MAPEH REVIEWER
1ST QUARTER
MUSIC
● MUSICAL ELEMENTS IN THE
TWENTIETH CENTURY
IMPRESSIONISM AND DEBUSSY
> Impressionism:
- Borrowed from visual arts, painting.
- Music with impressionistic style is
programmatic. Describes emotions
based on what the composer sees
and demonstrates vague-sounding
scales.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
IMPRESSIONISTIC STYLE
● Free rhythms, less use of regular
rhythms
● Wide intervals and extreme registers
like in piano music
● Open chords having fifths and
octaves but without hands
● Whole-tone mode uses a scale
having six whole steps to the octave
● Parallelism of 2 or more melodies
moving simultaneously in the same
direction and by the same intervals
CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)
- Born in France on August 22, 1862
- Gained knowledge of music of the
Russian composers Tchaikovsky,
Borodin, and Mussorgsky.
- Graduated at the conservatory in
1884
COMPOSITIONS OF DEBUSSY
A. Orchestral works
- La Mer (The Sea) - Nocturnes
B. Piano Compositions
- Petite Suite - Children’s corner
- Suite Bergamasque - including Clair
de Lune
- Estampes - Images
EXPRESSIONISM AND SCHOENBERG
> Expressionism:
- Also borrowed from visual arts
- Emphasizes intense and subjective
emotions rather than portraying the outward
appearances
- Abandoned traditional beauty but employed
distracted images and irritating effects of
colors
- About the agony of the poor and the
oppressed or the horrible killings of war
● Identified w/ Expressionism: Arnold
Schoenberg (Pierrot Lunaire, Op.21
(1912) and a survivor from warsaw,
Op.46), Alban Berg (Wozzeck and
Lulu), and Arnold Webern (Five
pieces for Orchestra, Op.10)
EXPRESSIONISM TECHNIQUES
1. Atonality: use tones from outside the
underlying major or minor key.
2. Twelve-tone system: serial
manipulation of the twelve chromatic
pitches.(C,C#/D♭,D,D#,F,F#/G♭,
G#/A♭,A,A#/B♭, and B)
3. Multiple Serialization: serialization of
the rhythm
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)
- Born in France in Austria in 1874
- Was self taught
- Learned to play cello and violin at an early
age
- Age 16, he had to take a job as bank clerk
when his father died
- Wrote a string sextet Verklarte Nacht
(Transfigured night), Op. 46 in 1899. (first
masterpiece)
- Also wrote huge cantata, Gurrelieder
(Songs of Gurre) from 1901 to 1910
- 1904, taught music theory to Alban Berg
and Anton Berg
COMPOSITIONS OF SCHOENBERG
- Pierrot Lunaire, Op. 21 (Moonstruck Pierrot,
1912): twelve tone method
- A survivor from warsaw, Op. 46
(1947):sprechstimme
- The Violin concerto, Op. 36 and Piano Concerto,
Op. 42: twelve tone method
MUSIC
MAPEH REVIEWER
1ST QUARTER
● MUSICAL ELEMENTS IN THE
TWENTIETH CENTURY
ELECTRONIC MUSIC
- Started from musique concrete
EDGARD VARESE (1883-1965)
- Father of electronic music
- Born in France in December 22, 1883
- According to him, music is just an
organized collection of noises in a
pleasant way
COMPOSITIONS OF VARESE
1. Large orchestral works
- Ameriques
- Arcana
2. Voice and Instruments
- Un grand sommeil noir - for voice and piano
- Offrandes - soprano and chamber orchestra
- Equatorial - bass voice, brass, organ,
percussion, theremin
- Etude pour Espace - solo soprano, chorus,
piano, percussion
3. Electronic tape
- Deserts- wind, percussion, electronic tape
- Le procession de verges- soundtrack
- Poeme electronique
CHANCE MUSIC
- One of the most radical trends of the
twentieth century.
- Some aspects should be left to chance
5 CATEGORIES
1. Composer determinacy of randomly chosen
event: random generator
2. Composer determinacy of randomly ordered
event: flip a coin or roll the dice
3. Use of a intermittent notations: graphics or
notations in the piece allow the performer to
be flexible
4. Music notated traditionally but performed
indeterminately: performer rearranges the
sequence of a traditionally notated music
5. Pure performer indeterminacy: uses
improvisation
JOHN CAGE (1912-1992)
- Most important figure of chance music
- Received music instruction from Henry
Cowell (1933) and Arnold Schoenberg
(1933-1935)
- Started composing chance music in 1951
COMPOSITIONS OF VARESE
- Music of changes (1951) - 43 min piano
piece, coin tosses
- Imaginary landscapes No. 4 (1951) - piece
that contains exact directions for 24
performers
- 4’33” - listeners should concentrate on
unintentional sounds within 4 mins and 33
secs
ARTS
● MODERN ART
- Made around 1870’s to 1970’s
- Gallery system was also developed
- Collapsible tin paint tubes by John
Rand in 1841
- Realist painters were also catalysts
to the rise of modernism (Gustave
Courbet, Jean-Francois Millet)
IMPRESSIONISM (1867-1886)
- Came from Louis Leroy when he asw
Claude Monet’s Impressioon
- First impressionists were a grp of
french artists
CLAUDE MONET
- Founder and most productive
practitioner of the french
impressionists movement
- Born in November 14, 1840
- Died in December 5, 1926 due to
lung cancer
- Believed that art should be expressed
the fleeing moments and quality of
nature
- Work: Impression, Sunrise (1872)
POST IMPRESSIONISM (1880-1905)
- Phase in modern art where artist felt
the need to go beyond imitative style
- Started in France and progressed to
the different parts of Europe
MAPEH REVIEWER
1ST QUARTER
Vincent van Gogh
- Dutch artist
- Pioneer of expressionism
- Used impasto technique
EXPRESSIONISM (1890 - present)
- Characterized as a deeply personal
style in art
- Communicates personal feelings
about the subject
- Sometimes distorted or replaced with
imagery
- Artworks that were expressive and
subjective
- Work: The scream (1893) Edvard
Munch (1861-1944)
CUBISM (1907-1922)
- Style of painting developed by Pablo
Picasso (1881-1973) a spanish artist
Georges Braque (1882-1963) a french artist
in Paris in 1907
- Inspired by geometric style and composition
of Paul Cezanne
- Style that broke the traditional ideas of art
DADAISM (1916-1924)
- Anti art movement that started in 1916 in
Zurich, Switzerland
- Reaction to the first world war
- “Dada” was chosen randomly from a
German-French dictionary by poet Richard
Hulsenbeck
- Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) made the
earliest ex of dada art the sculpture,
Fountain (1917) which is an uninstalled
urinal
SURREALISM (1924-1966)
- Started by writer, poet, and dadaist Andre
Breton (1896-1966)
- Started as a literary movement, adopted to
visual arts
- Influenced by the works of psychologist,
Sigmund Freud
- Stated that dreams were people’s
subconscious way of dealing with personal
issues and realities
- One of the most popular Surrealist artist:
Salvador Dali (1904-1989) a spanish artist
that is known for his careful attention to
detail and use of Freudian dream
symbolisms in his artwork
- The persistence of memory (1931)
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM (1947-1965)
- Movement that developed in New york,
USA
- “Nonrepresentative” paintings
- To describe the works of the German
expressionist and later applied to american
art movement
- 2 styles, action painting (paint is splashed,
dripped or spilled onto the canvas) Jackson
Pollock or “Jack the dripper” (1912-1956)
practices this style. Color-field painting
(more passive, uses flat areas or fields of
color) Mark Rothko (1903-1970)
OPTICAL ART (1964- present)
- Coined by time magazine
- Example of kinetic art
- Achieved by the use of geometric designs
- Bridget Riley (1931-present) a british artist
known for her artworks to produce dizziness
● POSTMODERNISM AND
CONTEMPORARY ART
POSTMODERNISM
- A reaction against modernism
- Covers a wide array of art that was made in
the 1970’s and beyond
- Was brought by the disillusionment and
brutality of world war 2
CONTEMPORARY ART
- Started in 1960s
- Added some new art movements such as
pop art
DIFFERENCE OF POSTMODERNISM TO
CONTEMPORARY ARTS?
MAPEH REVIEWER
1ST QUARTER

Postmodernism is a style and attitude that started

in the 1970s and it has a fixed length. While > Health-Related Fitness
contemporary art refers to artworks made within
the 5-yr period until the present 1. Body composition is the relative
- Exists in the same time frame percentage of body fat compared to lean
body mass Compute for your BMI (Body
POP ART (1955-1970)
Mass Index).
- Started in United kingdom (mid-1950s) and
in United states (1950s)
- Coined by a british curator Lawrence BMI= Body Mass (in kilograms) ÷
Height (in meter^2)
Alloway to label and art movement that
began to emerge in New york and London Below 18.5 = Underweight
that uses images from popular culture or 18.5-24.9 = Normal
products 25.0-29.9 = Overweight
- Campbell soup cans of Andy Wahol (1928- 30.0-Above = Obese
1987)
HAPPENING (1960s-present) 2. Muscular strength is the amount of
force that a person can produce in a single
- An avant-grade art form first developed in
muscle.
dada movement
- Events where artists come together and
3. Muscular endurance is the capacity of a
presented spontaneous performances
group of muscles to contract over a long
- Was first used by Allan Kaprow (1927-2006)
period of time.
- His first happening in an art gallery in new
york in 1959 “Admission piece: 18
Example tests:
Happenings in 6 Paris
a. Partial curl-ups
PERFORMANCE ART (early 1960s-present) b. Push-ups
- An art form where artists use themselves or c. Trunk lift
their actions to express their art.
- Often overly theatrical 4. Cardiovascular endurance is the
capacity of the heart to effectively pump to
INSTALLATION ART (1960s-present)
meet the demands of exercise.
- A contemporary art that involves the
arrangement of objects in a space Test: 1-kilometer run/walk
GRAFFITI ART (1970-present)
- Also known as street art
- One of the most controversial
- Some consider this as vandalism

● PHYSICAL EDUCATION 5. Flexibility is the capacity of the heart to

- Regular involvement in physical actvities, effectively pump to meet the demands of
group exercises, and sports are necessary exercise.
in sustaining a healthy lifestyle.
Test: Sit-and-Reach
- Physical fitness is a set of attributes that
people have or need to achieve so that they > Skill-Related Fitness
can effectively perform physical activities.
MAPEH REVIEWER
1ST QUARTER
1. Speed is the capacity of the body to
cover or move in a certain distance for a
short period of time.
Test: 40-meter sprint
2. Agility is the capacity to control body
movements and shift direction quickly from
one place to another.
Test: Hexagon agility test
3. Balance is the capacity to maintain
equilibrium even when moving.
Test: Stork stand test
4. Coordination is the capacity of the body
to use all the senses and its parts together
to produce and execute smooth movements
efficiently.
Test: Paper juggling
5. Power is the capacity to transfer force at
a rapid pace. This is the product of strength
and speed.
Test: Standing Long Jump
6. Reaction time is the capacity to respond
quickly to stimulus
Test: Stick drop test
● PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Obesity
This is the excessive fat of a person gained from
food or inactive lifestyle. If a child is still obese at
the age of 13, there is an 80% chance of staying
obese in their adult life.
1. Exercise daily. Follow the Frequency,
Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT) Principle.
2. Avoid overeating. Overeating is not a
good habit.
3.Reduce passive pastimes. Watching
television and playing computer games may
lead to obesity.
The Don'ts of Eating
Fitness and exercises are equally important.
1. Skipping breakfast.
Breakfast is the most important meal of the
day.
2. Weight targets. Setting specific weight
targets will put pressure and stress to a
person.
3. Not eating fruits and vegetables. A
person who refuses to eat fruits and
vegetables is prone to sickness.
4. Night, social, and emotional eating.
Unplanned eating must be avoided to
prevent unhealthy weight gain.
The leading global cause of death and
major disabilities are heart diseases.
The following should be practiced:
1. Adopt a healthy lifestyle.
2. Have a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and
whole grains to protect the heart.
3. Practice regular physical involvement.
4. Stay happy and avoid life stressors.
Classification of Sports
A. Individual Sports
MAPEH REVIEWER
1ST QUARTER

2. Ready position The weight is on the

Athletics
- The beginning of athletics started in the
prehistoric times when people use several
skills for survival.
- The word athletics comes from the
Greek word athlos, which means
"contest." It is known to be the oldest
sport.
balls of the feet with knees slightly bent.
3. Footwork
- Forehand shot. Left foot is forwarded
near the net.
- Backhand shot. Right foot is
forwarded near the net.

4. Service
- Track and field is the other term for
- Long short. Shuttle falls beyond the
athletics. It involves a variety of events such
short service line.
as running, walking, throwing, and jumping.
- Long high. Shuttle falls within the
rear boundary line.
The following are the different events in
- Drive. A quick flip that makes the
Athletics:
shuttle fall directly to the desired
spot.
Throwing Event: Discus Throw
Running Event: Sprinting
5. Strokes
Jumping Event: Long Jump
- Forehand stroke. This is performed
to return the shuttle from the right
B. Dual Sports side of the body.

These involve partner play. To achieve

- Backhand stroke. This is performed
the success of the game, co-players
must attain a harmonious play and deal to return the shuttle from the left side
appropriately with each other. of the body.

- Overhand stroke. This is performed

to return a high shot.
Badminton
- The sport badminton originated in India,
- Drop shot. This is performed by
which is known as Poona, It is played over
dropping the shuttle immediately
a net using a racket and a shuttlecock.
after it crosses the net.

- Drive. This makes the opponent run

● PHYSICAL EDUCATION
from side to side because of the flat
Basic skills in badminton:
shot keeping the shuttle low.
1. Correct gripping - This is done near the
- Smash. This is an attack shot that
end of the handle.
requires power and speed.
- Forehand. Considered as the
universal grip, the player forms a "V"
using the thumb and index finger. C. Team Sports
- Backhand. The hand holding the
These are group activities where players
racket is slightly raised along the top
are organized into opposing teams who
of the handle. are competing to win.
MAPEH REVIEWER
1ST QUARTER
Football
- Football is a team sport that requires
speed, power, agility, and
coordination. It aims to send the ball
inside the goal of the opposing team.
Common Sports Injuries
1. Sprain is a stretch or a tear of a
ligament.
2. Strain involves an injury to a muscle or
to the band of tissue that attaches a
muscle to a bone.
3. Spasm is the condition of a muscle that
contracts involuntarily. If it is forceful and
sustained, it becomes a cramp.
4. Heat exhaustion is a part of heat-
related illnesses that begins from heat
cramps and can lead to a life-threatening
condition, which is heat stroke.
HEALTH
Consumer health deals with decisions made on
the purchase and use of available products and
health services that will have direct effect on one's
health.
A. Health Information
The consumer's knowledge of health
products and services can be obtained from
friends, advertisements, health
practitioners, medical reference books, and
other materials developed by health
educators.
B. Health Products and Services
- Health products are substances, materials,
or equipment prepared or manufactured for
consumers to buy and used in the
treatment, care, and maintenance of health.
- Health services are activities or work
rendered to help satisfy the health needs of
the consumers.
Health Service Providers
- Health services cater to the health needs of
people.
A. Professionals
Healthcare providers like doctors, nurses,
dentists, and nutritionists, dietitians are
professionals who directly deliver health services
to consumers.
B. Health Facilities
The higher the level, the more capable the
facility in terms of infrastructure, equipment, and
healthcare personnel.
1. Primary level is the first line of contact between
the people and the higher levels of health facility.
Ex: barangay health stations and rural health
units.
2. Secondary level consists of district healthcare
institutions that have 50 to 100 bed capacities.
Ex: municipal hospitals and district hospitals.
3. Tertiary level is a specialized facility that has a
capacity of providing medical care to cases
requiring diagnostic, therapeutic, and state of-the-
art equipment. It has trained doctors and
specialists, and a bed capacity of 100 and above.
Ex: medical centers and provincial or regional
hospitals
Healthcare Plans
Healthcare system is a systematic plan of health
services rendered to the people.
1. Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
- PhilHealth is a government-owned and
controlled corporation that provides
universal health coverage for the Filipinos.
2. Health Maintenance Organizations
MAPEH REVIEWER
1ST QUARTER

- With increasing cost in health-related

activities, prepared plans covering medical
expense have been designed by insurance
companies. These insurance plans are
known as Health Maintenance
Organizations (HMOs).

3. Private Health Insurance

- Patients used to pay directly to the doctor.

When healthcare services became more
expensive, they could no longer afford to
pay directly.