Lerios, Janine Kyla G.

Evidence Based Practice - Midterms

BSN 3-YB-11 NCMB 316 LEC

“Carbon Nanomaterials: A growing tool for the diagnosis and treatment of Diabetes
Mellitus”
Han Jiang, Changlei Xia, Junqing Lin, Hakim AL. Garalleh, Amr Alalawi, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115250

A chronic medical illness called diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, affects how your body consumes
glucose, a form of sugar that serves as the body's primary fuel source. Your body converts carbohydrates into
glucose during a typical meal, which subsequently enters your bloodstream. The pancreas produces the
hormone insulin, which aids in the body's absorption of glucose and the use of that substance as cellular fuel.
Diabetes can be identified by either inadequate pancreatic insulin production, improper insulin sensitivity of
body cells, or both. High blood glucose levels are the outcome, and over time, they can harm organs, blood
vessels, neurons, and other health issues. Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes are the three
primary kinds of disease. The causes, risk factors, and treatments vary depending on the type.

Insulin does not function as it should on the target tissues as a result of flaws and anomalies in the production of
lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Long-term, effective treatment for diabetes mellitus is required as the
condition worsens. Patients with diabetes mellitus can receive treatment using a variety of nanomaterials.
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are a different class of nanoparticles that have the potential as imaging,
diagnostic, and therapeutic tools for diabetes mellitus. If a patient has diabetes, the CNMs act as implantable
nanosensors to measure and monitor the patient's blood glucose levels. Possible drug carriers that can treat
diabetes mellitus effectively, accurately, and selectively are CNMS. Because of their structural specificity and
higher drug-loading effectiveness, CNMs can be used to both detect and treat diabetes mellitus. The kinds,
synthesis, and anti-diabetic properties of CNMs are covered in this review. For possible toxicity, carbon
nanoparticles should be properly watched. Exposure to CNMs has been associated with the production of
inflammation, a sophisticated immune response to pathogens, harmed cells, or other irritants. Persistent
inflammation has the potential to damage tissues and impairs the organism's ability to maintain homeostasis.
Inflammation is brought on by soluble substances and cells in response to toxins, infections, trauma, ischemia,
and other wounds (Bhattacharya et al., 2013). Major diseases and infections can be effectively treated with
nanotechnology. Carbon nanoparticles are among the most effective metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles for
use in bio imaging, medication delivery, and sensing. CNMs are showing promise as a treatment for diabetic
mellitus. Insulin and FDA-approved medications in conjunction with carbon Nano formulation promote
pulmonary drug delivery. CNMs have been reported to be hazardous in some situations when used in
experimental models and settings.

The use of nanotechnology to fight serious illnesses and infections is effective. Carbon nanoparticles are
effective for use in bio imaging, drug administration, and sensors among the various metallic and non-metallic
nanoparticles. CNMs are becoming a viable option for treating diabetes mellitus. Insulin and FDA-approved
medications in conjunction with carbon Nano formulation promote pulmonary drug delivery. CNMs have been
reported to be hazardous in some situations when used in in vivo models and settings. Yet, increasing the
functional groups and polymers in the CNMs can enhance target selectivity and lessen toxicity. The review
provides information about the possible use of CNMs-based diabetes therapy for creating sensitive glucose
detectors and other tools that can be used as sensors. Moreover, combining CNMs with insulin will offer an
approach for both glucose detection and insulin delivery.

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