Bebop

intellectual, complex, avant garde, abstrat, unpredictable, difficult rhythm patterns, fast,
other packaging, no singers, acquired taste, ethnic aspect

Scott Deveaux - birth of bebop (1997) - social & musical history

1943 - swing orch under pressure - war time(Draft)- visible racism , shortage of
resources (rubber)& money, cabaret & entertainment tax, travel exp

Bandleaderitis, cliche, crooners, R&B, technology,, wartime demanded sweet

comforting music of crooners, new gen not swing but R&B(Jerry Wexler)

broadcasting ban(41) - conflict b/w ASCAP(gershwin, porter, rodgers, hart, berlin) - 5 yr

contracts & BMI( at least 5 sucessfull compositions),even ad libs not allowed,    radio
n/w pay ASCAP for broadcasting rights, 1940 - ASCAP 2x tariff (4x from 1931), n/w’s -
BMI (tariffs, ASCAP exclusivity, 1 jan 1941 - no ASCAP music on radio ( main repertoire
of swing bands)

recording ban(42-44) - Am fed musicians - james petrillo - lived music replace by

canned music, AFM demand royalty, record companies refuse royalty (colombia, victor,
Decca) - 1 aug 1942 - AFM musicians stop working - exception - victory discs - for
soldiers, singers continued rec, jerry newman made some recordings eg. Keruac -
exactly like you - 1941 @minton’s, live at the roost

Jam session -

ltd. rep. (rhythm, blues, standards), form(piano intro, solos, formula endings, lineups -
horn, rhythm sec, unpaid (against union rules) competitive, hierarchy, modulations, odd
keys, fast tempo, pure undiluted jazz

escape & relax, artistic dev, visibility & level, chops, cutting contests

small ens, diff sound - light vibrato, cleaner sound, improv, virtuosity - fast, complex
melody & harmony(substitution, alteration, extd chords, drums more free - ride - accent
on snare & bass, diff phrasing - accent on 2nd 8th’s , ghost notes, diff lines - 8th notes
bebop ending, double time, contrafacts eg parker - ko-ko

harlem - minton’s playhouse - monk, Charlie Christian, kenny clarke, monroes’s uptown
house, small’s paradise, rhythm club

52nd street - famous door, 2 deuces, kelly’s stable, onyx club, club downbeat, yatcht
club