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AN INTRODUCTION TO
SHORT
STORIES
DEFINITIONS OF
LITERARY TERMS
AND ELEMENTS USED
IN SHORT STORIES
WHAT IS A SHORT
STORY?
A short story is a _________, narrative
piece of prose. A short story has many of
the same ___________ as a novel; however,
because it is shorter, a short story has…
4. Less complex
WHAT DO THESE
TERMS MEAN?
There are many more! Use the space below to add to the list:
Describing Setting - Practice
What does the setting look like? Describe what they see,
hear, smell, taste, or feel.
A beach at sunrise:
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Living on a different planet:
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What we think the future might look like:
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Choose a setting: __________________________
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Choose a setting: _________________________
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Choose a setting: ________________________
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METAPHORS
Comparison between two
different objects ___________
using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’.
Use ‘is,’ ‘has,’ or ‘was’.
“Time is money.”
“He is a chicken.”
There are many more! Use the space below to add to the list:
Describing with Metaphors -
Practice
Instead of the sentences below, is there a metaphor
above that can be used to mean the same thing?
SYMBOLS
A symbol is anything that
stands for or represents
something else.
A symbol can be an ________,
__________, _________, or
_________ used to represent
something else.
Symbol Building
Bird: free, caged Owl: wisdom Peacock: pride, vanity
Dove: peace Gold: rich Gray: sickness, aging
Fox: clever Morning: optimism Split road: uncertainty
Green: fresh, nature Sky: freedom, hope Mountain: obstacle
Mask: mystery Red: anger, love Fog: confusion
Dawn: youth, new Black: death, evil A Rose: beauty, love
Sun: life, energy Bee: hardworking Ocean: never-ending
There are many more! Use the space below to add to the list:
Describing with Symbols -
Practice
What are some symbols that can be used to describe the
words below?
A Cliff
Meaning: ___________________________________
Flowers
Meaning: ___________________________________
A Fox
Meaning: ___________________________________
Ice
Meaning: ___________________________________
A Birdcage
Meaning: ___________________________________
A Sword
Meaning: ___________________________________
A Mask
Meaning: ___________________________________
IMAGERY
Imagery is a description that
creates an __________________
in the reader’s mind.
The golden rays of the sun reflected off the clear ocean.
Senses: _____________________________________
A shiver ran down her back as Kelty stepped into the cold
river.
Senses: _____________________________________
Imagery Building
The barn shone bright red. The cake tasted like dirt.
The night was silent. Screaming children filled the park.
Strawberries are crisp and sweet. The coat was warm and fuzzy.
The forest was dark and cold. Stars speckled the black night sky.
The apple pie smelt heavenly. The lightbulb glowed green.
The candy tasted sour. The blanket was soft and fluffy.
The sun was bright yellow. The ocean smelt of salt.
The brick wall was hard. The bird had colourful feathers.
There are many more! Use the space below to add to the list:
Describing Imagery -
Practice
Describe the object.
What might you see, hear, smell, taste, or feel?
*Use at least two different senses to describe the objects below.*
A lightbulb:
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A picnic basket:
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A tennis ball:
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A sunrise:
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A rock:
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Your pencil:
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Describing Imagery -
Practice
Describe the sentences below.
What might you hear?
At an amusement park:
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Describing Imagery -
Practice
Describe the sentences below.
What might you smell?
Petting a dog:
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NARRATION
The _______________ from
which the story is told, also
known as the
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3rd Person:
NARRATION
RELIABILITY
1st Person:
Because the reader can only see the
narrator’s thoughts, the reader
doesn’t know if the narrator is
telling the truth.
3rd Person:
Because the narrator is outside the
story, can see the actions of all
characters, but not their thoughts.
Identifying Narration
Circle the first-person narration sentences in green.
Circle the third-person narration sentences in red.
PERSPECTIVE
How characters
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something in the story.
Writing Perspectives -
Practice
Write what you think could be the perspective of the
other character in the sentences below?
The tiger slowly moved through the grass, its eyes stuck on
the gazelle innocently eating near the waterhole, its
stomach rumbling with hunger.
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Nelly’s team cheered loudly as she scored the winning goal,
while the other team slowly left the field, sad with loss.
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Flat
● Little to no complex emotions.
● Little to no personality.
● Not much is known about this character.
● They undergo no change during the story.
● Often background or secondary characters.
Round
● Lots of emotions and feelings.
● Lots is known about their history.
● Lots is known about their personality: they
have many personality traits.
● They are deeply described.
● Undergo change in the story.
● Often the main character.
CHARACTERS
Protagonist vs Antagonist
Protagonist
●The main character in a short story
●Makes most of the decisions in the
story
●Usually the hero or the good guy
Antagonist
●The character who opposes the
main character.
●Acts as an obstacle in stopping the
main character from reaching their
goals.
●Often seen as the villain or the bad
guy.
Character Building
There are many more! Use the space below to add to the list:
Character Creation
Character Name: __________________________________________________________
General:
Age: _________ Height: ___________ Skin Colour: _______________
Hair: ______________ Eyes: _______________
Job: _____________________________________________________________________
Likes: ____________________________________________________________________
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Dislikes: __________________________________________________________________
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Personality:
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Character Creation
Character Name: __________________________________________________________
General:
Age: _________ Height: ___________ Skin Colour: _______________
Hair: ______________ Eyes: _______________
Job: _____________________________________________________________________
Likes: ____________________________________________________________________
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Dislikes: __________________________________________________________________
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Personality:
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Character Creation
Character Name: __________________________________________________________
General:
Age: _________ Height: ___________ Skin Colour: _______________
Hair: ______________ Eyes: _______________
Job: _____________________________________________________________________
Likes: ____________________________________________________________________
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Dislikes: __________________________________________________________________
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Personality:
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Describing Characters -
Practice
Describe the character.
*Describe at least two things about each character*
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The young girl stood silently in the corner of the room. Her
blue eyes shifted between the different people in the room,
her fingers tugging at pieces of her red hair. She did not
like being in crowds of people, never had since she was a
little girl. Her foot tapped on the ground nervously, her
toenails painted a bright pink.
Flat or Round: _______________________________
She was scared of spiders and when she saw one, her heart
started to pound. She had never liked spiders. In fact,
everyone in her family hated spiders, all 7 of them. Her
brown eyes widened and she climbed up onto a chair, her
fingers trembling. She had never felt so scared before.
Flat or Round: _______________________________
Identifying Characters - Practice
Write on the line below the images if the characters in the
image are protagonists or antagonists?
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CONFLICT
Conflict is the ______________in the
story.
Person Vs ___________
Person Vs ___________
Person Vs ___________
Person Vs ___________
CONFLICT
Person vs Person
Person vs Person is the ____________
conflict found in short stories.
CONFLICT
Person vs Environment
Person vs Environment is a conflict
that occurs when the character is
struggling against the
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Identifying Conflicts
Which conflict is happening in the sentences below?
Blake and his sister were arguing over who got the last
piece of cake, neither wanting to give up.
Conflict: ____________________________________
A young girl was upset because she was having trouble reaching
her goal:
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A boy struggled to hold onto his hat as the wind tried to blow it
off his head:
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She was really tired but her mind told her that she couldn’t go to
bed yet until she was finished with all her work:
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The boat rocked as the waves furiously beat against the side, the
boy trying to keep from falling down:
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The girl hid in the alleyway as the policeman ran past her, looking
for her:
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Inciting Incident:
This is where the reader is introduced to
the _______________.
Rising Action:
This is where most of the ________________.
It is also where tension and suspense is built.
Falling Action:
This is where the conflict begins to
_____________. The problems are starting
to be 'cleaned up'.
Resolution:
This is where the conflict has ___________
resolved and all questions are answered.
Not all stories have this!
Practice Writing Introductions
Practice introducing setting and character
A girl has just had a huge fight with her best friend and
now has to see her at school the next day:
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A group of friends is trying to run away from a leopard that
is chasing them:
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A boy is starting to train for the big race against his biggest
rival in a couple of weeks:
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The young girl and her family have finally landed on the
new planet where they are going to live:
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The ship that the young man was on has sunk and he got
shipwrecked on an island. He has just spotted a ship
faraway in the water:
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The group of friends finally found the end of the corn maze,
after feeling like they were in there forever:
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