TV News Reporting and Production - MOM S16 wl LESSON 21 MAKING SPECIAL BULLETINS of fh day's scenario as the electronic media have grown up a fot and it eater for all types of audience. 8 say we have news bulletins for almost all kinds of viewers. There are general news bulletins, ich include all kind of news items for wide-rnging public. Then we have special news bulletins on rcified news channels as well rade/industey Kind of channels telecast news related (a trade, business, buying and selling, stock exchange fosters, rise and fall of shares o' different cornpanies. The information is presented by serolling on een all the time, : a i out country that has a larger agricultural economy base, di » bulletins about farmers and ports i rts is a topic of interest of all age groups 0° viewers and to cater this need all the news channels jsevise the special programmes, have special news bulletins, live transmissions about the different punaments and competitions being held nationally and internationally. Show biz : Ne matters regarding the activities of film, sadio, fcriormers, directors, is of prime interest to jsunal profiles so the news channels also havi » theatre and television artists, singers, actors, eral public and they: want to know about even their Portioa for them iv. their news bulletins. ie to the advancement in media People are more aware of fashiots in and out, life styles in vogue, mike up techniques and methods of make over, so the news channels also address this type of Ve Wo have television channels lucully"and globally éedicated to music only and the whole daylong, itsmissions on such channels have music charts, albums and numbers as well as gossips of singers. tere are channels specified only to drama, sit-vom, ayedy, comedy, Series, serial, soaps and these air is relevant information. "mn for every body to plan the day activities like traveling out station or hing laundry at home so ull the news channels have weather reports in their news bulletins but there is specified Weather channel so fur in our country Educational Tisse channels are education oriented and they cim at distant education for the people living in remote Jucas or those not able to attend full-time courses, There ave lectures on different subjects through dstance learning, © Copyright Virwal University of Pakistan ay nitro? +Ti vy EV News Reporting an Prostuction MUM S16 = w LESSON G0 PRESENTATION OF etn of EWS BLL Psst are many types of news telecast and cacls ene ig presented in different manners and prepared in ‘rent style. Probably the most elementary type of news telecast is one in which the telev srers find it necessary to process le. ews items, making them worthy watching and hearable than spone eAperienced in the field of electronic media knows that there are newscasters and sreaders, Who merely read a news bulletin, and the news anchors of the news commentator, who « news of the day, relate it to happening of the past and to those of probable future, and analyze ‘pificance. speaker. who puts a great deal of his personaly into such presentation, gives this news telecast in a = formal manner. The news that is presented by a commentator may be coloured by his/her own se or by the policy of either his station or the sponsor, if the news telecast is sponsored viewers are tuning in on 2 programme, anchors usually save their most important item for second unless their news is preceded by the lengthy announcements. An item of national or international st is considered most important. Ws-anchor attempts to tie up today’s story with y" effect which shows how the events of the yeste! 'S may effect the society and history in the future. we news of yesterday, forming sort of “continued day have ied to those of today, and how these sing the course of programme the news comm ie to insert short, bright, and fast moving prooducer, the news ancl \tator includes some human-interest stories. It is good w items between long news features. As the news reporter hor must have the sense ci what will appeal the greatest number of viewers: wr is subject of universal interest while fina eisational news of the news anchor is not <0 Stifement will interest only a limited class, The immediate as that presented in the press news report. NWS anchors speak extemporary trom fotes, cleverly changing their pace and pitch to 10 content of the items and to mark a chanze of subject. are news anchors who endeavour to their items together regardless of their relationship; to do this imes results in monotony. The news ancher must not allow the news items 10 cause alarm of pisty for the safety of friends or relatives ef the viewers. larger rather all the news channels maintai ‘anuscript prepared by the news producers. ‘gat problem of the news broadcaster is that his program is a daily feature and in many instances fun as many as three or more times a day, rather on hourly basis as is being done presently. To be ito find material and methods of presenting material is a problem, sir own ticker service, which is used as the basis for in our electronic media mostly news produces, reporters and even anchors are formerly newspaper adio newsmen who have developed a good seuse of news vahies. Many of the news anchors have liad extensively or acted as field reporteis so that they have a background that is helpful in eenting a news bulletin in impressive and interesting manner. inbtedly the most important prerequisite for the presentation of any item t0 be telecast is that it be and that it be either signiticant or have human appeal, The television news editor considers item wil ¢ wirether it is unusual. ier the item will have mass appeal or whether . as nt item is not of national, international or stave interest the telecaster is concerned whether it deals ¢ locale within the primary sange of the tele vision station, Ifthe persons wh c‘cular importance, the item has news value. versity of Pakistan) nitro?™® profe © Copyright Viewal Usavs Reporting and.Production ~MCM 516 vw Many 1 sponsoring agencies require that theit telecast combine information wi® \hich i sion of the news telecast. interspersed between the more signfian: ems or are use the eel iin aknays beset avd shocking an hein rin Nowe os tem ad ves ey court trials with unpleasant angles, particularly of gender. social evils divorces except of famous ae personalities, crime only outstanding cases and that to mirimized. capital punishment, except that WN sree a has resulted from trials which have been in the public eye. 7 ‘omme al re discarded; it does mean that a5 f} These et ‘This does not mean that all unpleasant cases and distasteful items a = eoult of th as possible the television reporter and producer avoids being alarmist, This is the television’s whole-family audience. | nour ¢ Furthermore, in presentation of news bulletin the news preucer mast take info, condense? that ef eer of seditiog ot rat he held fr defamation libel or slander, Masphemy. moral elesas coment °F S240 ray be Ne or ea any of sch charges. The time of the day when the news OF teleca ind eles es ection and presentation of ems. Cancer, ries, false feet are ot ME TOPS ‘hsports realtime news telecast. spots afisevis ins as an inaccurate news item cannot 8H eueng Of course accuracy is essential in the reports of news bullet killed as it can be in a newspaper \ Tohow i We rar Dr Tt au » OF org © Copyright Virtual University of Pe"News Reporting and Production - MCM 516 vu | wv 1 Tv Religious | We do have couple of channels which target only a specified audience interested to know the relistows | matters, answers to their queries and for the clarification of their doubts, m1 | Pro Health : The programmes regarding health, personal hygiene, the diseases and the, reatments of dere ailments are of great public concern and channels keep the audience enlightened about these issues. Scientite igs ‘These news bulletins on news channels or even on entertainment channels are about latest discoveries. inventions, scientific research and technological advancements. iy Food au ally'also that air only the food programmes related (0p, xd tastes of different areas. |" t ‘One can watch channels nationally and internat preparation of different food items, recipes and ingredients. food travelogue an Documentary! Investigation fe ‘The documentary making is a difficult job that involves a lot of time and cost. We have few channel specified for documentaries but all the channels do have documentaries in their transmissions, There ay, also the programmes regarding the reasons of natural calamnities and different accidents occurred. 4 Youth if ‘Youth, although very: important segment of the society is vital in national progress and prosperity but, there are only few programmes for their career counseling on channels. i ‘Women y ‘These programmes on channels focus home decoration, cooking. gardening guidelines, beauty tips andj} kids upbringing. i ‘Making your news more comprehensive ‘There are some instructions followed by the correspondents and reporters of news channels and these sare equally applicable to the writer of news copy as well \ | Send some thing don’t always “transmit” or “dispatch { Calla person don't always “summon” them it Buy something don’t always “purchase” it 2 Leave some place don’t always “depart” , Act don’t always “take action” ' will not always “is going to” \ Arrest or seize not always “take into custody” Show don’t always “display” or “exhibit” Get don't always “obtain Need don’t always “require” See don’t always “witness Can not always “is able to” Help not always “aid” ot “assis Hurt not always “injured” Break not always “fracture” Build not always “construct” Meet Not always “sonvene Doctor Not always “ohysician” ‘©Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan = nitro’* >TV News Reporting and Pro — ad Pre ICM S16 There are many soure supplier mines SHerSON and origins of ate tn ee are many source, bass, supplien Ineo or TY NEW - nant, spokesperson and origins of Origins of a tetevisior EHS stop id means throng iannel gets news. Here are some my r ‘ns through which © TV’ channel gets ets news, Here are so ma sourees of newsgathering 1 Repre ‘orresy lents ‘ 2 Steg | ress releases from publ \ Handout from DGPR and PID \ irectorate General of Public Relations and Press Information De . Media contacts “nn » Opinion leaders/Politicians * Celebrities/ Players/ media ices : Media briefings * Important function, ceremeny, workshop, sem . Hospitals/social institutes My poe pee i a Police station/fire brigade i . Jails/ Courts . District offices { | . Educational institutions {Banks Stat, Scheduled, Agricul and commer] | x ‘News agencies . ‘Corporate sector i * The biggest source of news for any Which they are telecasting through everyday contact with people in the area, from there oberon they move in the society and from their informers they get news for their organization. So the ci assignment ofthe reporter to get news forthe channel he or she isatached with Reporters station is its reporing staff. The reporters live in the communit i Correspondents ‘Tey are the part time journalists wine ork forthe newspaper an are paid through lineage of the sor in different languages, translate them into Enelish a» three shifts Monitoring Monitoring offic: make a report of it. Monitors norm: nt in che language he #8 itor must be proficien y the news items to be made #1 ers listen to the transinission sally work i monitoring. Senior moni noni tof news bulletin are s toring reports and final For good monitori sorutinize the moni to the news editors. fTV News Reporting and Production ICM 5 vu os Moease revs elease OF press rease or press ie writen or recorded ies of the news media, forthe purpose of announcing something, claimed as having news valu, il, faxed, or e-mailed to the assent edfors at newspape's, magazines, radio stains, television Conference i vews conference or press conference is a media event in which ker ( 8 60 ice is u media event in which newsmaker (person who holds press ference) invites journalists to hear him speak and most often, ask questions. In a news conference, « more speakers may make a statement, which may be followed by questions from reporters. cxtimes only questioning occurs; somet -ment with no questions permitted. nnedia event at which no statements are made, and no questions allowed, is called a photo unity. A government may wish to open their proceedings for the media to witness events, such as K psing of @ piece of legislation from the goverment in piament to the senate, via media 1 Ageney ‘avs agency is an organization of journalists estebished to supply news reports to organizations in fe newspapers, magazines, and radio and television channels. They are also known as wire services or xs services, News agencies generally prepare hard news stories that can be used by other news {anizations with litle or no modification. They provide these articles in bulk, elestronically through reser ices, today, they frequently use Internet. ational News Agencies: ‘Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) Pakistan Press Association (PPA) / Pakistan Press International (PPI) United Press of Pakistan (UPP) Independent News Pakistan (INP) ‘News Network International (NI) Kashmir Press International (KPI)/ SANA (South Asian News Agency) Online News International (ON1) jernational News Agencies: Reuters (UK) ‘Agence France Presse (AFP) ‘Associated press (AP) ‘ANSA (ITALY) ‘Australian Associated Press Canadian Press China News Service ‘New China News Agency (NCNA) Iran News Agency (IRNA) ‘Wen Sources {Broadcast news comes from: ‘The local reporter's primary sources News services such as the Associated Press Media outlets, such as newspapers, radio and TV stations Press releases provided by corporations, agencies, and special interest an (gH) nitrol" . © Copyright Viral University of P| Balance t {te consis TV News Reporting and Production - MCM 510 y j ‘ements cites ai ages nesting asontin, the Associted Press (AP), opottesbureats in 120 US} Athougy {ities and in more than 130 foreign countries reaching one-third of the work's population, In adda} Yarety at to the AAP, there are also a number of smaller wire services. including these operated by_lane{ foutinely | newspapers. Internet Research ‘With billions of pages of information a in researching stories, They also consult newspaper archives, or stories that were previoush in newspapers, \ Sanita aoe sae: there are th Iniermet blogs. The writers of reputable blogs have become | flgnificant social and political force ir our society. Many of these writers are featured on mone ar inerview programs. As of late people -vorxing for the stajor news orgenizations have started rence’) | blogs to include information and commentary not features in the mainstream me ailable, reporters now rely heavily on reputable Intemet some published Computerized Newsrooms | Today, broadcast stations have computerized newsrooris and the steady stream of news from thes Services is electronically writen ont2 a computer hard disk. Using a computer terminal » neve cohen an guickly scroll through an index of sties that have been electronically stored. sane ews editing programs, such as the one illustrated below. allow you to bring up wire stores ro {Re newsroom computer (shown on the left) ané rewtite it. or copy seamente diveetly inte he co script you are writing (shown on the right). ‘Computer programs in the newsroom programs are hasie 10 ~ + Seti sey steam onto fm ie sie i | {Providing key wor search cpabiies for ite cops. Temes sources and archived stories | . Facilitating the writing of stories (note illustration above), fee | + Calling up stil store poses ot sey, + Greating and calling up CG (charactor genrcon eases o text | *_opaningthe sequen ose vien ad anes the comes newscast) on vie servers, + Providing teleprompter outs, | * Tsay earangng news sres and cael vine to aecormodate ast mite change even while the newscast is on the air, Some newsroom systems can be programmed to switch vides and audio sources to correspond Programmed cues in the teleprompter tex: Television stations affiliated with a nework and O-and-O stations (those owned and operated by cer onky receive daily afternoon and evening satelite news feeds provided by net teporters “affiliated TV stations. Since most of these stories ate not used on the netwerk nightly news, they mal 2004 regional, national, and international segments for local newscasts, Independent stations (Those not affiliated with a network) have television news services they can subscribe to -- the tar being the Cable News Network: (CNN). Whatever the source, the news feeds are recorded for review by the local TV. news producer or edit Stories selected for broadcast are normelly saved to a viceo server or assembled on videotapes x “rolled into" the local news as needed Regional, national, or even international stories can often be developed from a local perspective. 4S examples, a major event that takes place ina foreign country can elicit reactions rom local peop the same nationality; a crime wave in an adjoining county may cause local nannle to ros in a New York company may impact employees or related biisinesses in the. * © Copyright Virtual University of PakistanTVNe * Ralanee "ws Reporting and Production - MCM 516, vu | segment Associoted Press (AP). operates bureaus in 120 UE} Athoug hird of the world's population. In avin} Yaiety ined The world’s largest newsgathering association, th cities and in more than 130 foreign countr'es, renetine newspaper, UE SE also a number of smaller whe services. including ter eee ee newspapers, Internet Research Yih Billions of pages of information sas, reporers now rly heavy reputable Internet some in researching stories, They ala sonal newspaper hes or nies eh ee ae innewpepers ‘And Men, as weNe noted, there are th: Invern Dogs. The wters of reputable blog have become fignificant social and political foree ir ou society Mme of tee wee Cae ae ecome {Merve programs, As of Inte peorleversng fr the lor news organs ae er Blogs to inctude information and eommeniny not facture! in the maine ee aa Computerized Newsrooms Today, broadcast stations have compuicrized newsrooris and the steady steam of news from thes) Services is electronically written ont> a computer hard cisk. Using @ computer terminal e nee eat Gen quickly scroll through an index: of stevie that have becn electronically stored, Some news editing programs, suchas the one ilusrateé helo, allow you to bring up wire stores fe Bas Rewsroom computer (shown on the lef) and rewris it. or copy segments dieety inte the script you are writing (shown on the right), ‘Computer programs in the newsroom programs are hesic 10 — t - ‘Storing a steady stream of news copy from wire services, i {Providing key word search cspabilities for wire copy. Intemet sources, and archived stories, | + Facilitating the writing of stories (note illustration stove), | + Calling up still store pages of grehics. + Creating and calling up CG (character generctor) cages of text. \ * Programming the sequence of steries, video, and craphics (i.e, the complete newscast) on viel servers. + Providing teleprompter outputs. * Instantly rearranging news steres and recalculating times to accormodste last minute changes even while the newscast is on the air. Some newsroom systems can be programmed to switch video and audio sources to correspond programmed cues in the teleprompter tex Television stations affiliated with a network and O-and-O stations (those owned and operated by network) receive daily afternoon and evening satelite news feeds provided by network reporters & “affiliated TV stations. Since most ofthese stories are not used on the networks nightly news, they ma ‘g00d regional, national, and internaticnal segments for local newscasts Independent stations (Those not affiliated with a network) have telev being the Cable News Network (CNN). : Whatever the source, the news feeds are recorded for review by the local TV news producer or edi Stories selected for broadcast are normelly saved to a video server or assembled on videotapes * "rolled into” the local news as needed ion news services they can subscribe to -- the larg Regional, national, or even international siories can often te developed from a local perspective. ‘As examples, a major event that takes place in a foreign country can elicit reactions from local peor the same nationality; a crime wave in an adjoining county may eause Foal enn n reat or ina New York company may impact emplose related businesses in the is em ea © Copyright Virtual University of P:kistan 1 nitro’TV News Reporting and Production = MCM 516 stories: must be considered. Plus, you need ance between local, regional, national, und international ase involves a balance between ENG sonsider the important elerhent of visual varie’, which in t snents and stories that are simply read on-camera with supperting graphics. ough the anchor point for most newseasts isa TV station studio, TV audiences like the visual jay and authenticity associated with news segments done outside the studio, Newseasts are 10% tinely being anchored from foreign countries that dominate the night's news coverage: enity of Pakistan (qq) ntEro ° © Copyright Virual UnivNews Reporting and Production MEM 516, FUNCTIONS OF A REPORTER Reporters are the eyes and ears for any news chanel as they move around in ara tee ng G2y and gather the news items from various souces, They pet ‘the news stories for the preparation of different tulletine snge of beats throug! yack to the news desk and mab ‘There are following functions of a television reporter To cover the city events ‘To lead the production team To make the news reports To move into respective beats To go to press conferences To attend the media briefings To jot down the notes * To gather the news + To dig out the news + Tohave liaison with PROs To get the relevant documents To write a news i + Torewritea news + Toeditanews + Tomake the quick decisions + Toselect a newsworthy occurrences + + Toinvestigate the reasons of ar. incidents | | + Towrite down follow-up storie | + Tohave acquaintance with existing situations i +! Tohave general knowledge + Tohave time management + Tobeateam leader 1 + Tobe good at language + To follow press laws + Toabide by code of ethics To be socially responsible To avoid sensationalism +. Tohave decision power Pakistan ight Vi Iniversity of ight Virtuai U © Copyri | i‘VW News Reporting and Prodyétion - MCM S16 vu LESSON 27 F BEATS OF REPORTING riers attend the respective offices of their news charnels aid check the development in their fan beat, areas of interest and sectors before they proceed to field for the gathering of news, which imately becomes the part of a news bulletin. se reporters in general are called the staif reporters however they may be named according to their ies and beats as well. There are following beats of a television reporter. ~ . City reporter , Social reporters Crime reporter Political reporter Court reporter Health reporter j. Agricultural reporter Religious reporter Commerce reporter (, Education reporter ), show-biz reporter 3, Sports reporter 4, Women reporter , Youth reporter i Fashion reporter ‘7, District reporter “4, Special reporter ‘jg, Cultural reporter Development reporterAF TN eee produce” ESSON 7 jy addition ee u —— ically th ews DEPARTMENT | typically ers. This feet eal ‘ targe numer of eater Organi seations i te presenee CFA ia ee ite! sh raion mls OTN anvional print and iproadlcast ™ i omnsti gathering and sporting of 25 or CoN wentional _ enon fort and site a few members of 1° team serve as gatekeePers Online Assignment ting is a team effort and a " ps : seen, Other les important t i Sthere are two main sources of sarepots nde WHE SETS pic and pevate es There teature synaicatesas Well SS seat ues and redenses Fo hci mel : . cians stories tothe FepOrters and -the ity Bator isthe captain of (he ces reporingrea. HE oF se ASSETS tories ps Pe etact supervises their work: division may the parent Pr “There are two types of reporters: + Beat Reporters ‘The news fl so sarat ne tapi on regular ss, such 85 e ‘pea’ or health beat decide: HOW | entertainme «General assignment reporters \ rothem or come HP | saitors decic video files. ¥ auto accident, a SPH ehsite desi to accident, a sPe*Hvehsite desis what ever assignment is giver gto the city eit Cover Atypical day forthe general assign 2) ner might consist of covering isting poliiian anda rock core crores fran te reporters are passed 210m Dihere they are approved and se ooh copy desk for Further editing: Online news cjpeare news team, They #e red ont Olver stories 1g Bainor are also part of the M ing Baitor and the Assistant Managin TRaponstbe forthe overal daily prepara ‘of news bulletins responeeaitor can decide not to cover tery 12 er rlace or not to run a story even if the event purbut soqne covered riginal repot Se eporter has wide latitude of june! "00%" what he or she chooses to include in the story. Tre report pator can change the st 25 eae a eg Managing Editor has the power to emphasi needs of the day the story to fit the organization of a newspaper news F901” Managing editor City editor Wire editor City editor Photographers Reporters Beat reporters General assignment reporters are simile* to those for the news paper. Special Wi sys for the broadest media id local reporters: ‘al reporters are assigned to cover nearby events The sources of ne' levision and radio stations an Services cater to tel Servies cn. broadcast and fclectst news 00 ay 3 rooms subscribe to SY aliated with a network have access the a dicated: News Services or G@ along different Fines from its print counterpart. ; ‘The telecast newsroom is organize 5 atthe Loca Stations, News Directors in-chay 2: of overall new =e nege Stations, mast News Directors spend the es sas ae ime on adm budgets, equipment and soo”. © Copyright Virtual University of Pakist 'y of Pakistanoe ary set OP i any diffe a jons employ ople sadn Sfing srangements in Television stations: coms 5 se fave fed int 7 na loyees and only a few enna different departments: FUNCTI ON: iS OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF There are mi 300-400 pei 20-30 empl Normal 4 1 ly General Mai 2 , sible for al inager is the head of a television station, ‘the person ultimately tT twertise station activiti ies, 5 s. The Sales department is responsible for selling, time to local ‘and nation scheduli 7 ing advertisements, sending bills to customers. : Maintaining 7 sroduction all the equipment is the responsibility of Engineerins Department. veamnmniné Department puts together locall : rations fanetion i locally produced programming. At many st pais alent ye eduction department, Those involved jn programmint ss should be telecast and at what time they should be presented. and writers respons ral Manager in T oa Department includes the news dest anchorpersons, reporters ‘sation’s newscast. The Administrative Departs! supports the Genet station. ‘At the network level the divisions are somewhat more complicated. Although the major networs differ in their setups, all seem to have departments hat perform the following function «Sales: handles sales of network commercials nd works with advertising agen : Entertainment: works with the producers '0 develop new programs for the networks = Owned and operated stations: administers those station owned by the networks «Affiliated Relations: A very importa jh in the new century it supervises all ceoniracts wi vations affliated with the network nd generally tris 1 Keep the affiliates happy “ews: responsible forall network news and public affairs programmes. . Sports: responsible for all sports programming. standards: checks all network programme !° make sure they do not violate the taw or * erworks own guidelines for ‘appropriate content | perations handles the echnical aspects of actually sending programmes to affiliates. Infrastructure oF organizational et ap and Working of 9 TV dean apy television organization te Tranage the affairs thee is a Board of Management oF Board For ors of Board of Director. The ef ef Executive or Chairman or Managing Director approved Gonsoard isthe Administrative srt Executive Head of the Corporation. oman Resources or Administration & Personnel Department Hama rer is esponsble fer Ferman and implementation of administrative poli This oe Department consist of "40 <0 ‘Adininistration section” and 2 Admin et Deer eetor wheres a cartes Exceutve Administration lng renee! Set 1 heads it over all Programmes Department er tone veal University of Pakistan a a 4 nitre?? ®tiploy have for all ‘tisers, action ning » what ale for hg the Works s with ard of ved by nin & * The t -MCM 516 orting and Production — rogrammes like dramas, Ta ‘The Director Programmes pa in charge. grammes Department is responsible for making P gous programmes an miscellaneous program: whereas Executive Programmes Manager is the perso” News Department san and Telecast through news bulletins, is department is responsible for news gaterin, production 200 gg, partment is headed by Director News and Senior News Editor is the errent Affairs Department news channel. A Dire rent Affairs related programmes are a regular feature of I This departmen i ral leader. ‘ Curent Affairs heads it and at small stations Head of Current Affairs 18 ae rea panne! i contbut transraission of @ Sports Department ecto § S i ee Director Sports an Sports Department is to provide sports enteitainment to viewers and is he ional / National ete are Sports Producers at dilferent centers as well. Apart froin occas ea ports coverage TV channels also televise live national and international sports around t " loternational Relations Department ae [te major responsibility of this Departmen is to promote ‘riendly relations with international SelWorks/Organizations to enhance knowledge in the field of electronic media. It also participates in the niemational Television Festivals/Coripetitions held in different countries by sending best programmes. ‘Cogineering Department ihe Eneneering Department takes care of the day’ 0 day operaticns and maintenance of a TV network ad Rebroadcast Stations, new projects, Plairing S: Procurzment, as well as research and Development [otivities. At national level Direcior Engineeri gis the while at centers Executive Engineering Manager Jay be the in charge. ivaining Courses > [Such courses impart professional tvairing i various dist of television broadcast technology, It na} be headed by a full time Direcior, and is’ assisted by a 2am of television professionals who are {embers of the academic taculty. { |arketng {ihe Marketing Department of TV network is responsible tor marketing the programmes and the Joommercial ime on its seen. Its the major souree of any TV network earings. It 1s headed by ibirector Marketing at large stations and by General Managers at the small stations. Advertisers can jbvck commercial spots in the commercial breaks provided between programmes and can also sponsor mes shown on aT network lutormation Technology Information Technology Ocpartment is sponsible te deal the IT up-gradation and solutions to ‘ring improvement on screen and ensure now stop programming, tis headed by Controller at large sitions and IT in charges small stations, “Fiuanee Department Department is headed by Direstor | vance large stations and by Executive nall stations. It has to record all business iransaetions accarding 10 the prevail | seounting prineiples. Manager Finance at ig tax laws and Sub-Depariments © Copyright Virtual Univecsity of Pakistan it WD nitro” ofecc5SEE 0 yu TV News Reporting and Production —MCM 5]6 __ Programmes Deparime « TyeBeparment deals with the production of programm =: | Camera Department . i saya sub department of programms production Department I is he ded by chief camer ‘| Supported by cameramen, Fight men stl photographer Design Department This a is res \ and outdoors ¢ a various a TV network programmes. mis of designe other support staff and studio hands. | t ‘ B ponsible for set designing and headed by the Design Manager and consist Make-up en aoinse a sub section of programmes department & deals with the make-over & get ups of the #210 according to nature of the programme Presentation Section ‘This section comes under programmes dey 5 the Scheduling & broadcast of programmes) advertisements, ypartment. & handle