NUR 102: Nutrition and Diet Therapy-

(Laboratory)
STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING / SECOND YEAR
Session # 8

LESSON TITLE: FAT- AND WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS Materials:

Book, pen, notebook, and
LEARNING OUTCOMES: PowerPoint presentation
Upon completion of this lesson, the nursing student can:
References:
1. Identify the importance of the different fat-and soluble Laboratory Manual for Allied Health: Maria
vitamins to the body; Lourdes Cruz-Caudal (2019) Basic Nutrition and
2. Prepare meals for people with vitamin deficiency; Diet Therapy 2nd C&E Publishing, Inc.
3. Evaluate meals for people with vitamin deficiency; and
4. Apply the principles of diet modification. https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/rm-quiz-fats
-and-oils

https://ritual.com/articles/1-what-vitamins-are-wat
er-soluble

LESSON PREVIEW/ REVIEW (10 minutes)

Write T if the statement is true and F if it’s false and explain your answer.
1. Lettuce contains fat, but the amount is almost negligible. One cup has .06 g fat, making it fat-free, according to
labeling laws.
Answer: _____
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2. Oils are healthier than butter and margarine.

Answer: _____
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3. Light olive oil has fewer calories than extra virgin olive oil.
Answer: _____
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4. How much fat you eat is more important than the kind of fat.
Answer: _____
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(You can do this activity as an oral recitation during the face to face interaction.)

MAIN LESSON (40 minutes)

Refer to Laboratory Manual p. 19-26

VITAMINS
Essential, non-caloric, organic nutrients needed in tiny amounts in the diet to perform specific functions that promote
growth, reproduction, and the maintenance of health and life.

Classification of Vitamins

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 ∙ Water soluble vitamins- dissolve or disperse in water.
∙ Fat soluble vitamins- dissolve in fatty tissues or substances.

The Difference Between Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Vitamins

∙ Multivitamins can be a great way to help fill gaps in your diet and support different functions in the body. But for
many, how those vitamins are absorbed and metabolized is a bit of a question mark.
∙ The way your body absorbs different vitamins plays a large role in both efficacy and safety, which is why it can be
really helpful to understand the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.

So what, exactly, is the difference? Let’s talk about how water-soluble vitamins absorb into the body compared with fat
soluble vitamins, which vitamins are water-soluble vs. fat-soluble, and what’s worth knowing about each category.

Water-soluble vitamins
As the name suggests, a water-soluble vitamin is one that dissolves in water—and as a result, is easily absorbed into the
tissues of the body and metabolized more quickly than fat-soluble vitamins.
The majority of vitamins, including the B vitamin complex and Vitamin C, are water-soluble
(1): ∙ Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
∙ Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
∙ Vitamin B3 (niacin)
∙ Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
∙ Vitamin B6
∙ Vitamin B7 (biotin)
∙ Vitamin B9 (folate)
∙ Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
∙ Vitamin C
Any excess of water-soluble vitamins, like the Vitamin B complex or Vitamin C, are excreted through the urination
process. Many B vitamins and Vitamin C can be found in vegetables (like leafy greens and other green vegetables) and
fruits (like citrus fruits).

Fat-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in—you guessed it—fat. These vitamins are absorbed by fat globules within the body and
then carried throughout the bloodstream. There are four fat-soluble vitamins, which include: ADEK
∙ Vitamin A
∙ Vitamin D
∙ Vitamin E
∙ Vitamin K

Fat-soluble vitamins are found in high-fat food sources like egg yolks, liver, beef, fatty fish, and dairy products. Unlike
water-soluble vitamins, any excess of fat-soluble vitamins don’t immediately leave the body. Instead, they’re stored in the
liver or fatty tissue for later use (2). (https://ritual.com/articles/1-what-vitamins-are-water-soluble)

Considerations for water-soluble vitamins vs. fat-soluble vitamins

The main difference between water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins is how they’re absorbed into and
act within the body—but there are other considerations to keep in mind for all vitamin types.

One major benefit to water-soluble vitamins?

The chance they’ll build up within the body is highly unlikely, even at large amounts; any excess exits the body
when you pee. This also means that because water-soluble vitamins are either used or excreted so quickly, if you want

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 to reap the health rewards associated with water-soluble vitamins, you’ll need to consistently get them into your system
through nutrient-dense foods and supplements that help fill the gaps in your diet.
Fat-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, don’t immediately leave the body—and, instead, are stored in the liver and
fatty tissue. Because these vitamins are stored in the body, excess is more likely—and that’s not necessarily a good
thing. That’s why it’s important to stick within the recommended guidelines.

Our Multivitamins
Your body needs both water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins to function at its highest level.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (20 minutes)

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given
to the correct answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in your
answer/ratio is not allowed. You are given 20 minutes for this activity:

Multiple Choice

1. Which is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?

a. Vitamin C c. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin E d. Vitamin D
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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2. What food contain calcium?

a. Oranges c. Yogurt
b. Chicken d. Iceberg lettuce
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Vitamin D can be obtained from _______________.

a. Carrots c. Wholegrain food
b. Cereal d. Sunlight
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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4. Anemia is caused by a lack of what mineral?

a. Folate c. Iron
b. Calcium d. Sodium
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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5. ________ is needed to form and maintain healthy skin and for growth and development of our body.

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 a. Vitamin D c. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin K d. Vitamin E

ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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6. When our body is low in or missing an essential nutrient this is called a

a. deficiency c. devise
b. without d. deficit
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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7. This helps your immune system, and the ability to heal

a. Vitamin D c. protein
b. calcium d. Vitamin C
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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8. What is the main reason for eating a wide variety of foods? 

a. to learn the food label c. to provide all the nutrients you need 
b. to keep from getting bored with your diet  d. to help improve physical fitness 
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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9. Which nutrient helps control body functions such as digestion, metabolism, and wound healing?
a. Vitamins c. Minerals
b. Water d. Vegetables
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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10. Which of the following is an excellent source of vitamin C?

a. orange juice c. milk
b. bread d. hamburger
ANSWER: ________

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RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students. You can now ask questions and debate among
yourselves. Write the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.
1. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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2. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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3. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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4. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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5. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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6. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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7. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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8. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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9. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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10. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________
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LESSON WRAP-UP (15 minutes)

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Teacher directs the student to mark (encircle) their place in the work tracker which is simply a visual to help
students track how much work they have accomplished and how much work there is left to do. This tracker will
be part of the student activity sheet.

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

AL Activity: Questions for Discussion

A. Let the students from group 1 and 2 discuss the following and write the answers in their Lab Manual, Table
3-2, pg. 21. The class is allowed to give feedbacks or additional information if needed.
1. Vitamins-related diseases
2. Symptoms
3. Causes
4. Prevalence
5. Dietary changes
B. Let the students from group 3 and 4 discuss the following and write the answers in their Lab Manual, Table
3-4, pg. 23. The class is allowed to give feedbacks or additional information if needed.
1. Vitamin-and mineral-related diseases
2. Symptoms
3. Causes
4. Prevalence
5. Dietary changes

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