CHAPTER 6

Health Education Alert – WATER BORNE DISEASE

1. Discuss the Different types of Disease.

2. Identify the Signs & symptoms and Preventive
measures.

Health Advisory #1

Summer is over… and rainy days are here. With rains, a lot of people
become susceptible to different diseases, the most common among them are
those tagged by the Department of Health as the WILD diseases.

W- For water borne diseases

I - for Influenza
L- for leptospirosis
D- for dengue

I The Water borne Diseases

These are infections about by bacterial, viral protozoa organisms.

These may stick the different parts of the body most especially the
intestines liver spleen and the blood.
Waterborne diseases are conditions caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that
are transmitted in water. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing,
drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. While diarrhea
and vomiting are the most commonly reported symptoms of waterborne illness,
other symptoms can include skin, ear, respiratory, or eye problems. Various
forms of waterborne diarrheal disease are the most prominent examples, and
affect children in developing countries most dramatically. According to the World
Health Organization, waterborne diseases account for an estimated 3.6% of the
total DALY (disability- adjusted life year) global burden of disease,
and cause about 1.5 million human deaths annually. The World Health
Organization estimates that 58% of that burden, or 842,000 deaths per year, is
attributable to a lack of safe drinking
water supply, sanitation and hygiene (summarized as WASH). [2]

The term waterborne disease is reserved largely for infections that predominantly
are transmitted through contact with or consumption of infected water. Trivially,
many infections may be transmitted by microbes or parasites that accidentally,
possibly as a result of exceptional circumstances, have entered the water, but
the fact that there might be an occasional freak infection need not mean that it
is useful to categories the resulting disease as "waterborne". Nor is it common
practice to refer to diseases such as malaria as "waterborne" just
because mosquitoes have aquatic phases in their life cycles, or because treating
the water they inhabit happens to be an effective strategy in control of the
mosquitoes that are the vectors.
Microorganisms causing diseases that characteristically are waterborne
prominently include protozoa and bacteria, many of which are intestinal
parasites, or invade the tissues or circulatory system through walls of the
digestive tract. Various other waterborne diseases are caused by viruses. (In
spite of philosophical difficulties associated with defining viruses as "organisms",
it is practical and convenient to regard them as microorganisms in this
connection.)
Yet other important classes of water-borne diseases are caused
by metazoan parasites. Typical examples include certain Nematode, that is to
say "roundworms". As an example of water-borne Nematode infections, one
important waterborne nematode disease is Dracunculiasis. It is acquired by
swallowing water in which certain copepod occur that act as vectors for the
Nematode. Anyone swallowing a copepod that happens to be infected with
Nematode larvae in the genus Ranunculus, becomes liable to infection. The
larvae cause guinea worm disease.
Protozoa]

Disease and Microbial Sources of Agent in Water

General Symptoms
Transmission Agent Supply

widely distributed free-

Acanthamoeba
Acanthamoe living amoebae found in Eye pain, eye redness,
keratitis (cleani
ba spp. (A. many types of aquatic blurred vision, sensitivity
ng of contact
castellanii a environments, including to light, sensation of
lenses with
nd A. surface water, tap water, something in the eye, and
contaminated
polyphagia) swimming pools, and excessive tearing
water)
contact lens solutions

Sewage, non-treated
Protozoan Abdominal
drinking water, flies in
Amoebiasis (ha (Endamebas) discomfort, fatigue, weight
water supply, saliva
nd-to-mouth) (Cyst-like loss, diarrhea, bloating, fe
transfer(if the other person
appearance) ver
has the disease)

Collects on water filters

Flu-like symptoms,
Protozoan and membranes that
watery diarrhea, loss of
Cryptosporidiosi (Cryptospori cannot
appetite, substantial loss
s (oral) dium be disinfected, animal
of weight, bloating,
partum) manure, seasonal runoff of
increased gas, nausea
water.

Protozoan
cramps, nausea, vomiting,
parasite Sewage, non-treated
Cyclosporiasis muscle aches, fever, and
(Cyclosporin drinking water
fatigue
e)

Untreated water, poor

Protozoan disinfection, pipe breaks,
Giardiasis (fecal Diarrhea, abdominal
(Giardia leaks, groundwater contam
-oral) (hand-to- discomfort, bloating,
lamblia) ination, campgrounds whe
mouth) and flatulence
Most re humans and wildlife use
common same source of
water. Beavers and muskr
 intestinal ats create ponds that act
parasite as reservoirs for Giardia.

Protozoan
phylum Encephalitozoon
(Microsporidi intestinalis has been Diarrhea
Microsporidiosis a), but detected in groundwater, and wasting in immunoco
closely the origin of drinking mpromised individuals.
related water[7]
to fungi

Headache, vomiting,
Naegleriasis (pri Protozoan
confusion, loss of balance,
mary amebic (Naegleria
Watersports, non- light sensitivity,
meningoenceph fowleri)
chlorinated water hallucinations, fatigue,
alitis [PAM]) (Cyst-like
weight loss, fever, and
(nasal) appearance)
coma

Preventive Measures:

1] Wash hands before and after using the toilet

2] make sure that the water you drink and food you eat are safe and
clean.
3] Set aside eating utensils of a sick family member.
4] Consult a physician if you feel any of the symptoms.
5] No to food and drinks from ambulant vendors.
 CHAPTER WEB VIDEO
LINK

1. https://youtu.be/azr3-6uNYYk
2. https://youtu.be/3IghcyN2jV0
3. https://youtu.be/J6g_921J074
4. https://youtu.be/p54Po3fyWF8
5. https://youtu.be/fBbHoFM10N0

Sonia Gasilla-De La Cruz , National

Service Training Program ( CWTS &
ROTC )
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_diseas
es