‘A famous mathematician called Leonardo Pisano was born around. 1170, in Pisa in Italy. Later, he was known as Fibonacci. Fibonacci wrote several books. In ‘one of them, he included a number pattern that he discovered in 1202. ‘The number pattern was named 112358 13 2134... Camyou see To find the next nttmbe*i# the pattern, you add the previous. numbers. So 1e1=2 Fibonacci 1170-1250). 14253 24325 345=8 5+8=13andsoon, ‘The numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are called the Fibonacci numbers. ‘The Fibonacci numbers often appear in nature. For example, the numbers of petals on flowers are often Fibonacci numbers. Key words Make sure you learn and understand these key words: sequence term consecutive terms term-to-term rule infinite sequence finite sequence function function machine input output mapping diagram map unknown equation solution expression variable formula (formulae) substitute derive ‘The numbers of spirals in seed heads or pinecones are often Fibonacci numbers, as well.2.1 Generating sequences (1) 8,6, s perm A @ou,--- 3,6, 9, 12, 15, ... is a sequence of numbers. Each number in the sequence is called ¢ferm. Yhe first term is 3, the second term is 6 and so on. ‘Terms that follow each other are called COWSECutive terms. 3 and 6 are consecutive terms, 6 and i \s and so On. Fath term is 3 more than the term. a sequence show th; ce continugs for ever. A sequence that quence. {8,691 | de b Saqpareg + Ta sequence dfsnt have tH three dots the end, then i doesn't continut for ever. This type of sequence is ¢ - = 5.67, 10 ey Pik Senet a Term-to-term rule is: ‘Add 4° You can see that the terms are going up by 4 every time as 244=6.644=10 and 10+ 4 = 14. Next two terms are 18 and 22. You keep adding 4 to find the next two terms: 14 + 4 = 18 and 18 + 4 = 22. b First three terms are 5, 11, 23. Write down the first term, which is 5, then use the term-to-term rule to work out the second and third terms, Second term = 2x 5 +1= 11, third tem = 1x241=23. SB, S240 Fi, yee, 22d 55,231 For each of these infinite sequences, write down: i the term-to-term rule ii the next two terms. a 24,68, di 3,8,13,18, )Write down the first three terms of each of these sequences, b 1,4,7,10,..5.. © 5,9,13,17, © 30,28, 26, 24, ..., f 17,14,11,8,-.., i) aki L) Ye. b) \.4,1,10 %) Adel 2 *) 10,1t3 equences and mis oe ae it wok 17,1 TAS 4 ¢ 26,23,88 3 90, 82°F, 66,T850, e eo thelhe CE 23, Bis 4 Write down w! of these Sequences is finite a 4,6,8,10,... ¥ b 3,5, 7,9, 11, 13,15 - € 85,75,65,55,48035 a 100,97,94,01, 88, pm 5 Copy this table, Farle: Draw a line connecting the sequence on the left with the first term in the middle, then with the term-to-term rule on the right. The first one has been done for you.term-to-term rule on the right. The first one has been done for you. Shen and Zalika are looking at this number sequence: a 4) 5, (01 Is either of them correct? Explain your answer. Y B)% snememttmspurnuen A The term-to-term rule is: Multiply by 2 then subtract 3.’ What is the first termvof the sequence? 27-3 2B € tint tem we ae = Q 7 Ryker is trying to solve this problem. ‘Work our the answer to the problem, Explain how you solved it. \G® The third term of a sequence ix 48. 8 Arabella is trying to solve this problem, The term-to-term rule is: Subtract 2 Work out the answer to the problem, then multiply by 3.’ Explain how you solved it. What iv the first term of the sequence? — ————__——__— “2 )%3 a 8,4 paws FS 3542 ae et A Sf g-2+6 \g-2e Uh AG (bn 5-88- \2.2 Generating sequences (2) 2.2 Generating sequences (2) Here is a pattern of shapes made from dots. ‘The numbers of dots used to make each pattern form the sequence 3, 5,7, ...s-« You can see that, as you go from one pattern to the next, one extra dot is being added to each end of the shape. So, each pattern has two more dots than the pattern before. The term-to-term rule is ‘add 2° “The next pattern in the sequence has 9 dots because 742=9, *ININININ ea = cil kaa Sioa triangle added to the end. Write down the number of matchsticks for each pattern. Each term is 3 more than the previous term. Describe in words how the pattem grows from one term to the next.1. This pattern is made from dots. Pattern Pri the next two patterns in the sequence. b Write down the sequence of numbers of dots. © Write down the term-to-term rule. d_ Explain how the sequence is formed. adzlne % ducts 2. This pattern is made from squares. Pattern | Pattern 2 Pattern 3 ‘a Draw the next two patterns in the sequence. b Copy and complete the table to show the number of squares in each pattern. a i ste te Taetr © Write down the term-to-term rule. 3 d How many squares will there be in: Cm, Hi Pattern 102 ee3. This pattern is made from blue triangles. Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 a Draw the next two patterns in the sequence. Copy and complete the table to show the number - EXE PESOS of blue triangles in each pattern € Write down the term-to-term rule. Peel b- at se rattern 1088 ii Pattern d- How many blue triangles will there be in: i Pa ‘15? she by (Opty Wy 38-126) Boy 34H 9 KKKXEK AEKKXEKER ue oUw mnany DIME WANES Wik MIELE BEM raUEL LY raul Lo @D 4, Jacob is using dots to draw a sequence of patterns. He has spilled tomato sauce over the first and third patterns in his sequence. pater} Pattern? Pattern 3 Pattern 4 Draw the first and the third patterns of Jacob’s sequence. yy b How many dots will there ° be in Pattern 7? 6 @& =... ooo €) wk 8 e oo Scooe a oeQ 5 Harsha and Jake are looking at this sequence of patterns made from squares, Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4 saquare® squares“ o squares 11 aquares By Ay te Bl VT Wi | think there are 43 squares in Patter 20 because, if sfultiply the pattem number by 2 and add 3, | always get the number of squares. 20» 2+ 3 = 43. think there are 22 squares in Pattern 20 because the pattern is going up by 2 each time, and 20 + 2 ~ 22. ‘Who is correct? Explain your answer. Go» 2820 +4 Ce or 6 RAL9 Jur oy 2.3 Representing simple functions Myint Cee a relationship between two sets of pumbers. unctidh can be shown as a function machine like this. «3 This function machine [meer arc any TA ert os . | i t yee “The numbers that you put into the function machine are called the input. ° ay! “ ‘The numbers that you get out of the function machine are called the output. A function can also be shown as a mapping diagram like this. Input 0.123456 78910 We say that 2 maps to 5, ‘4 maps to 7 and 5 maps to 8. Oupur0 123455678910 @ Input Output To work out the outputs, multiply the inputs by 2. _ _ 1x2=2,3%2=6 ia FA To work out the input, work backwards and divide the 5 i 0 ‘output by 2. +225 b Input 012345678 910 Output 012345678910 Copy these function machines and work out the missing inputs and outputs, Grew GY owBron cage Eipw og Dinos ayy iDeF ge! a7 Fe gas