J BEC Instructor Training Course of Bridge Inspection at Bandung, Indonesia Types of Defects and Rating March 26, 2018 (General incorporated foundation) Japan Bridge Engineering Center Harazaki, Ikuo J.BEC > This Reference is based on the following materials; 1) “Guideline of Periodic Inspection of Bridges 2014” Road Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Japan 2) “Reference to MLIT’s Guideline of Periodic Inspection of Bridges 2014 -Photographs related to damage rating and maintenance urgency ratings- > For establishing the new manual some modifications for this information is required, based on the present situation of the country.Types of Defects (1/3) _ Suldeline for Periodical Inspection of Bridges, 2014 a Material | No. Faults & Defects Rating ot Remarks 1 | Corrosion s Depth & Extent 2 | Crackin Steel. 3 saz Loose or Missing Bolts 4 | Fracture ras , Paint, Metal 5 | Deterioration of Paint System Spraying, Weathering Stee! Crack Width & _8 | Cracking os seacina 7 |. Spalling /Exposed Rebar Concrete |.°. |. Water leakage/ Eflorescence_ ® | Fallen out of Deck Slab 10 | Cracking of Deck Slab W ‘Gracie iti & Spacing Delamination a - - - ie Types of Defects (2/3) | Guideline for Periodical Inspection of Bridges, 2014 Material | No. Faults & Defects Rating of Defects Remarks 42_| Abnormal Spacing 43 | Bump TZ20mm_ ornot oun 14_| Pavement Crack Defects of Deck Slab er aa Materials | 18 | Functional Disorder of =. fo Expansion Joint L 16 | Others a+ + = e | Illegal Occupation, Scrawl, Missing, Fire DamageTypes of Defects (3/3) Guideline for Periodical Inspection of Bridges, 2014 Material | No. Faults & Defects Rating of Defects Remarks 17 | Deterioration of Material [a - c - e | Steel Plate, Fiber, covered for strengthened Reinforcing Bar, Painting members 18 | Abnormal Anchorage ‘Anchorage of PC Tendon 19 | Discoloration/Deterioration e | Concrete, Rubber, Plastics 20 | Water Leakage/Puddle - +e Common | 21 | Abnormal Noise/Vibration - +e 22_| Abnormal Deflection 23 | Deformation/Missing 24 | Accumulation of Debris 25 | Settlement/Tilt/Movement. 26 | Scour elolo eo Bridge Types and Configurations J-BEC Bridge Collapse Prevention Device Expansion Joint Abutment Superstructure { Substructure Foundation Foundation (Pile) (Caisson) ad] pecans PL J Bottom Slab —Footing(Ft) a Wall | ‘Side Wall anya Span Length lsBridge Component/Element * Primary Element 112 -BEC Significant element for structural safety Secondary Elements: Elements other than the Primary Elements [Bridge Fall Prevention System Bearing Seat Mortar [Bearing Bed Concrete ComponentiElement ComponentiElement 4.Superstructure :Sp 2. Substructure:Su "Main Girders :Mg }* Piers :P ColumnWall * Main Girder Hinge(Gerber Type) :Gb Beam Gross Beam iCb CoNeaicd Singers! I* Abutment :A Vertical wall * Deck Slab :Ds Sereaat Wai (Cross Frame Cf arene * Main Truss Wing Well March /* Foundation :F Ramen (Other Types of Defects |* Outer Cable :Co * PC Anchorage :Cn [Other Types of Defects Bridge Component/Element 2/2 J-BEC Component/Element ComponentElement 3, Bearings: 4) Road Surlace:R [Bearings (Main Body) Ralling ‘Ra [Anchor Bolts [Guard Fence ‘Gf Wheel Guard Wg Median :Me Expansion Joint :&j (Including the elements of post-cast concrete) Lighting Facility Lt Signs ‘Sg [Curb :Cu Pavement Pm (including Backside Approach ) 5, Drainage System :D [Drain Opening :Dr Drain Pipe ‘Dp [Other Types of Defects 6. Inspection Path «Ip 7. Utilities Ut 8, Retaining Wall adjacent to Abutment :RwSteel Material J-BEC 1. Corrosion Rating Rating Criteria [Depth of Corrosion | Corroded Area a No corrosion b minor minor minor major d major minor e major major Measurement of thickness to estimate section loss Depth : major Extent: minor 2. Crack in Steel J-BEC | Rating Rating Criteria ‘a _|No crack in steel Coating film crack at the sharply changed section and welded connection is found. Minor crack which is not linear or short length and small crack is found Linear crack is found, or coating film crack at which crack is suspected is found Typical Fatigue Problematic Details of Steel Plate Girders at points of tensile stress concentration due to cyclic loadings Crack Main Girder Gusset ‘Lateral Brace Cross Beam Sole Plate Welded Connection Welded Connection {iwith Lateral Bracing, | Welded Sole Plate i! between Main Girder /\Gusset and Main Girder n Bearing Support / \\and Cross3. Loose or Missing Bolts Rating Rating Criteria a__|No loose or missing bolts Loose or Missing Bolts (Number of bolts < 5 %) e _|Loose or Missing Bolts (Number of bolts 2 5%) Rating @JBEC 4. Fracture e|Presence of fracture Rating e Rating e D eterioration of Paint System Rating | Rating Criteria No deterioration Outer coat is discolored, or partial peeling is found Protective paint layer is peeled and undercoat is exposed c d e Protective paint layers are widely deteriorated, and spot corrosion is spread. Rating ¢ Rating dConcrete Material J-BEC 6. Crack © “Acrack is defined as a linear fracture in concrete surface _which extend partly or completely through the member. [Span Center 2 A [Quarer Span 7 5 [Suppor Point 3 5 others i 5 [Quarter Span er Suapod Point zi = {whole Span 7 = [cross Gider 71 hi Location c) Substructure [Overa Abutment 4 Lower part of bearing 7 [T-shaped pier 7 Rigidrame pier $Visual Inspection beneath the Girders 1) Reinforced Concrete Girder Bridge Possible Location of Crack End Span Center *>-°" Section support change Middle support J-BEC cessive stress yt Ex @, PoGiders@, Tih fi | Bending — r ttlement of support 2) Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridge Filling of Anchorage Hollow of Upper Anchorage — EA Old Type of PC Tendon Arrangement & Construction Joint PC tendon Leakage Efflorescence \@&_ -Poor quality grout or bad grouting may result in voids being presented in the duct and lead to corrosion of the tendon.Rating of Concrete Crack J! BEC Troe Grade regarding Rating Maximum Grack Width a | |b small | mild icagl c small _severe eo medium mild imac) a | medium severe -@ pe {tage | mila ce | large severe Grade regarding Maximum Crack Width | ene regarding Minimum Crack seacnd\ Cannan RC Structure PC structure | Grade |gS%EK| Minimum Grack Spacing | large | 0.3mm or more | 0.2mm or more | severe gmall | roughly less than 0.5mm medium | 03mm>Wieth 202mm | 02mn>Weth 204mm mild | large | roughly 0.5mm or more small lessthan 0.2mm | less than 0.1mm Rating of Concrete Crack J-BEC Raring Rating 20_J-BEC Rating d 7. Spalling /Exposed Rebar J-BEC Spal ig is defined as a fragment, which has been detached from a larger concrete mass. | | J Exposed Rebar the situation of the reinforcement steel exposed at spalled part. Ratin: Rating Criteria ‘a__[No spallinglexposed rebar ¢ _[Spalling is found. d__ |Rebar is exposed with minor corrosion e Rebar is exposed with significant corrosion or fracture 22Visual Inspection beneath the Girders JBEC Crack > Corrosion of Reinforcement Expansive red rust corrosion, often with severe staining , causes cracking and spalling of cover concrete. water leakage = serious lo t with rust stain Visual Inspection beneath the Girders J BEC Impossible to make a visual check on the condition of the prestressing tendons embedded in grouted ducts inside a reinforced concrete elements > Main Girders ‘Cracking ~~ Spalling/ with Effiorescence Exposed Rebar Cracking along with PC Tendons. = Possible sign of Corrosion of Reinforcement! due to: Insufficient grouting or = ASR prone material | = 1 248. Water leakage/ Efflorescence J-BEC Water leakage/ Efflorescence is defined as water seepage or efflorescence from the concrete joint or crack. [Ratin Rating Criteria a_|No water leakage/efflorescence resence of water leakage from concrete crack. Little rust stain or efflorescence is fount jorescence leaked from concrete crack Is present. Little rust stain is found. Presence of significant water leakage/efflorescence e |from concrete crack is found. Or significant ingredients such as mud or rust stain in leaked water are found. Rating e Rating e 25 9. Fallen out of Deck Slab 5 mm), [and the concrete at top of deck slab which is directly below the asphalt layer resulted into segregation of aggregates. Pattern| Types of Defects 1 Alligator crack 2. | Partially depressed crack 3 | Longitudinal crack 4 |Regularly formed longitudinal partial crack 5 | Significant rutting and pot hole (including trace of repair)JBEC 37 15. Functional Functional Disorder of Bearings is defined as - Functional loss of support of loading and controlled movement and thereby reduction of stresses involved which are to be originally functioned. JiBEC - Defect of fall out of bearing roller, - Functional loss of movement restriction of girder and a_|No functional disorder of bearing I Functional disorder or =. a e€ |significant adverse function of bearing paaii t is identified. ee nortar = Bearings : {tan body Category (Component Element 1 | Main Body of bearings, Anchor bolts Bearing bed concrete! Anchor bolts 2 _ [Bridge fall prevention device 38J BEC Rating e Rating e Category Types of Defects 1 Any deficit at bearing seat mortar or bearing bed concrete 2 |Significant corrosion 3 |Drop out of bearing roller 4 |Damage, breakage or abnormal distortion of elastomeric bearing 5 |Loosening or breakage of anchor bolts or set bolts 6 _ Tilting, abnormal gap, separation of bearing parts 7 |Much accumulation of debris 8 _ |Loss of damping function 9 | Others 40.16. Other Types of Defects Rating e Missing of Sealing Material e Damage 17. Defects of Reinforcing materials for rehabilitation/strengthening —— his is defined as : the delamination, deformation, peeling of strengthening materials ' such as steel plate, carbon fiber sheet, and glass cloth covered the urface of concrete members. nd corrosion of steel plate for strengthening is also inclu Component one a to bo rerceintatea | SMBS! Repair/reinforcement Material Concrete Member 1 | Steel Plate 2 |Fiber 3 |Conerete 4 |Paint system Steel Member 5 __|Steel plate for strengthening 42J BEC Material [Rating Rating Criteria Steel Plate No defect of reinforcing materials for rehabilitation/strengthening [Though the gap between strengthening steel plate and bridge body is not found, but separation, corrosion or water leakage is found. Any following defects are identified: + Gap between strengthening steel plate and bridge body is identified. + Sealed part is almost separated, gap at concrete anchor is found, and rust and water leakage is significant. + Corrosion at concrete anchorage is identified. + Gap at the part of anchorage is identified. Fiber a No defect of reinforcing fiber Minor defects such as bulging of fiber are identified, or water leakage /efflorescence from strengthened concrete is identified. ‘Significant defect or break at reinforcing material, or much amount of water leakage or efflorescence 43, JBEC Material [Rating Rating Criteria Concrete ‘a |No defect of reinforcing materials Water leakagelefflorescence from the strengthened concrete member or minor defects in strengthening material Severe water leakage/efflorescence from the strengthened e concrete member or significant defects in strengthening material Paint System a_|No defect of reinforcing materials Peeling of paint is identified. Peeling of paint system, rust stain at reinforced material or much amount of water leakage/efflorescence Steel Plate a_|No defect of reinforcing materials for Strengthening Minor defects (corrosion, some loosened bolts) of steel plate for strengthening are identi Significant defects € | (heavy corrosion, many loosened bolts, crack) of steel plate for strengthening are identified. 44Rating e 45 18. Abnormal Anchorage —J-BEC “Abnormal anchorage isdefnedas :+ the condition in which rust stain from the cracks or spalling ‘found in the concrete of the anchorage area of prestressing tendon or the condition that spalling of concrete at anchorage area icategory| Types of Anchoring Spalling — mortar 1_|Prestressing Tendon vertically-fastened type 2 |Prestessing Tendon transversely-fastened type ==PC Tendon 3 _| Other types of anchorage J 4 _| Anchor! Deviator of out-cable Anchorage - Transverse PC tendons may lead to insufficient cover at anchorage resulting in spalling. Detached PC Tendon ,,J-BEC Rating Rating No defects ‘Any deficiency of concrete at anchor of PC Tendon is identified, or | any deficiency at anchor of cable are identified. [Any significant deficiency of concrete at anchor of PC Tendon is identified, or any significant deficiencies at anchor of cable is identified Rating € 47. 19. Discoloration/Deterioration of Materials Discoloration/Deterioration of Materials” covers that original material color or quality is changed J-BEC such as discoloration of concrete, hardened/cracked rubber or embrittlement/ cracking of plastics due to deterioration. Material | Rating Rating Criteria Concrete |. _|No discoloration/deterioration e _|Discolored concrete surface (milky white or yellow) Rubber a_|No discoloration/deterioration e |Hardened or cracked rubber Plastics | | No discoloration/deterioration e |Embrittlement of plastic material or cracking 438Rating e Rating e ‘Water Leakage/Puddle” occurs as a defective expansion joint or drainage system where rain water flows by inadequate drainage, and no-flow rate of inwater infiltration at inside gi Rating Criteria a__|No water leakage/puddle [Water leakage from expansion joint, connection of drainage system, Puddle at bearings area or accumulation of rainwater at inside girders Rating e Rating e Rating e 50.Visual Inspection at Bridge Surface ~J-BEC Drainage System Defective drainage can result in severe damage to the bridge 7 Accumulated debris Puddle at Inadequate © at drainage expansion joint drain é Inadequate drain causing rapid corrosion of steel girder/bearings 21. Abnormal Noise/Vibration J-BEC eee n En Abnormal noiseivibration is identified at bridge fall prevention device, © |expansion joints, bearings, noise barrier, girders or inspection facilities The location, extent and the situation of possible sources of Abnormal Noise/Vibration is recorded with field sketch, photographs, and the conditions (traffic passing, wind intensity/direction etc.) are covered in the defects figure. In case that the source cannot be identified in spite of trying to identify it, “Presence of abnormality, but source is not found” is recorded. Rating e UN eue eyes sues ytars x ra om ec a Ca22. Abnormal Deflection —J-BEC Deflection that does not occur under normal conditions is identified. e |Abnormal deflection is identified at main girders or inspection fac Abnormal deflection occurs due to bridge structural deficiency and occurs sometimes as composite action, then these defects (bridge structural deficiency) which affects abnormal deflection are recorded separately. Rating 6 Rating @ n/Break of Structural Elements Deformation/Break of Structural Elements is defined as the localized permanent deformation, break or chip of members | occurs due to vehicular collision, defect during construction or effect rthquak Rating Criter a__|No deformation/break Local deformation/break is identified or partial missing of member Local severe deformation/break is identified or partial and significant missing of member Rating € Rating @ , 5424. Accumulation of Debris JBEC Accumulation of Debris is found at drainage basins/drainpipe, bearing area, and on pavement surface The location, extent and the situation of Accumulation of Debris is recorded with field sketch, photographs and notes, and possible causes of this defect are covered in the defects figure. Rating e Rating e 25. Settlement/Tilt/Movement J-BEC © Support of bearings or foundation undergo settlementitiltimovement Rating e Rating eJ-BEC Scour is defined as the removal of material from the stream bed or bank due to the erosive action of moving water in the stream. _ Rating Rating Criter a__|No scouring Minor scouring of foundation due to river flow Significant scouring of foundation due to river flow Rating e Rating e E erin ci Significant scouring around the substructure 37 Visual Inspection beneath the Girders J-BEC Foundation - Settlement - Movement - Tilting - Scour and Abnormality of Riverbed Local Scour Detail investigation on Scour and river bed Report that “Detail investigation is required for rehabi Settlement due to scour