothered
___.

A) by him
B) by her
C) by it
D) by herself
18. The car ___ was stolen last month was found in a river.

A) who
B) that
C) those
D) it
18. The car ___ was stolen last month was found in a river.

A) who
B) that
C) those
D) it
19. My mom asked me to clean up the box, ___ was filled
with old clothes we no longer use.

A) now
B) who
C) these
D) which
20. The teacher appreciated the student ___ solved the math
problem.

A) which
B) whom
C) he
D) who
Thank
you!