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    Document 14

    Uploaded by

    Abeera Sheikh

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11
    TV News Reporting and Production - MCM 516 + wu SELECTION OF THE NEWS. ‘What is News? ‘News is some thing or matter new. fresh, unusual, unique, strange and exclusive, It may be defined as accurate fact or idea that will interest a large number of viewers. [n a news strangeness, abnormality, unexpectedness and nearness of and event, all add to interest in the news story. The American College Dictionary defines news as “A report of any recent event or situation and as the | report of event published in a newspaper” | According to Lord Northcliffe’ “ifa dog bites a man itis no news but if'a man bites a dog it’s news, | ‘News is in fact a communication between human beings from the earliest period of man civilization. | Hl News is information about an event, some development plan, and movement of important persons as it is said, “big names make big news.” ! Qualities of news = Accurate ~ Balanced t a Truthful E - Recent F : i « Exact s Perfect si Objective + Impartial . Unbiased * Disinclined = Concise ¥. Short * Brief i + Tothe point | - Clear $ Elements of news i + Timeliness/Immediacy : Proximity + Consequence . Prominence = Suspense + Mystery . Oddity + Conflict . Progress - Action # * Interest ‘ . Human Emotions i aed th I © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan ® nitro” wy Production MC se a product and Documentary Pro! ve Factors in Newsworthimess t news must understan - . nd 12 factors that constitule news value, of se involved in broadcast proximity aceptional quality possible future impact Asoprominence ‘sfeconfliet the number of people involv consequence human interest pathos siock value lation component ced or affected may warrant a live ENG house ents, the sare jor new develop town, your local TV station will undoubtedly ontserrat, Moyobambaor, or some other ce. Butthere are exceptions. If the people in Manzanillo rewsworthy as if they died .ded the United States. ‘as a music conductor is Jiness: News is what's new. An aftemoon raid on a rock cocaine ry will probably not be important enough to mention. Proximity: If 15 people are killed in your homet ed in Manzanillo, we’s on how the people died. this would not be nearly as n feared inseots that have now inva is. A man getting a job | xeptional quality: One exception « re Killed because of a bus or car accident, man earthquake or stings fom "killer bees ional quality refers to how uncommon an even eis—unless that man i blind. Tele future impacts The killer bee example illustrates another news element: possible future yc The fat that the killer bees are now inthe United States and may eventually be a threat fo c watching the news makes the story much more newsworthy. hh JFeandane burglary of an office in the Watergate Hotel in Washington, DC, was hardly news until two rorers named Woodward and Bernstein saw the implications and the possible future impact rally, the sory behind this seemingly common burglary brought down a U.S. President. Tuigenee: The 15 deaths in Manzanillo might also go by unnoticed by the local media unless sone prominent was on the bus—possibly a movie slar or @ wellknown politician. If a U.S. ree Cour Justice ges nati, i 2s John Smit, your next-door neighbor, gets married, i bly it ‘Canfict: Conflict in its many forms hus long held the interest of Sbservers. The conflict may be | or emotional. It can be open, overt conflict, such as a civil uprising against poi i uy be ideological conflict between politcal candidates eee tae re conflict could be as simple as a person stending on his principles and spending a year fighting cit over a parking citation. In addition to "people against people" conf eran be ents with id animals, nature, the environment, or even the frontier of space. “The sumber of people involved or aifeted: The more people involved in a news event, be it a leonration of a tragic accident, the more newsworthy the story is. Likewise, the number of people ced by the event, whether its z new heulth threat or @ new tax ruling, the more praced ary is 6. Cu.ncyuence: The fact that a car hit a wility pole isn't news, unless, as a conse: icughoat a city for several hours. The fact that a computer virus found its way intc ©Copyright Virtual Univesity of Pakistan @y nitro’ profession. ead ered aan % TV News Reporting and Production - MCM 516 vu smight not be news until it bankrupts a business, shuts down a telephone system, or endangers lives by destroying crucial medical data at a hospital. 9. Human interest: Human-interest stories are generally soft news. Examples would be @ baby beaup Contest, a person whose pet happens to be a nine-foot boa constrictor, or a man who makes a cart so thal his two-legged dog can move around again, : ig le story On a slow news day even a story of fire fighters getting a cat out of a tree might weal ee | (Or, as shown here, a kid meeting a kid.) Human- interest angles can be found in Feige A flood will undoubtedly have many human-interest angles: a i po ari Pi R {wo days, a boy who lost his dog, or families retuming to their mudefilled homes. | secingl 10. Pathos: The fact that people like to hear about the misfortunes of other an : fe ied hearing about such things commonly elicits feelings of pity, sorrow, sympathy, a call these stories "tear jerkers." : seTiedial Examples are the child who is now all alone after his parents were killed in a car eae i woman who just lost her life savings to a con artist. or the blind man 2 atone starving, af This category isn't just limited to people. How about horses that wee found neglected ands ae i the dog that sits at the curb expectantly waiting for its master to return The the man was killed in an accident weeks ago. = sed by gas leak than itp ion i has less shock value if it was caused by itl dese 11, Shock value: An explosion in a factory cha revolve foun ina} ‘caused by a terrorist. The story of a six year-old boy who shot his mother Petar eiees Wael bedside drawer has more shock (and therefore news) value than ifs woman le a ie itllation factor (below) are well known to the . The lure 0 ones dos al some stories getting inordinate attention, such as the sordid details of 2 oe it—which bri I point. ae ist avhich brings us to the final p. : ; 5 ae SE cae Thi factor primarily involves gender and is commonly featured—son# cong, a 2 vould say exploited—during rating periods, The | the in LESSON 19 / THE NEWS to modify the qo a numbers oF FAC1OTS " jo and there are @ xy important ting Oy ona iees itive. a of nes in acta i ofthe story: news medium may eres ins ime ees say nit so my pa dominates the aul class of viewers ‘and listeners that is for that medium. - nines whether is told riefly or in detail and MS amount of tine avaiable 00 te2V81°0 deter asthe value of a news StOFY mating he same nes als sometimes des nce of a news story: creases the importa composition. A narratives © short oy to write the news? : er kinds of fom all other Kin jon Me ekground of With news story is totally. and radiee J a va novel, aplay, a drama, boo pt begins with a description ckgrou "non “conditions. The story ends $000 mer the climax is reached. aoe the details for the closing Hniroduction of various characters an ; th the climax and I sine contrary, a standard news story saris Wil ence. ‘or information is given in e of a story while in ed then the relevant detail is ned at start jually and maj story in all other cases opens gra te things are mention weit opens with a bang all concre scribed. inverted pyramid foram or the upright rangle isthe syle of fefon oF literary writing where-2s the news follows inverse triangle or inverted pyramid style, 2 uutents of news What happened? What is the event? bat? fee When it occurred, at what time it took place? ere? The place, where the incident occured Wo ‘The persons involved at that vecasion. i My ‘The reason of that particular issue. low? ‘The sequence of the event. lead tthe heading ofthe news that contains the above-mentioned five Ws and one H. Jaro . fneans the introduction-and itis first and revs, Many features and essay have also the intro the foremost part of the news'as it contains the gist of whole ine ‘rit line is the thing mentioned in the start ol a news Ps is here it has been obtained, alates lace of news with its source from body text thus followed by the body text that contains the details of a particular story 2 oe * ‘© Copyright Virwal University of Pakistan fa i @ nitro” professi once en seta newsroom ‘TV News Reporting and Production ~MCM 516 ae ‘Types of news according to contents + News based on facts +» News based on statement + News based on action News based on facts ‘The structure of the news based on fact will be as follows: i Leading fact Secondary fact Other fact as the story proceeds further ‘aor story is not very difficult to writ) ailable and to arrange them in ord hand can easily be cut down af stant facts or the climax of the story is given and information is revealed. Such value of data end fact avi paragraph In the lead the most impo facts, secondary or subsequen The important thing is to judge the relative oftheir importance. The composition breaks logically at &s"* Tengthened as according to time available taken as a news as in our county News based on statement some prominent personality is also The statement or the quote of there is lot of statement journalism. ‘The structure of such news will be as follows; Lead summary of the statement ‘Summary of less important part ‘Summary of even lesser important part “These include speeches, views; interviews talks, comments and opinions based on recorded information delivered either in written form or verbally told fo the news reporters. | ¥ action News based on statement dificult to write as compared to rest of two types of the stories The reports idents, description of persor ] ‘The action news is quite only narrated the action involved in that action, statements 0! ‘and important events are given in chronel provided. in mind the dramatic inci lata as well. After the lead is written ‘background and detail i but he has to keep it eyewitnesses and explanatory ck logical order, important information, Finding out the lead ‘Areporter while writing a news story of any kind is constantly in search of a fact or a combination the | A Te suitable for a lead. Afterall the fact and information the reporter faces the task of convertine | aan sn to a brisk beginning, In most of the news stories. the most imporiant 50 information i given in the opening paragraph, which is ead and for lead Usually “answer the five Ws technique” i followed. understand it, Usually it should be | sage. ‘The lead should be clear, provocative and simple, as one can easil seth ename, a noun, oranarticle, rarely with a participle proposition or complete pas: Example sured last night (when) as a speeding truck (what) collide Three persons (who) killed and nine i (wy) with a coach while overtaking another bus (how) at GT road (where) © Copyright Virtual University of Pakiston MCM 516 han that of radio or a paper’s newsroom as television ts and other technical apparatus. {pV News Reporting and Production = complicated t J production expert «television newsroom is more ‘room has editing equipment and y TV News Reporting and Production - MCM 516 | Baiting th | The frste | Every nev : . : 4 reliability Asub- Q EDITING OF THE. NEWS LESSON 18) 35 well as | The geogr: The viewer “vu The word edit " edit is synonymous to prepare, correct, tidy up. check over. revise, amend, change. alte. modify, adjust, transform and this all is done while editing a: i cell as the ne' i s this all is done while editing any written item as well as the news. bom Character ‘The editin Ii 1g desk of a news channel is the hub and center around which all activities of news production) , ore revolve and upon which news team ultimately concentrate. Itshoul y It should ec The gatheri jer tecaay i gathering of news is an interesting and peculiar job and for this purposes a large crew is engaged in : Het vel i oe oy gui of the world, reporting to thair principal news stories. momentous interesting dull. <4) 1¢ pegins wi | his distribe : ; : {it cites the News isa shor-ived and ephemeral commodity, yet itis reparded a essential to civilization and in he ats hes making of that commodity a subveditor plays an important role in shaping it into form, attractive a4 relates to aaa it relates to i a im Media has no contol over the events taking plac al around, but they have t present the sum toll of procesaa the day’s happening in a digestible form. Great occurrences are “few and far between and minal ii ai happenings are more numerous. = ‘A particular day may be full with great events or even one event may overwhelm all othe happenings je SUP-edl ‘The next day may be very insignificant from the news point of view but the sub-editor has to produc} i time te Tee bulletin gd has to make it as interesting as possible to the large number of people who listen fe aaa watch [Although the sub-editor cannot determine the nature or the quality ofthe material gathered of the dal an owner put one can control the use of news. S/he has to choose enough for filing the time of different nev) a, nee bulletins. Keeping that limitation in view, the sub-editor can pick, choose and reject the news but ie aie cannot be arbitrary or random. room as eact ‘throughout the whole process of selection, he has to take care ofthe poles of the news channel. TEte the writ quality of resultant production depends on ‘wisdom, the judgment and the skill of group of subset mplte er producing the news bulletin. Peet ‘The reporters exercise an initial discrimination in the selection of the news and in shaping it according "POMAMt AS to the policy and time available with a news channel, but it Is i the newsroom where it is final}, dressed for bulletin, It is here that the news is polished and improved and errors that ereep in reporter}. a sub-edit copy are corrected. It sin the newsroom that the news takes 0 new form itor can s| proportional aa fthe different andle all ty i ‘Thus the sub-editor has to be ever vigilant. Competent handling of the copy is essential to eve editor can nullify the efforts of a best reporter and a very effici channel and an inefficient sul Ginection of the superior staff. While efficient and experienced sub-editors can correct the errors of ti reporting staff if any and can recover the indifferent and loosely worded copy Since the sub-editor has the last word in the production of the news bulletin. their inefficleney, lack 9 Knowledge and failures mar the finised product, For these particular reasons they have to be care intelligent, knowledge able, alert and skilled. : | ‘The sub-editing of a news, the cutting of the news according to time available on any given day, th Tonmation of suitable headlines, and arrangement of news bulletins require a very high grade of De Teine, but also a sound education, a lot of general knowledge and a long practice of news makin competence in international affairs, and a sense of balance and proportior < sub-editor. © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan re nitro" TV News Reporting and Production ae ng the news : escent of nes ti very news producer and sub ion for fairness and accurac) . sditor vould remember the channel's reputati i s. : “ 7 wu rablity rests upon an accurate eau a ee who would eines in these new i e number and class of pe vab-editor has to keep in mind the number of people wi -ESSON 1M ood for teecasting them while they still have ne seed sof an vent dost othe rest forthe HEWES oa ve ineret in al sors of contests and conics, hhange, alte = racteristies of good news eutittbisfest possible summary of stor 5 production tudes five Ws and H that are important. ae ck one paragraph preferably ut ften has more than one paragraphs, _ pps the main points of the story s engaged if icky summarizes the most impoctant fact ofthe story in first Few words. ‘esins with specific interesting and affecting words Per vi eal wefences when oo mus infomation would make an excessive long sentence, ies the source from where the news is generated. identities the persons mentioned. relates to previous news if it isa follow-up story. on and in th tractive ang cess of editing a news sum toma effi process of editing is intent make it asier forthe newseaste Wo read the copy. Corrections must and ‘fe indicated clearly and matter inserted written legibly. All letters should be written carefully. tapers ‘general sense. He may mark a mistake here and there in spread is mostly for the second reading. He should read it again for the ives se the possibility of over sight and to see thet he story reads coherent. Then he gives Jot the daft erienced editor may edit he news story in first reading but it is recommended that a story should > {othe da jad once again ater marking out the mistakes and corrections. Terent neers should be instructed to end each page of copy on a complete paragraph. It makes for good el in the composing room and eliminates the need of eutting the story into parts in the composing on as each page may be given to different compositor. tne writer has not observed this rule, the sub-editor should rewrite the copy to make each page @ splete unit ting the news copy, which in journalistic erm is called “Subbing”, is a progressively becoming more portant as the speed of news coverage increases and the news horizon broadens. ie sub-editor can make a first rate newspaper out of a third rate copy. On the other hand a poor sub- jor can spoil the work of the best reporter. It is he who reconstructs and reduces ‘the news to its xoportonal time. every new : 2 Thaaieaf sitferent sub-editors onthe desk also specialize in different sort of news but quite often they have to “trons of thfiusleall type of news coming to the news channel, ney, lack off be careful] en dy, the ide of news ws making| versity of Pakistan o nit PF brofessior © Copyright Virtwal U — There is ‘TV News Reporting and Production ~ MCM 516 Faas q a ne as J TV and 1 LESSON 19 | iformati COMPILATION OF NEWS RULLETIN nee convs! | ‘The recent past ‘ ote Ss ntl ce Witnessed an explosion in the number of news media serving the audience all over| [He lead! There are various television Channels, full time and all news networks, sports channel.| °ad- The financial news chann: c el, entertainment channel, historica: char ligious ct and even weather introduce channel. , ‘hannel, religi ‘hannel e | | The broae More news is available now than at any other time in human history. Obviously news is an importa ‘OrWersst! commodity for all kind of public. Before anything becomes news, however, it must be reported. a rise inj gasoline prices, a city council meeting, a road accident, a political gathering. a protest rally, all must be filtered through the eyes and ears of the a journalist. A reporter must be aware of qualities that characterize a news story. the types of news that exist. and th difference in the way the various media cover news. Soft news Soft news the audien curiosity, + topics, eve a! focal 70 cook who 5 From the million of things happen every day, print, broadcast, telecast and online journalist deci which few things are worth reporting. Deciding what is newsworthy is not an exact science. News values are formed by tradition, technology, organizational policy, and increasingly economics. Features a Primarily 0 TV feature: nothing but ; stati First, some stories cost more to cover than other. Its cheaper to send a reporter with a camera crew wf sat0? 40e city council meeting than to assign a team of reporters 1o investigate city council's corruption. So Nonetheless most of-the jourtilists agreé that there are some common elements that character newsworthy events. In addition to five traditional elements of timeliness, proximity, prominence ‘consequence and human interest of news vahie, economic plays a vital role now. é a ‘ st news operations might nt be willing pay the price fr such story. Telecast fe: Conversely ater spending a large some of money pursing in a story, the news channel might run ifend somett everyday si even if it had litte traditional news value, sitply to justify its cost to the management, By the same token, the cost of new technology is reflected inthe types of stories that are covered. Whe ‘TV stations went to Electronic News Gathering (ENG) stories that could be covered live became mor} important. feature is ak Investigatis ‘These repor information In fact, many organizations, conscious of scheduling of T'V news programmes, plan their meetings an demonstrations during the newscast to enhance their chance of receiving TV coverage. newspaper 1 exposing cor Compiling News Bulletin ; ‘While compiling a news bulletin, generally news ean been broken into three broad categories: Investigative jre_generall Hard news Soft packaged in news Investigative report in television IDocuments a Hard news TV reporter Hard news stories make up the bulk of news reporting. They typically embody the traditional new Moreover the values. Hard news consists of basic fact. It is the news of important public events, such as governme actions, international happenings, social conditions, the economy. crime. environment and science. [Seed is mo hens as ane Hard news has significance for the large number of people. The front sections of a newspaper. 38 Se¥ magazine and the lead stories of a radio or television newscast usually are filled with hard news. bewspaper In the broadcast media, with the added considerations of limited time, sound and video, tclect reporting follows a square format. The information level stays about the © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan ee nitro" IV News Repot 1 iacts that ag lea read, A hard news get a soft Is “snows sores are cher 2 bard oF 8% A aed and rao 6 tae sot Whee #82 SL Tea is use mation, the basi smvey much information a i Sn and it amp ‘which introduces new informal fies the ces aa van be used to personaliZe the main Pp ted by the body of the the final few sentences ‘or discuss future developments fc lead then SUPPO* “The summations, roduce another fact, ap - 1 t is more informal, ent from that of print news: gned to complement sound Bites that are the voice of e ally lit ne breast or news telecast is totaly m Pretfonal, and simple. in addition it #8 <= womaker of videotape segment a a or femure covers a wide erivory. The one ding all soft news has in common Is that it agree sacs yee, Features typically rely on human joterest for the news value. They appeal 10 PSF e's way, sympathy, skepticism, disbelief, or amazement “They san be about places, people, anime is events, of produets. Some stories that would be vTjgaified as soft news are the birth of kangar0e ree yoo, a personality sketch of 2 local resident who have & ‘small part in the upcoming movie, & ok who works a sa stand-up comedian, a feenager gets a 12% refund cheques. dience likes them. Many television and print vehicles are based ralures are entertaining and the inatly on the soft content. i oye more eommnon than radio featuces. In some large TV markets one of more reporter cover hing but features. Almost all stations have feature file whers ty “ideas are catalogued. If a local TV pan es not have the resource to produce local features, it can look to syndication companies that fouide the general interest features for a subscription fee. scat features also use a variety of formats. Humorous leads and delaying the main points until the

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