Untitled

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA
ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND PERCEPTION OF

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT IN TERMS OF FLOOD
CONTROL AND MITIGATION IN BARANGAY TUMANA: INPUTS FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE ACTION PLAN
A Thesis presented to the
Department of Public Administration and
The College of Arts, Sciences, Education and Criminology
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Arts in Public Administration
By
Jolo C. Abrenica
Catherene A. Barranda
James Joshua C. De Guzman
Christopher O. Moya
Rupert John V. Sanchez
2021
COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to assess the implementation and perception of the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management of the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Office of Tumana. The descriptive method of research was used for the
study with the survey questionnaire as the main tool to gather data from the two groups of
respondents. The study involved 21 officers and 78 residents from the two groups of
respondents. The researchers used the four thematic areas of Disaster Management as
indicated in the Republic Act No. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010 as factors for the assessment of respondents. The study found
out that the respondents from the community fall in the middle of the scale while the
officers on the other hand differ as they gave a much higher interpretation in the scale.
Nevertheless, the highest thematic areas from the community is Preparedness and the
highest from the officers are the areas of Preparedness and Response. The least from both
group of respondents is Rehabilitation and Recovery.
COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY


COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled: ―ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND

PERCEPTION OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT IN
TERMS OF FLOOD CONTROL AND MITIGATION IN BARANGAY TUMANA:
INPUTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE ACTION PLAN‖
prepared and submitted by:
Jolo C. Abrenica
Christopher O. Moya
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Public
Administration (BAPA) has been examined and recommended for acceptance and
approval.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
ALDRIN G. JADAONE, EdD

Thesis Coordinator
PROF. REY P. DANIEL, MPA PROF. ROMEO RIVERA,MPA

Regular Panel Guest Panel

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
No research study is ever complete without the help of many people. We, the
researchers, would like to acknowledge the assistance of our Thesis Coordinator,
Professor Aldrin Jadaone for imparting his knowledge and expertise for the success of
this paper. The completion of this undertaking could not have been possible without the
participation and assistance of so many people whose names may not all be enumerated.
However, the group would like to express their deep appreciation and indebtedness
particularly to the following:
Mr. Dave David of Marikina City Rescue 161 for accommodating us with open
arms as we seek assistance in the subject matter of Disaster Management. His expertise
has set the tone for the rest of the study.
Prof. Michelle Carlos for her willingness to dive in and assist for the success of
the paper. Her fine help and assistance have brought this study to a much higher height.
Prof. Rodelio Manuel for constantly encouraging us to finish strong. His
undying support allowed us to stay on track and have assurance that the path we took is
towards victory.
Prof. Rey Daniel, Prof Zara Jane Balesteros, and Prof. Romeo Rivera for
their skill and prowess in guiding and facilitating the group in producing a distinctive
output.
To all our families, friends, and relatives who in one way or another shared their
support. Above all, to the Great Almighty, the author of knowledge and wisdom.
The Researchers

DEDICATION
We, the researchers, surrender our all to the Almighty God for watching over us
and our families during the time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. All honor and glory
belongs to Him, forever.
We, the researchers, dedicate this research study to our families, especially our
parents for the unending support and unconditional love that molded us to become the
best versions of ourselves. A special feeling of gratitude to our dearly departed loved
ones whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity remained among us.
To our dearest Thesis Coordinator Professor Dr. Aldrin Jadaone for
unconditional guidance, wisdom, teaching and love to impart his knowledge.
We, the researchers, also dedicate this study to the friendship that connected ten
(10) exceptional individuals from various walks of life. A friendship turned to a family
whose bond goes beyond infinity. The laughter and joy for 4 years enhanced our link to
become stronger than ever before.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..ii
Adviser‘s Endorsement………………………………………………………………….iii
Approval Sheet…………………………………………………………………………..iv
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………….v
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………..vi
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………..vii
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………viii
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………….ix
Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………1
Review of Related Literature Studies……………………………………………………3
Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………………17
Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………………19
Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………….20
Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………………20
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………….21
Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………………………...22
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………...23

Chapter 2: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research Design………………………………………………………………………..24
Respondents and Sampling Technique…………………………………………………25
Research Instrument…………………………………………………………………….26
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………………….27
Statistical Tools…………………………………………………………………………29
Chapter 3: RESULTS
Presentation of Responses………………………………………………………………32
Presentation of Grand Mean…………………………………………………………….44
Presentation of T-test……………………………………………………………………46
Presentation of Difference Between Community and
Implementing Agency‘s Responses……………………………………………………...47
Chapter 4: DISCUSSIONS
Summary of Findings……………………………………………………………………49
Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………...53
Recommendations……………………………………………………………………….55
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………60

APPENDICES
Appendix A (Request Letter: Barangay Executive) ……………………………………64
Appendix B (Request Letter: Survey Validator) ……………………………………….65
Appendix C (Survey Instrument) ………………………………………………………67
Appendix D (Letter for Guest Panel) …………………………………………………..74
Appendix E (Researchers Profile)………………………………………………………76
LIST OF TABLES
Table A: 5-Point Likert Scale Range of Values and Interpretation……………………...30
Table 1.1.1: Community‘s Responses Based on Prevention and Mitigation…………….33
Table 1.1.2: Implementing Agency‘s Responses Based on Prevention and Mitigation…34
Table 1.2.1: Community‘s Responses Based on Preparedness………………………….36
Table 1.2.2: Implementing Agency‘s Responses Based on Preparedness……………….37
Table 1.3.1: Community‘s Responses Based on Response……………………………...39
Table 1.3.2: Implementing Agency‘s Responses Based on Response………………….40
Table 1.4.1: Community‘s Responses Based on Recovery and Rehabilitation…………41
Table 1.4.2: Implementing Agency‘s Responses Based on
Recovery and Rehabilitation…………………………………………………………….43
Table 2: Summary of the Assessment on
the Four (4) Thematic Areas…………………………………………………………….44
Table 3: T-test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances…………………………..46

Table 4: Difference between the Community and
Implementing Agency‘s Assessment…………………………………………………...47
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: National Risk Reduction and Management Framework……………………...17
Figure 2: Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………….19

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA 1
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
In the world at risk of climate-related disasters, the Philippines is one of the top
countries. The Philippines is a country with a high vulnerability to natural hazards.
According to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (2014), the
Philippines ranked third out of 173 countries vulnerable to disaster risks. It is located in
the path of tropical cyclones that were categorized as a tropical depression, tropical
storm, severe tropical storm, typhoon, and super typhoon. According to the Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAG-ASA), there
are an average of 20 tropical cyclones entering the Philippine area of responsibility.
It is known that Asia and the Pacific is subject to all major types of natural
hazards that pose threats to humans and the economy. For developing countries, these
disasters are one of the factors that hinder development because of its long-range effects.
To counteract the effect of calamity disasters, the basic political entities shall perform
tasks related to readiness to combat the risk of destruction. Hence, a more pronounced
risk management plan shall be crafted and establish a mechanism of action for its
implementation to bring preparedness to the community.
It is emphasized in the Republic Act No. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of 2010. Through this Act, the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF) and National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) were developed. This act focused on four

quadrants representing four Disaster Risk Reduction Management Thematic areas
namely; a.) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, b) Disaster Preparedness, c) Disaster
Response, and d) Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery.
Section 3 states that disaster preparedness refers to the efficient management of
resources and responsibilities that will help in lessening the impact of the disaster. It
involves a well-planned plan of action so we can make effective efforts to reduce the
dangers caused by the disaster to a minimum. Disaster preparedness is the easiest way to
lessen the damage. The disaster preparedness priority area of the NDRRMP offers
strategic actions that help people to improve their awareness and understanding through
information dissemination, contingency planning, and conduct of drills and development
of natural disaster management plans.
Throughout the years, Marikina City has witnessed several natural calamities and
threats especially those barangays near the Marikina River and the Marikina or East
Valley Fault line. Marikina City borders Quezon City, Pasig City and Cainta on the
south, Antipolo City on the east, and San Mateo on the north. In a census conducted by
the Philippine Statistics Authority (2015), the city has a population of 531,128 people and
is expected to increase in the future years. As a result of industrialization, the population
continues to increase and the agricultural lands are converted to residential areas.
Based on the hazard map and research conducted by the Luzon International
Premier Airport Development (LIPAD) showed that there are Barangays included to the
hydrological hazard(flood) prone area these include the Barangay of Tumana, Nangka,
Malanday, Sto. Nino, Kalumpang, Jesus De La Pena and IVC because they are located
near the Marikina River.

Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter provides the information taken from internet sources, books and
literature to be used as a baseline or reference of the researcher in the discussion of the
result of this study. The information provided herein is related to the variables to be
measured hence, it will also provide support for the results being gathered.
International Initiatives
In 1994, according to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, the
Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World was established by the
international community as a response for the problem that every country in the world
would face. The focus of the strategy and plan on action are the year of the 2000's and
beyond to access the safer future. There are policies as part of action plan that every
nation must practice; the national government should have political will to protect and
decrease the vulnerability of their people by legislation, implementation, decision-making
and actualization of service and programs in the highest form of action; established an
risk assessment to reduce, mitigate and increasing the level of preparedness; also, the
nation must promote reduction management plan, utilize and mobilize the resources as a
part of the program. Enia (2020) revealed in her study that strategic action and plan
dramatically started after the conference.
Based on the research conducted by Stanganelli M. (2020), in 2005, after 11 years
since the formulation of the Yokohama Strategy, all the countries in the world endorsed
the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). The aim of it is to reduce the losses and

number of people affected by natural calamity by 2015. The international community
tries to innovate its strategic action to address the burden brought by natural calamity into
the most comprehensive, systematic and broader framework. Then in 2015, the Sendai
Framework was proposed. In this international document, it serves as the guide for
disaster risk reduction for the years 2015-2030.
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction encourages investment in
innovation and technology development in disaster risk management. However, needs for
science and technology inputs are unmet, and there is a lack of policy making that is
based on science and evidence. The Sendai Framework clearly states that in order to
reduce the frequency and impact of disasters, what is required is to better understand
disaster risk and to improve risk governance so that existing risks are reduced, and the
creation of new risks is minimized. This is no easy feat to accomplish. It requires
establishing consistent access to and collection of disaggregated data and strengthening
capacity for contextually analyzing risk assessment and forecasting data. Most
importantly, it requires building political will and action to ensure that all development
programming and future investments are risk-informed.
The Sendai Framework identifies four priorities for action, and its focus on
prevention is concretized into seven targets for member states to achieve. Four of the
seven targets are outcome-focused—seeking reduction in human and material losses from
disasters. The remaining three targets are input-focused—pursuing nationally-led and
owned mechanisms to reduce disaster risk. The priorities for action include understanding
risk in all its dimensions, guiding and incentivizing both public and private sectors to
address disaster risk through strengthened risk governance, putting in place multi-hazard
early warning systems, protecting productive assets, improving the safety and
functionality of critical infrastructure, and strengthening disaster preparedness.
Flood Management Plans
There are several infrastructures related to controlling flood waters. These
includes rock berms, rip-raps, sandbags, steeper slopes, and construction and expansion
of drainage channels. Marikina over the years has utilized several of these infrastructure
initiatives in its Marikina River. In the case of the Tumana River, the use of Flood
Protection Methods from Riverside and Village such as demountable barriers and dikes
and levees. A dike lowers the risk of having floods compared to other methods. It can
help prevent damage; levees protect land that typically dry but may be flooded. Dikes
protect land that would otherwise be submerged for the most of the year. Levees and
dikes have similar appearances, and the phrases levee and dike are frequently used
interchangeably. However it is better to combine dikes and levees with other flood
control methods to reduce the risk of a collapsed dike.
The largest and most elaborate flood defenses can be found in the Netherlands,
according Kraft L. (2021), to protect their country from floods, the Dutch have built a
number of dikes, barriers, and pumps. Flooding from both sea and rivers endangers the
Dutch. Dikes, which are water-resisting obstacles, are used to keep low-lying land dry.
Furthermore, the Maeslantkering, a vast system of barriers that block off water
routes if flood levels rise too high, is an important element of the Dutch plan. It consists
of a series of massive curving doors that screen off the ocean when sea levels rise too
high. The Maeslantkering protects against five meters rise in sea level. The gates are only

shut if the water level is projected to increase by at least three meters. With the exception
of an annual test, the gates have only been closed once they were finished in 1997.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (2014) defines disaster management
plan as the leadership, training, readiness and exercise support, and technical and
financial assistance to strengthen citizens, communities, state, local, and tribal
governments, and professional emergency workers as they prepare for disasters, mitigate
the effects of disasters, respond to community needs after a disaster, and launch effective
recovery efforts.
In Marikina, all excess water from Marikina River up to Pasig River goes through
the Manggaghan floodway. The Manggahan floodway is created by the national
government to catch water from the mountain due to diminished forests in Antipolo and
Rizal province. Cited to PAGASA (2012), the capacity of river and the flow rate during
Ondoy the Marikina river has a current capacity of 2,900m³/second, Pasig river with
500m³/second, Napindan Channel with 35m³/second, and Manggahan Floodway with
2,400m³/second. The risk is further exacerbated by inappropriate human practices
contributing to still higher levels of natural hazards, such as deforestation, lack of
drainage systems, and concrete and asphalt paving, all of which lessen the absorption
capacity of the plant layer. For these reasons, disaster risk management means not only
intervention in and control of natural phenomena, but also (and especially) modification
of existing land use practices, occupation practices, and economic activities that generate
hazards and vulnerabilities; it also means strengthening the application of risk reduction
criteria in development planning.

Republic Acts
The R.A. 10121 established the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management
Council (NDRRMC), an agency under the Office of Civil Defense headed by the
Secretary of Defense serving as the implementing body of the National Government. One
of the key priorities of the NDRRMC is disaster preparedness. It aims to increase the
level of awareness of the communities to the threats and impacts of all hazards and risks,
to equip the community with necessary skills to cope with the negative effects and to
increase capacity of institutions.
R.A. 10121, Section 12 stated that the NDRRMC is expected to create smaller
units of committees in the local level (province, cities, and municipalities) and the
barangay level, to equip the public for disaster risk reduction and management activities.
These smaller units are expected to formulate their own programs and coordinate
management activities that are consistent with the National Council. Proper disaster
management can be done when we make the citizens aware of the precautionary
measures to take when they face emergency situations.
On the other hand, Republic Act No. 9729 or the Climate Change Act of 2009
was made into law in response to the urgency for action on Climate Change. Section 4 of
this law established the Climate Change Commission. Under the Office of the President,
its main role is the ―sole policy-making body of the government which shall be tasked to
coordinate, monitor and evaluate the programs and action plans of the government
relating to climate change pursuant to the provisions of this Act.‖

Republic Act No. 9729, Section 14 states that barangays have a direct
involvement in identifying and implementing the best practices to eliminate climate
change and its prevention. Barangays are expected to work hand-in-hand with the local
government units. Both R.A 9729 and 10121 provide for the integration of climate
change mitigation and adaptation measures with that of DRRM at the national and up to
barangay (village) levels. National and local governments are mandated to prepare,
budget for and implement their climate change and DRRM action plans. The Republic
Act No. 7160 or most commonly known as the Local Government Code of 1991 also
provides local-autonomy to local government units even the most basic of which is the
barangay. Barangays are expected to enhance and mitigate policies for the welfare of its
constituents.
Community Involvement on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
As stated by Abarquez and Zubair (2014), the concept of the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Framework is community-based in which at-risk
communities should be actively involved in the identification, analysis, treatment,
monitoring and evaluation of disasters in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance
their capacities. It means that the people should be at the center of the decision making
and implementation of disaster risk management activities. The involvement of the most
vulnerable is crucial in the success of the implementation.
The role of local authorities in promoting local and community level preparedness
is also very important. Many times, disasters are localized and local officers have a key
role in managing disaster risks before, during, and after the disaster. According to Shah

and Kenji (2004), it is essential that officers at the grassroots level should mobilize
support to involve larger sets of people. Their role is important in promoting a
participatory disaster resilient development.
Pandey, B and Okazaki. K (2005) stated in their report that while disasters can
strike a wide region or a nation, that impact is felt at the community level although it may
hit one or several communities at once. It is these communities that constitute what is
referred to as ―disaster fronts‖. Being at the forefront, communities need to have capacity
to respond to threats themselves. It is for this reason that communities should be involved
in managing the risks that may threaten their well-being.
The United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) has
incorporated Community Based Disaster Management as its approach in disaster
management planning under the overall organizational mandate of sustainable regional
development and human security. The UNCRD focused on the community initiatives in
the Asian region targeting different stakeholders, from local government decision makers
to schoolchildren. In all initiatives, attempts were made to ensure that communities are
engaged in disaster risk management phases and are empowered to carry them over in the
long term run.
In addition, according to Robas R. (n.d.), the implementation of the National
Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) Four Plan of Action for Preparedness (4PPAP)
this is to impart and enhance the awareness and involvement of public in measures done
under the responsibility of the government to ease the adverse effect of disaster in the
future was approved by the former President Arroyo.

Marikina and Natural Disasters
In a study conducted by Francisco (2015), Marikina has a long history of flooding
problems because of its location in a valley with a river running through it. During the
rainy seasons, the river swells and overflows, and the city becomes a catch basin for
water from Quezon City and Rizal.
As stated by Zoleta-Nantes (2000), flooding is the most recurring disaster
experienced in the country and the National Capital Region has been indicated as the
most flood prone area. Marikina City which is part of Metro Manila is not exempted from
the flooding problems faced by the region. Flooding in the city was reported to have
intensified over the years, with some writers linking it to the year 1980 when impacts
started to be felt by the population. In 1992, twenty-seven percent of Marikina was
classified as a flood-prone area with an estimation of over 10,000 homes exposed to
flooding.
As eloquently stated by Du, J., & Greiving, S. (2020), for the last decade, the City
of Marikina successfully achieved less to zero casualty as it gained experiences from
previous disaster, flash-flood to be specific, by the help of community-based risk
reduction campaign the city improved its preparedness towards natural disaster. Barangay
Tumana is categorized as high-risk settlements in the city and in the whole Metro Manila.
The land area of Barangay is about 153 hectares and covers almost seven percent of
Marikina total land area; it has a population of 43,239 and 1/3 of its total is identified as a
dependent group of individuals. It is considered a multi-hazard prone area that can
experience floods, earthquake and landslide; for almost three decades, most of Barangay
Tumana experienced around 1.5-meter flood

Under Republic Act. 9432, Barangay Tumana, a former sitio of Concepción Uno,
was formed on April 10, 2007. It is the newest barangay in the city. The geology of the
area has been changed by soil building induced by flooding, erosion, and landslides. The
riverfront used to be a part of the barangay, but it has been transformed into fertile land.
Barangay Tumana is a part of the second district of Marikina and is located withinside
the northwest part of the city and has a land area of about 181.97 hectares
As eloquently insisted by Dangcalan, Dela Cruz, Amparo, Jimena & Alviar
(2019) on their research study, during the time when Marikina Rescue 161 was created
the organization had no capability of organizing a detailed, defined, sharpened and
systematic approach regarding disaster management. Also, it was mentioned that there
was a confession of a high-ranked officer that the main activities that the office is doing
was distribution of canned goods which will fall under the phase of ‗response‘ and also
conducting rescue operations.
After the disastrous experiences by the city and its people the institutionalizing of
MCDRRMO or Marikina City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council took place
to address what is needed. The LGU successfully established a decentralized approach
towards DRRM which helps the City effectively and efficiently perform its duty. Though
MCDRRMC was established and took the place of Rescue 161 the former office is still a
part of the council. Furthermore, even though the city has established its Disaster Risk
Reduction Management Council there are roles that some institutions and groups of
individuals must play and take as a responsibility and a sense of participatory.

While on RA 10121 Section 12, it is discussed that the ―Local Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Office‖ should establish a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Committee (BDRRMC) in every barangay that will be in charge of the
implementation and coordination of the management‘s program within their own
jurisdiction. Most importantly, one must understand that these disaster management
offices do not necessarily eliminate the threat completely but it decreases the impact of
the disaster. It focuses on formulating specific plans to do so.
All national policies created by the National DRRM Council will then be
cascaded to the most basic political unit in the grassroot level, every barangay has its own
Barangay DRRM Council which has several functions that mainly revolves around
setting directions for implementation and coordination, designing programs, facilitating
contingency planning activities on the local level, organizing and conducting trainings,
orientations, and knowledge management activities, and operating a multi-hazard early
warning system linked to disaster risk reduction.
4 Thematic Areas on Disaster Risk Reduction Management
As mentioned, the disaster risk management framework has four aspects to follow
and practice for better disaster risk reduction management. These are; Prevention and
Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and last, Rehabilitation and Recovery.
In a study conducted by Escobar M. (2021), he used the school heads and school
teachers as respondents. It is notable in the study that school heads and teachers in
Marikina assessed the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan initiatives and
statistically tested them. The study used each thematic factor in the assessment of the

totality of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management and it showed that there is a
significant difference between the assessments of the two groups of respondents. School
heads and officials tend to be more aware of ongoing initiatives but the teacher
respondents fall in the middle of the scale. The study implicitly expressed that the
challenge is to be seen especially in the teacher respondents on the thematic area of
Preparedness and Response.
Prevention and Mitigation it refers to the collective actions in avoidance of
possible massive impacts of events through the help of engineering measures and
constructions, government advance planning and citizen orientation these can be by
constructing dams, floodways and pumping stations, it can also be emergency planning of
the government and enhancing the public participatory through campaigns and seminars.
As stated by Bullock, Haddoe & Coppala (2003), prevention and mitigation are
completely the same in the sense of disaster risk management concerns. An action that
will be beneficial in the long run and has the assurance to address or more likely avoid
the possible extreme risk.
According to Ravelo, J., (2012), the country has witnessed devastating typhoons
over several decades and the government continues to improve its disaster related
activities. It is notable in this study that while the government says that they are well-
equipped, the community is still in need of more efficient disaster-risk reduction
measures to mitigate the effects of seasonal rains. Preparedness is a pre-disaster response.
It refers to the knowledge and education on how to avoid adverse effect of disastrous
events mostly with the initiative of the government that is aiming to fill the mind of every
individual with learnings, it‘s the capability among constituent and government to act

accordingly that can minimize the risk factor, for example, conducting trainings,
advocacy campaign, forums and seminars that might nourish the level of critical thinking
of individuals or an organization.
As mentioned in the study of Domingo & Manejar (2018), there are four phases
that LGU‘s must exercise when disaster strikes or even before it strikes. Preparedness,
Mitigation, Response and Recovery. According to them, ‗Preparedness‘ refers to the
measurements of knowledge, readiness, practice and exercise that can be used when
disaster occur. Recognizing that the scope of disaster preparedness education must reach
a very diverse population means the methods of delivering risk communication must also
be broad and inclusive. Unfortunately, the over-dependence on social media and high-
speed internet connection has the potential to leave many people in this country without
access to important disaster preparedness information.
Same with the researchers mentioned above, according to their point of view on
'Preparedness' it refers to the collective advancement regarding the disaster in order to
allow the government to anticipate the risk. Being ready is a characteristic of
preparedness; at all times this is a vital and essential aspect and concern of the area.
According to Du, J., & Grieving, S. (2020) for the last decade the LGU
successfully achieved less to zero casualties as it gained experiences from previous flash-
floods. Response is a post-disaster action of the government, after the occurrence of
events the authority is mandated to do disaster assistance of necessities, transportation,
search and rescue operations, it also refers to the governmental intervention as much as

possible to assess every need. As stated by Center for Excellence in Disaster
Management and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DMHA), response is a type of action
that usually refers to short-term or immediate intervention either through support of the
aftermath disaster acts. This gives a lot of definition as it continuously insists that it was a
form of relief to lessen serious outcomes.
According to the Associated Programme on Flood Management, (2013) when
flooding is inevitable, it is important for the community to be organized and take
measures to reduce the negative effects of the circumstances on people's everyday life.
The important components of flood emergency include early warning, assessment of
immediate needs, provision of the safe shelter for the affected people and suitable
amenities.
Rehabilitation and Recovery, in this case the movements of government to help
the community in the restoration, rebuilding, reconstructing and revitalizing the way of
their living and enable to develop a community based constructive participation to boost
the revamping of society. Also, according to the Center for Excellence in Disaster
Management and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DMHA), with the same study,
rehabilitation and recovery are described as the act of implementing programs and plans
to revitalize the community. It is the emergence of systematic planning to rebuild the
affected areas and its people in order to establish a revamped society.
As stated in NDRRM Framework, the long-term goal for disaster rehabilitation
and recovery is to have a safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino communities that
are protected from risks and can cope with and recover quickly from disaster events. This
statement empowers and support the collected data that barangay is responsible and

mandated under provisions provided under the NDRRMF. As indicated in NDRRM
Framework, there‘s outcomes where in it is the desired results from the implementation
of this thematic factor and it should be relevant to the policies and strategies under the
Philippine Development Plan which includes livelihood and Business Development;
Agriculture and Fisheries; Housing and Settlement; Social services; and Physical
Infrastructure.
Synthesis
In totality, RA 10121 and all other related literature and studies introduced to us
that a community-based approach of dealing with disasters especially floods is imperative
in the success and implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
initiatives. Collaboration between the local government unit and its stakeholders while
managing connection and network to non-profit or non-governmental organizations can
help communities achieve the prime benefits in each thematic area.

Theoretical Framework
Figure 1: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework
The figure above illustrates the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Framework by virtue of the Republic Act No. 10121. In line with the
Climate Change Adaptation Framework, the NDRRMF summarizes what the plan is all
about which includes fulfillment of the requirements set by the law. The plan is
composed of four thematic areas namely: disaster prevention, disaster preparedness,
disaster response, and disaster rehabilitation. Along with it are the objectives and
outcomes of each area.

The framework of NDRRMP which serves as a guide to the disaster risk
reduction and management (DRRM) efforts to the country states that… ―The framework
envisions a country of safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino communities toward
sustainable development where men and women have increased their awareness and
understanding of DRRM, with the end view of increasing people‘s resilience and
decreasing their vulnerabilities‖.
According to the NDRRMF, resources invested in the four thematic areas must
prioritize disaster prevention and mitigation, disaster preparedness and climate change
adaptation to be more effective in attaining its goal and objectives. All of these were
cascaded from the national government to the barangay, the smallest political unit in the
archipelago; and the nearest to the people in the localities serving as the primary planning
and implementing unit of government programs, projects and activities. As the political
unit in the grassroots level, the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Committee (BDRRMC) was mandated to implement RA 10121 (Sec. 12 (a))

Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Assessment on the implementation

and perception of disaster risk
reduction and management in terms
 Designing the survey
of flood control and mitigation in
questionnaire
Barangay Tumana on the following:
 Tabulating and Collaborating
 Inputs for the development of
results
1. Prevention and Mitigation sustainable action plan
 Presenting data
2. Preparedness
 Interpreting and Analysing data
3. Response
4. Rehabilitation and Recovery
FEEDBACK
Figure 2: Conceptual Framework
The figure above explains the conceptual framework of the study. It is in linear
form to easily recognize the totality of how the research study would take place. The
input includes the Assessment on the Implementation and Perception of Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management in terms of Flood Control and Mitigation in Barangay
Tumana. The process of gathering data would be through several platforms like surveys,
questionnaires, and interviews among experts in the field of administration and disaster
risk management. Lastly, the outputs are Inputs for the development of sustainable action
plan

Statement of the Problem
The study aims to answer the following research questions:
1. What is the assessment on the implementation and perception of disaster risk
reduction and management in terms of flood control and mitigation in Barangay
Tumana on the following:
1.1 Prevention and Mitigation
1.2 Preparedness
1.3 Response
1.4 Rehabilitation and Recovery
2. Is there any significant difference between the assessment of the community and
the officers of the officers on the implementations and perceptions of disaster risk
reduction and management in terms of flood control and mitigation in Barangay
Tumana?
3. Based on the result of the study, what are the recommendations that can be
proposed as a basis of Inputs for the development of sustainable action plan?
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the assessment of the community and
the officers on the implementations and perceptions of disaster risk reduction and
management in terms of flood control and mitigation in Barangay Tumana

Significance of the Study
The data gathered would then serve as information that may shed light to the
Marikina 161, community of Marikina and the Barangay of Tumana on what possible
solutions can be formulated to help on disaster management. The study also serves as a
guide to the following:
COMMUNITY OF MARIKINA. This study would benefit the community, especially
its Marikina City Rescue 161 on what programs and projects would help its stakeholders
to be more critical in preventing casualties.
BARANGAY TUMANA AND RESIDENTS. This study will help the local
government unit of Tumana in knowing a portion of its jurisdiction‘s environment which
might affect their understanding of natural disaster preparedness. This study would
spearhead community programs and policies that residents will benefit from.
BARANGAY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT OFFICE. This
study would help the students by proposing actions that would help them to be more
critical. This study would suggest some solutions for the residents in setting their guides
and ideas on disaster preparedness properly.
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA. The study would be of help to the
community college as it expands its area of knowledge and excel in the field of research.
This study would also benchmark researches to be developed in disaster management.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS. The study would be of help for them to understand the
level of implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management initiatives. It may
also serve as a reference, a source of information, and suggests directions for future
research.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The scope of this study will be the assessment on the implementations and
perceptions of disaster risk reduction and management in terms of flood control and
mitigation in Barangay Tumana as perceived by both the implementing body and
residents of Barangay Tumana, Marikina. Subjects will be limited to ages 18 years old
and above and at least one year of residency. There will be two groups of respondents,
the community which comprises of residents in low-lying areas of Tumana and the
officers or staff working in/with the implementing agency. The intention of this study is
to know how the community and officials perceive the implementation of policies and
projects of the local government unit of Tumana on floods. The study focused and is
limited only on the identification of Disaster Risk Reduction Management activities,
projects, and policies particularly in four thematic areas as prescribed under R.A. 10121.
The study covered the implementation of DRRM for years 2020-2021 and the
respondents are those from the locale and implementing agency within the timeframe
indicated. The research study and data gathering will formally start in the month of
October 2021 until sufficient data is collected.

Definition of Terms
Disaster. The grave disturbance of the normal functions of the community
including its environment that entails economic loss, property damage or even death that
results to inability to recover using their own resources
Disaster Risk Reduction Management. It is a system of managing the
decreasing of harms, damages and destructions caused by external and natural disasters.
Level of implementation. It refers to the term of orientation how frequent
disaster preparedness programs being conducted in school either quarterly, semi-annual
or annually as well as the preparedness risk management plan implementation and it is
being measured in likert scales with 1 being the lowest and 5 as the highest
implementation rating.
Preparedness. This is the preventive measures that can be done in order to reduce
the impact of the risk by using sound analysis and appropriate decisions to lessen the
damage and the inhibition of the possible loss of life or property through proper training,
hazard mapping, stockpiling of supplies and equipment and communication lines for
public information.
Response. It is the immediate assistance or care to an individual or group during
the strike of the disaster or after a disaster has happened to preserve life and provide basic
needs for the affected people or to restore the public facilities back to its normal
operation.
Risk. A probable event that could result in a negative impact brought by any
disasters.
Chapter II
METHOD
In this chapter, the researchers have described the procedures in order to conduct the
study. In addition, description of the research design, target population, sample and
sampling technique, research instruments and their validity and reliability aspects, and
statistical tools and treatment is also included.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive method of research. According to Best and
Kahn (2007) as cited by Salaria, N. (2013), ―The term descriptive research has often been
used incorrectly to describe three types of investigation that are different. Perhaps their
superficial similarities have obscured their difference. Each of them employs the process
of disciplined inquiry through the gathering and analysis of empirical data, and each
attempt to develop knowledge. To be done competently, each requires the expertise of the
careful and systematic investigator.
A brief explanation may serve to put each one in proper perspective.‖ According
to Dr. Y.P. Aggarwal (2008) as cited by Salaria, N. (2013) descriptive research is devoted
to the gathering of information about prevailing conditions or situations for the purpose
of description and interpretation. This type of research method is not simply tabulating
facts but includes proper analyses, interpretation, comparisons, identification of trends
and relationships. The research proponents chose to use a descriptive type of research
where in the focus of this study, since researchers are aiming to answer and assess the
―what is‖. It is to determine the current level of preparedness of respondents towards a
phenomenal situation and be able to provide necessary information.

Respondents and Sampling Technique of the Study.
The selected respondents of the study will come from selected households
owners from Barangay Tumana, City of Marikina that are identified to be in disaster
prone areas or those near the Marikina River and the implementing agency officials.
The researchers worked closely with the Barangay of Tumana through their Barangay
Captain Ziffred A. Ancheta. To properly identify the respondents, a letter of request
was made to concerned individuals regarding the full and validated list of
homeowners.
The unit of analysis is per household. According to the available data, the total
number of listed household owners is 9,816. The respondents of the study were
determined through simple random sampling wherein the researchers have identified
one resident randomly selected among the number of household heads of the Barangay
Tumana. In determining the actual number of respondents in Barangay Tumana, the
Slovin‘s formula was used with a 10% margin of error:

The total number of respondents is 98.99 or 99. The researchers added
availability sampling to get the data who are available on the moment when data
gathering takes place.
Research Instrument
Under this type of research which is descriptive research, the researchers used a
survey form method. The research survey will be in the form of an online survey since
direct contact is restricted due to health crises. Online survey using the platform of
Google Forms is a suitable, effective and efficient form of survey. The proponents will do
the comparison of findings and result from the standard of survey. The gathered results
were based on the response of selected residents of Tumana, Marikina city according to
their perception on the level of implementation of disaster preparedness and response
activities.
In gathering the necessary data of the study, a structured questionnaire was
formed. Structured questionnaires are in line in conducting quantitative research. This
question line relies on closed-ended questions pre-selected by the researcher(s) wherein
responses are already provided and the respondents just have to select from them
(Timpany, 2016). The researchers also used a likert-type scale questionnaire in which the
respondents had the ability to choose from the given choices for close-ended questions in
order for the respondents to answer at ease with minimal amount of thinking.

The respondents were asked to choose from the choices next to each statement
that may or may not apply to them; choices of answers include the following: 1 - Strongly
Disagree, 2 - Disagree, 3 – Fairly Agree, 4 - Agree, 5 -Strongly Agree. This generally
leads to higher response and more accurate data. As for the researchers, it is easier to
code and analyze. By the use of survey questionnaires, the respondents are able to answer
the given questions through rating. The survey questionnaires to be used are patterned
from the statement of the problem, with this, the researchers gathered the assessments of
respondents on the level of implementation towards the disaster risk reduction and
management activities in terms of flood. Gathered data through survey questionnaires can
lead the researchers towards their objective of conducting this research that might be
beneficial for the respondents and other individuals in the area.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers had established a working relationship with the Barangay
officials of Tumana for the duration of the study. Before the start of the data gathering,
the researchers requested for the support and approval of the Honorable Barangay
Captain Ziffred A. Ancheta and Kagawad Michael Z. Quibral. The researchers then
submitted a letter asking for permission to conduct the study within the jurisdiction and
locale of Barangay Tumana.
With the help of the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
of Tumana, the researchers then asked for the projects, initiatives, activities on the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Data for the population and household owners
was also requested from the humble office. The researchers and the implementing agency

then conducted a virtual meeting via Google Meet for further discussion and
clarifications for the duration of the research study.
Alongside the seeking of approval, the researchers had established a survey
questionnaire that‘s lined with the statements of the problem as the basis for creation and
is submitted to the research professor for further polish and checking. Then the survey
questionnaire was submitted to three (3) validators, specifically Professor Aldrin G.
Jadaone as the Thesis Coordinator, Professor Michelle Carlos as the Academic Validator,
and Mr. Dave David Chief of Marikina Rescue 161 as Field Validator.
Upon the approval of the survey questionnaire by the validators, a google form
counterpart of this questionnaire was made for easier distribution and access. The data
gathering soon followed with the assistance of the Barangay. The researchers contacted
the respondents through social media platforms like Facebook and Messenger, sending
them the link for the Google Forms. The researchers also provided hard copies of the
survey questionnaire for the respondents from the implementing agency. The barangay
then contacted the researchers after a few days for the claiming of answered
questionnaires.
After the proper survey through providing questionnaires, the researchers will
gather all the answers by the respondents, tabulate, analyze and interpret the given data
with the help of Professor Rodelio Manuel. The researchers carefully reviewed the
collected data to identify and highlight the issues met. Upon careful interpretation, the
researchers had produced a recommendation for Flood Management Plan for
BDRRMO.

Statistical Tools
The obtained and gathered data from survey questionnaires answered by
the respondents will be analyzed and measured by the help of statistical tools. The
researchers provided and given questionnaires being answered by selected respondents
are being measured and analyzed. The following statistical tools that will be used for
gathered data are the following these are composed of the following with
corresponding formulas;
1. Weighted Mean
This statistical tool is focusing on getting the average scores of the level of
preparedness of selected households towards natural disaster. The weighted mean will
be computed with this formula:
WM=fxn Where: WM = Weighted Mean |
∑ = Summation of all quantities
f =Frequency
n = Total no. of respondents
x = Scale value

Table 1. 5-Point Likert Scale Range of Values and Interpretation.
Range of Values Interpretation
4.5- 5.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
3.5- 4.49 Agree (A)
2.5- 3.49 Fairly Agree (FA)
1.5- 2.49 Disagree (D)
1.0- 1.49 Strongly Disagree (SD)
2. Welch’s T-Test
As recommended by the field validator and statistician, this study has made use
of Welch‘s T-Test. This test assumes that both groups of respondents are sampled from
a normal distribution, but it does not assume that these two have the same variance.
According to Lakens A. (2015), Welch's t-test is designed for unequal population, but
the assumption of normality is maintained. This study aims to compare the mean of
two groups to further interpret available data. Lakens argued that Welch's t-test should
be the default choice for comparing the means of two groups since it performs better
than the Student‘s t-test.

Where:
x = is the mean
S = the standard deviation
N = sample size

Chapter 3
RESULTS
This chapter illustrates the data gathered, the result of the statistical analysis and
interpretation of findings. These are presented in tables followed by the specific research
problem regarding the Assessment on the Implementation and Perception of Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management in terms of Flood Control and Mitigation in Barangay
Tumana. The results, collected with the use of a structured questionnaire, will then be
analyzed and interpreted to form comprehensible statements that give sense and meaning
to the data gathered.
A total of 99 respondents answered the survey questionnaire via direct and
indirect gathering of data. These respondents are from two group of people, 21 from the
implementing agency involved in the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management and the remaining 78 respondents are from the community itself classified
in the scope of the research. The gathered data were discussed, analyzed and interpreted.
They are presented in tables followed by the analysis and discussion.
This section of this chapter analyzes the various demographic characteristics of
the respondents. Supporting tables are provided per group classification
Presentation of Responses on the Implementation of the 4 Thematic Areas DRRM
This portion of this study shoes the result of the respondent‘s assessments on
DRRM activities in Barangay Tumana, Marikina City. These were presented in tables
with the average mean and verbal interpretation of their assessment. Assessed through the

round off principle of likert scale: 4.5 – 5.00 as Strongly Agree (SA), 3.5 – 4.49 as Agree
(A), 2.5 – 3.49 as Fairly Agree (FA), 1.5 – 2.49 as Disagree (D), and 1.0 – 1.49 as
Strongly Disagree (SD).
Table 1.1.1 Mean Summary of the Community’s Responses based on Prevention and
Mitigation
PREVENTION AND MITIGATION MEAN VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
1. Barangay has the ability to decrease 3.04 Fairly Agree
potential destruction caused by flood.
2. Flood prevention plans or programs are 3.00 Fairly Agree
effective.
3. There is enough infrastructure that helps 3.03 Fairly Agree
to prevent flooding
4. The drainage system is enough to prevent 2.83 Fairly Agree

rapid flooding in streets and roads.
5. The river dike engineering is effective 3.03 Fairly Agree
and efficient to anticipate possible flash
flood.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 2.98 Fairly Agree
Table 1.1.1 presents the assessment of the community on activities and practices
of the barangay in terms of Prevention and Mitigation with the mean, verbal
interpretation and the average weighted mean.

As shown in the table the respondents fairly agreed to the corresponding
practices. First, the respondents fairly agrees that the barangay has the ability to decrease
potential destruction caused by flood with a mean of 3.04. The community respondents
also fairly agrees that the barangay has enough infrastructure that helps in preventing
flood within the vicinity with a mean of 3.03. A mean of 3.03 is also tabulated for the
effectivity and efficiency of the dike engineering being done by the local government
unit. While a mean of 3.00 is computed for the effectivity of flood prevention plans and
programs. Consequently, the respondents still fairly agrees that the drainage system is
enough to prevent flooding in the area with a mean of 2.83.
In totality, the assessment of the community on the implementation of prevention
and mitigation practices gathered an average weighted mean of 2.98.
This is in line with a previous study by Ravelo, J., (2012), while the government
says it is now better prepared, the community or those in the grassroots level is still in
need of more efficient disaster-risk reduction measures to prevent and mitigate the effects
of seasonal rains.
Table 1.1.2 Mean Summary of the Implementing Agency’s Responses based on
Prevention and Mitigation
PREVENTION AND MITIGATION MEAN VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
1. Barangay has the ability to decrease 3.76 Agree
potential destruction caused by flood.
2. Flood prevention plans or programs are 3.71 Agree
effective.

3. There is enough infrastructure that helps 3.79 Agree
to prevent flooding.
4. The drainage system is enough to 3.57 Agree

prevent rapid flooding in streets and
roads.
5. The river dike engineering is effective 3.90 Agree
and efficient to anticipate possible flash
flood.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 3.75 AGREE
Table 1.1.2 presents the assessment of the implementing agency on the activities
under prevention and mitigation of the disaster risk reduction and management with
corresponding mean, and verbal interpretation.
In the table, the implementing agency agrees that the dike engineering in the river
is effective and efficient in combating possible flash floods with a mean of 3.90.
According to the respondents, they can visibly see especially in the past years that there
are improvements in the expansion and ongoing works near the river. Second in the table
was the effectivity of the infrastructure efforts in the area with a mean of 3.79. Third had
a mean of 3.76 wherein the respondents agreed that the barangay has the capacity in
preventing possible destruction caused by flood. Followed by the effectivity of flood
prevention plans and programs with a mean of 3.71. Lastly with a mean of 3.57, the
respondents agreed that the drainage system is effective in preventing rapid flooding in
the area.
In totality, the implementing agency‘s assessment on activities and initiatives in
the area of prevention and mitigation garnered an average weighted mean of 3.75.

Based on the gathered data from the response it simply means that the barangay
implementing agency has a direct involvement in identifying and implementing the best
practices to eliminate climate change and its prevention in accordance with Republic Act
No. 9729, Section 14.
Table 1.2.1 Mean Summary of the Community’s Responses based on Preparedness
PREPAREDNESS MEAN VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
1. The Barangay is capable to cope and 3.08 Fairly Agree
adjust with different challenges and
changes brought by calamities such as
flood.
2. Barangay has advocacy or campaign to 3.10 Fairly Agree
prepare its area towards flood.
3. The preparedness of Barangay is enough 3.08 Fairly Agree
and sustainable to face natural calamity
such as floods.
4. Media platforms such as Facebook, 3.26 Fairly Agree
YouTube etc. are used for preparedness
campaigns and besides media platforms,
there are reading materials such as
brochures and flyers used.
5. There are early warning systems or 3.63 Agree
devices that are used to inform the
people of possible floods.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 3.23 FAIRLY AGREE
Illustrated in Table 1.2.1 is the mean summary for the assessment of the
community on the second thematic area of disaster risk reduction and management,
Preparedness. According to the data majority agrees that there are early warning systems

or devices for information dissemination of possible floods with a mean of 3.63.
Followed by fairly agree so as that media platforms are being utilized in preparedness
campaigns with a mean of 3.26. Subsequently, the respondents fairly agreed that the
barangay conducts advocacy and campaigns in preparing residents in time of flood got a
mean of 3.10. Meanwhile a mean 3.08 each is computed for the capability of the
barangay to cope and adjust with different calamities, and to the sustainability of
barangay‘s preparedness to face flood. Generally, with an average weighted mean of 3.23
the respondents fairly agreed that the barangay is somewhat doing its part in terms of
preparedness.
This table will be supported by the statement given by Du, J., & Grieving, S.
(2020) that for the last decade the LGU successfully achieved less to zero casualties as it
gained experiences from previous flash-floods.
Preparedness.
PREPAREDNESS MEAN VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
1. The Barangay is capable to cope and 3.90 Agree
adjust with different challenges and
changes brought by calamities such as
flood.
2. Barangay has advocacy or campaign to 3.76 Agree
prepare its area towards flood.
3. The preparedness of Barangay is enough 4.10 Agree
and sustainable to face natural calamity
such as floods.

4. Media platforms such as Facebook, 4.00 Agree
YouTube etc. are used for preparedness
campaigns and besides media platforms,
there are reading materials such as
5. There are early warning systems or 3.90 Agree
devices that are used to inform the
people of possible floods.
Indicated in Table 1.2.2 is the mean summary of the implementing agency‘s
responses based on the second thematic area which is Preparedness.
Based on the collected data, majority of respondents agreed that the barangay is
prepared enough in facing floods sustainably with a mean of 4.10. Followed by a mean of
4.00 to media platforms are being utilized for campaigns and information dissemination.
Both statements 1 and 5 got a mean of 3.90 with a verbal interpretation of agree which
means that the barangay utilizes early warning systems for information purposes and the
barangay has the capacity to cope up with challenges when flood occurs. While the
lowest mean of 3.76 for the advocacy and campaign while preparing for floods.
The presented data might be supported by the former President the execution of
the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) Four Plan of Action for
Preparedness (4PPAP) this is to impart and enhance the awareness and involvement of
public in measures done under the responsibility of the government to ease the adverse
effect of disaster in the future that was according the study conducted by Robas R. (n.d.).

Table 1.3.1 Mean Summary of the Community’s Responses based on Response.
RESPONSE MEAN VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
1. Barangay is capable of conducting search 3.12 Fairly Agree
and rescue operations before and during
the disaster to decrease possible
casualties.
2. Barangay has the capacity to establish 3.04 Fairly Agree
emergency plan to address the problem
occurs during and after the flood.
3. Early activation or opening of the 3.53 Agree
evacuation centers.
4. Transportation to evacuation centers is 3.12 Fairly Agree
provided and visible during the times of
evacuation.
5. Conducting efficient Relief operations 3.19 Fairly Agree
and distributing basic necessities such as
food, clothes, medicines, water, etc.
As presented in Table 1.3.1, presents responses on the activities under response
with corresponding mean, and verbal interpretation. Results show that majority of the
respondents fairly agreed that there is early activation or opening of evacuation centers
having a mean of 3.53. Succeeded by a fairly agree on the provision and visibility of
transportation units to the evacuation centers with a mean of 3.12. Furthermore, the
respondents fairly agreed that relief operations and distribution of basic needs during
floods is efficiently conducted with a mean of 3.19. The respondents also fairly agreed
that the barangay is capable of conducting search and rescue operations with a mean of
3.12. Despite being the last, respondents still fairly agreed that the barangay has the
capacity to establish emergency plans having a mean of 3.04.

Overall, with an average weighted mean of 3.20 respondents fairly agreed that the
barangay is doing its share in the thematic area of response. The result is connected with
the recommendations of the Associated Programme on Flood Management (2013) the
community must have sufficient physical resources for transportation, early warning
device, evacuation area, basic services, and health facilities.
Response.
RESPONSE MEAN VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
1. Barangay is capable of conducting search 3.90 Agree
and rescue operations before and during
the disaster to decrease possible
casualties.
2. Barangay has the capacity to establish 3.76 Agree
emergency plan to address the problem
occurs during and after the flood.
3. Early activation or opening of the 4.10 Agree
evacuation centers.
4. Transportation to evacuation centers is 4 Agree
provided and visible during the times of
evacuation.
5. Conducting efficient Relief operations 3.90 Agree
and distributing basic necessities such as
food, clothes, medicines, water, etc.
Illustrated in Table 1.3.2 is the implementing agency‘s responses based on
response. According to the results, the respondents agreed that early activation or opening
of evacuation centers takes place in an event of flash flood with the highest mean of 4.10.
Next is the transportation initiatives from and to the evacuation centers had a mean of
4.0. Consequently, the respondents agreed that the barangay is capable of conducting
search and rescue operations and relief operations and distribution of basic needs with a
mean of 3.90 each. Followed by a mean of 3.76 for the barangay‘s capacity to establish
emergency plans in addressing problems.
Generally, with an average weighted mean of 3.93 the respondents agreed to the
barangay‘s initiatives in conducting programs with regards to response.
The data gathered in the response of the implementing agency is in line with the
Republic Act No. 10121, Rule 6 where the Barangay has a direct involvement in
responding in before, during and after floods. This includes early warnings, assessment of
immediate needs, provision of safe shelter for the affected people and suitable amenities.
Table 1.4.1 Mean Summary of the Community’s Responses based on Rehabilitation
and Recovery.
REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY MEAN VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
1. The Barangay can provide livelihood for 2.64 Fairly Agree
affected residents that loss their jobs
because of calamity.
2. Assessment of damages for lives, 2.78 Fairly Agree
property and buildings to provide
assistance for indigent citizens.
3. Barangay is capable for psychological 2.77 Fairly Agree
assistance for people who experiencing
trauma or stress caused by flood.
4. Barangay helps individual to seek 3.04 Fairly Agree

assistance on Local/City Government for
shelter reconstruction.

5. There are improvement and 3.10 Fairly Agree
reorganization of plans for prevention,
reduction and preparedness after the
post-disaster assessment.
Table 1.4.1 presents the assessment of the community‘s responses on
rehabilitation and recovery with the mean and verbal interpretation. As shown in the table
they all fall in the interpretation of fairly agree. First is that there is improvement in
disaster plans after post-disaster assessment with a mean of 3.10. Followed that the
barangay helps individuals in seeking assistance for reconstruction with a mean of 3.04.
Next is that the respondents fairly agreed that the barangay is assessing the damages in
order to provide assistance with a mean of 2.78. With a mean of 2.77 the respondents
fairly agreed that the barangay is capable of providing psychological assistance. Lastly,
with a mean of 2.64, the respondents agree that the barangay can provide livelihood
assistance after floods. In totality, an average weighted mean of 2.87 is the community‘s
response on the rehabilitation and recovery factor.
With the given data, this can be supported and connected with the statement stated
in the NDDRMF, where in on order to achieve the long-term goal for last thematic area
which rehabilitation and recovery there should be a safer, adaptive and disaster resilient
Filipino communities where in they are protected enough from risk of disaster, can cope
with and recover from disastrous events.

Rehabilitation and Recovery.
REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY MEAN VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
1. The Barangay can provide livelihood for 3.62 Agree
affected residents that loss their jobs
because of calamity.
2. Assessment of damages for lives, 3.62 Agree
3. Barangay is capable for psychological 3.57 Agree
assistance for people who experiencing
trauma or stress caused by flood.
4. Barangay helps individual to seek 3.76 Agree
assistance on Local/City Government for
shelter reconstruction.
5. There are improvement and 3.81 Agree
reorganization of plans for prevention,
reduction and preparedness after the post-
disaster assessment.
Table 1.4.2 shows the implementing agency‘s responses based on rehabilitation
and recovery. According to the respondents, they agree that there are improvements and
reorganization of plans after post-disaster assessment with a mean of 3.81. Followed that
they agree as well that the barangay provides assistance for individuals in seeking shelter
reconstruction from the local government with a mean of 3.76. With a mean of 3.62 each,
respondents also agree that the barangay provides livelihood assistance and help after
assessment of damages for indigent families. Lastly, the respondents agree that the

barangay is capable of assisting those who need psychological help with a mean of 3.57.
It is safe to conclude that with the data, an average weighted mean of 3.68 is computed.
With the collected data, based on the NDDRMF, in implementation of policies
and programs must be inclined and outlaid under the Philippine Development Plan these
includes the following; Livelihood and Business Development; Agriculture and Fisheries;
Housing and Settlement; Social services; and Physical Infrastructure.
Presentation of Grand Mean
Table 2: Summary of the Assessment on the Four (4) Thematic Areas of Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management of both Group of Respondents.
THEMATIC AREA CR VI OR VI
PREVENTION AND
MITIGATION 2.98 FAIRLY AGREE 3.75 AGREE
PREPAREDNESS 3.23 FAIRLY AGREE 3.93 AGREE
RESPONSE 3.20 FAIRLY AGREE 3.93 AGREE
REHABILITATION
AND RECOVERY 2.87 FAIRLY AGREE 3.68 AGREE
GRAND MEAN 3.07 FAIRLY AGREE 3.82 AGREE
This table presents the summary of means per group classification. The study
revealed that the two areas with the highest mean from both groups are Preparedness, and
Response. However, it is to be noted that even though these had the highest mean, both
groups gave different interpretation to these areas. The community fairly agreed with an
average weighted mean of 3.23 for the Preparedness activities and a mean of 3.20 for

response activities set by the barangay. On the other hand, the officials from the
implementing agency gave a much higher mean of 3.93 each which interprets that they
agreed to these areas of concerns.
Meanwhile, the least mean from both group classifications differs. The
community‘s lowest is from the thematic area of Rehabilitation and Recovery with an
average weighted mean of 2.87 or fairly agree. Consequently, the official‘s lowest
thematic area is also Rehabilitation and Recovery with a mean of 3.68. As a whole, the
community‘s grand mean is 3.07 with an interpretation of fairly agree and the officials
from the implementing agency had a grand mean of 3.82 or agree.
These results are quite similar with the study of Escobar M. (2021), the highest
means from both group of respondents are both from Preparedness and Response while in
the case of Barangay Tumana, the officer respondents‘ highest mean is Preparedness and
the community‘s highest mean are both Preparedness and Response.

Presentation of T-test
Table 3: T-test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 3.07 3.822916667
Variance 0.0302 0.017134708
Observations 4 4
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
Df 6
t Stat -6.921290138
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000225124
t Critical one-tail 1.943180281
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.000450249
t Critical two-tail 2.446911851
In conducting the Welch‘s t-test, the researchers used Analysis ToolPak from
Microsoft Excel. The statistician alongside with the researchers entered the data values
for the two samples in column A and B along with the headers Sample 1 and Sample 2 in
the first cell of each column. The results of the table presented above shows that the test
statistic is -6.92 while the critical two-tail value is 2.44. Since the absolute value of the
test statistic is not greater than the critical two-tail value, the two-sample means are not
statistically different. The difference in means for these two samples is not statistically
significant at the level of alpha = 0.05. The degrees of freedom is equal to 6 and with a p-
value of the two sided test of 0.00 which is not larger than 0.05 confirms that the two
sample means are not statistically different. The researchers then accept the null
hypothesis of this study that there is no significant difference between the assessment of

the community and the officers of the implementing agency on the level of
implementation of disaster risk reduction management in Barangay Tumana.
Presentation of Difference between Community and Implementing Agency’s
responses
Table 4: Difference between the Community and Implementing Agency’s Assessment
on the Implementation of Disaster Preparedness and Response in Barangay Tumana.
RESPONDENTS MEAN COMPUTED T- TABULAR T- DECISION INTERPRETATION
VALUE VALUE 0.05,
6df
Community 3.07 ACCEPT Not Significant
-6.92 2.44 H0
Officers 3.82 ACCEPT Not Significant
H0
As presented in table 3.2, the researchers used the Welch‘s t-distribution table to
check the tabular t-value or the critical value that corresponds to a two-tailed test with
alpha=0.05 for 6 degrees of freedom. With a t critical value of 2.44, and a computed t-
value of -6.92 and which is not larger than the t critical value, the researchers fail to reject
the null hypothesis of the test. There is no sufficient evidence to say that the means of the
two samples are significantly different.

The researchers then accept the null hypothesis of this study that there is
no significant difference between the assessment of the community and the officers on
the implementations and perceptions of disaster risk reduction and management in terms
of flood control and mitigation in Barangay Tumana. This result is not identical with the
study of Escobar M. (2021), where there is a significant difference between the officer
respondents and teacher respondents. But it is to be noted that the lowest means from the
officers are from the thematic factors of Prevention and Mitigation and Rehabilitation and
Recovery.

Chapter 4
DISCUSSIONS
This research assessed the implementation and perception of disaster risk
reduction and management in terms of flood control and mitigation in Barangay Tumana
based on the community and implementing agency/official responses. The following are
the summary of findings of the research study:
Summary of Findings
1. Assessment on the level of implementation of the Disaster Risk Reduction

Management of Barangay Tumana based on 4 Thematic Factors
1.1 Prevention and Mitigation
Based on the findings of community and officer‘s responses both assess the
barangay DRRM implementation in terms prevention and mitigation. Community and
Officer‘s responses assess if the drainage system is enough to prevent flooding in the
area, they both accumulate lowest mean where in community fairly agree with a mean of
2.83 while officer‘s respondents agree with 3.57. On the other side, the community
respondents fairly agree that the barangay has the ability to decrease potential destruction
caused by flood with the mean of 3.04 as the highest mean in this thematic factor while
officer‘s responses show their highest mean in question that the river dike engineering is
effective to anticipate possible flash flood, they all agree with a mean of 3.90. In this
factor, the community fairly agree with the average weighted mean of 2.98 differently
with the officer‘s respondents that have agree with the average weighted mean of 3.75.
1.2 Preparedness
As a finding regarding the assessment of both community and implementing
agency respondents the two group of respondents accumulate different average weighted
mean the officers has 3.75 and agree that the barangay preparedness is enough while the
community has much lower average weighted mean with 3.23, they all fairly agree that
the preparedness of barangay is enough. The community accumulate the same mean
for different question with a mean of 3.08 referring that the barangay is capable to cope
and adjust with different challenges and changes brought by calamities such as flood, also
referring to the question that the preparedness of barangay is enough and sustainable to
face natural calamity such as floods. With the same questions, the officer‘s responses
accumulate a mean of 3.76 for the first question that is referred above and a mean of 3.79
two another question that have been mentioned. Both group of respondents gives highest
assessment regarding if there are early warning system that are used to inform the people
of possible floods the community has a mean of 3.63 while much higher mean of 3.90 for
implementing officers‘ response.
1.2 Response
As per the data findings for the assessment of the community and officer
respondents on the implementation of disaster risk reduction ang management in terms of
response both assess differently. The officers agree that the barangay is capable of
conducting search and rescue operations before and during the disaster to decrease the
possible casualties with a mean of 3.90, with the same mean they also agree that

barangay is conducting efficient relief operations and distributing basic necessities such
as food, clothes, medicines, water, etc. While their highest mean accumulated in this
factor is 4.10 which they agree that there is early activation or opening of evacuations
centers while with the same question the community respondents agree with their highest
mean of 3.53. This is identically different from other questions which they only fairly
agree with much lower mean. The community has their lowest mean of 3.04 and fairly
agree that the barangay has capacity to establish emergency plan to address the problem
occurs during and after the flood. Based on collected data the community has the average
weighted mean of 3.20 fairly agree that the response of barangay on calamity is enough.
While much higher mean of .93 for the officers‘ responses and they all agree that the
response of barangay is enough.
1.4 Rehabilitation and Recovery
As per the data findings for the assessment of the community and officers in term
of this factor there are improvements in disaster plans after post-disaster assessment with
community respondents fairly agree with the highest mean of 3.10 and highest mean
collected from the officers‘ responses with a mean of 3.81. The community fairly agree
that the barangay can provide a livelihood for affected residents that loss their jobs
because of calamity with the lowest mean for this factor 2.64 followed by the second
lowest mean of 2.77 the community fairly agree that barangay is capable for
psychological assistance for the affected residents. Moreover, the officers agree with
these two question that barangay can provide livelihood program and barangay do the
assessment of damages for lives, property and buildings to provide assistance for indigent

residents each has 3.62. With the collected data from both group of respondents they have
different average weighted mean community having 2.87 mean much lower than the 3.68
mean of officers responses.
2. Summary of the Assessment on the Four (4) Thematic Areas of Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management of both Group of Respondents.
As per the collected data for 4 thematic area of DRRM, the Preparedness and
Response has the highest mean from the responses of officer respondents with both 3.93
they all agree that barangay works enough in terms with these two factors while
community fairly agree that the barangay is prepared enough with the mean of 3.23 and
fairly agree that the response is enough.
Although based on the findings even they have the same highest mean for two
factors the responses, the two least mean from both group of respondents differs.
Community fairly agrees that barangay Prevention and Mitigation as well as
Rehabilitation and Recovery is enough with 2.98 and 2.87 as their mean. On the other
side, the officers agree with the mean of 3.75 that barangay Prevention and Mitigation is
enough while they also agree that the level of Rehabilitation and Recovery is enough with
the mean of 3.68. in totality the community has 3.07 grand mean while officers‘ response
has 3.82.
3. T-test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Based on the findings, the researchers decided to accept the null hypothesis of this
study that there is no significant difference between the assessment of the community and
the officers of the implementing agency on the level of implementation of disaster risk

reduction management in Barangay Tumana, this was be done by entering the data values
in column A and B for two different samples named as Sample 1 and Sample 2 in the first
cell of each column. As per the computation, it shows that the test statistic is -6.92 while
having the critical value of 2.44. The researchers found out that the test statistic is much
lesser than the critical two-tail value, the computed data shows that the two sample were
statistically different. With the level of alpha = 0.05, the difference in means of the two
samples is not statistically significant. As the researcher used the degrees of freedom that
is equal to 6 and with p-value of the two-sided test of 0.00 which probably not greater
than 0.05 the two samples are not statistically significant.
Difference between the Community and Implementing Agency’s Assessment
on the Implementation of Disaster Preparedness and Response in Barangay
Tumana.
The researchers decided to accept the null hypothesis and reject alternative
hypothesis. By using Welch‘s t-distribution table to check the t-value or the critical value
that corresponds to a two-tailed test with level of alpha = 0.05 for 6 degrees of freedom.
As the computation done, the computed data shows t-critical value of 2.44 and computed
t-value of-6.92 which is not greater nor larger than the critical value. By the given
computed data, the researchers therefore accept that there is no significant difference
between the samples form the assessment of community and implementing agency.
Conclusion
1. Based on the community assessment they fairly agreed that the barangay has
practiced the prevention and mitigation activities for disaster risk while on the
other hand official or implementing agency responses predominantly agreed with
this matter.
2. According to the computed weighted mean of community respondents as they
assess the set of questions regarding the Preparedness of barangay, they are fairly
agreed that there‘s is enough preparation conducted and outlaid for disaster risk
reduction contrastingly with the interpretation of weighted mean for the
assessment of implementing agency wherein they have agree.
3. As per the collected data for Response, the community responded that they have
fairly agreed that the response of the barangay during disaster such as flood is
enough while the implementing agency responded that they agreed with the
response of barangay are enough during the occurrence of floods in the locale.
4. In terms of the last thematic factor patterned from the framework which is the
Rehabilitation and Recovery the community have accumulated a weighted mean
which can be interpreted as fairly agreed that the activities are enough and
suitable to address necessities brought of post-disaster while according to the
implementing agency respondents that have agreed that there‘s enough activities,
plans and execution of this factors aftermath the flood.
5. In conclusion, from the four thematic areas answered and assessed by community
and implementing agency respondents the lowest mean is rehabilitation and
recovery.
6. Based on the findings the implementing agency responses accumulated much
higher grand mean than the responses that came from the community
respondents.

Recommendations
Based on the conducted research by the researchers they have come up with the
recommendations in line with the issues that have been found, the researchers hereby
recommend the following:
1. Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office of Tumana
 Prevention and Mitigation
 Establish a stronger collaboration with the city government and MMDA to create
a plan and programs for the continuous declogging of canals, drainage and
sewerage systems to avoid drainage blockage that can cause spill-over and
flooding.
 Generate a platform that informs residents for on-going and future river dike
engineering programs.
 The barangay should encourage peoples‘ participation to effectively implement
policies on DRRM.
 Create systematic plans, programs and activities that will educate the
communities on environmental awareness such as tree planting, proper waste
management and other environmental activities that will help the community to
be more responsible and to reduce the possible impact of floods within the city.
 Preparedness
 Conduct more training, seminars, and drills to the community about disaster risk
reduction while using online and face-to-face platforms to reach more residents.
 Information dissemination through social media platforms, leaflets, journals, and
caricature are significant.
 The implementing agency should improve their ability to conduct search and
rescue and operation through specialized training and seminars for them to be
equipped and to lessen the possible casualties.
 The barangay should adhere to the provisions of the law regarding DRRM to
prevent loss of life and property.
 The barangay should always have contingency plans, evacuation plans, and
recovery plans to properly respond to flood disasters. These plans should be
cascaded to residents through the homeowners association.
 Response
 The barangay should prioritize DRRM activities in its area to effectively manage
flood disasters.
 Purchase appropriate equipment based on their specific needs which will be used
for search and rescue operations such as motor/rubber boats, life vest, additional
rope, paddle, first aid kit etc.
 Rehabilitation and Recovery
 The barangay must partner with educational institutions and/or non-government
organizations with psycho-social expertise for support to those affected or might
go through trauma when disasters occur.
 For the barangay to assess and evaluate their programs every post-disaster and
yearly with residents and quarterly with the implementing agency and local
government counterpart.

 The barangay must identify greatly affected homes and assess their recovery for
the next 3 months. Through this practice, barangay officials can help the affected
families in availing help through several private and public institutions.
2. City Government of Marikina
 The CDRRMO must conduct a quarterly assessment and evaluation for the
BDRRMC for their plans and projects including expenditures for their
development and innovation.
 The local government unit of Marikina must cascade existing policies on Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management and make implementing rules and regulations
more detailed, specific, and inclusive for barangays and its residents.
 For the local government to establish a standard performance and effectiveness
measurement on DRRM per thematic areas specifically to the barangays.
 Pass a local ordinance to support every Barangay in establishing a Community-
Based approach on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management.
3. PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA
The researchers recommend that the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina
engage with the community of Barangay Tumana to be their adopted community.
With the expertise and aptitude of the university‘s resources and manpower, both the
Barangay and PLMar will benefit from it. Through the Adopt-A-Community
Framework, PLMar with its faculty and students is expected to work hand-in-hand
with the Barangay Tumana for its community enrichment programs towards a
sustainable action plan on flood management and control. The university must

conduct seminars, workshops, and learning initiatives on flood management through
its National Service Training Program (NSTP) and Reserve Officers‘ Training Corps
(ROTC).
University’s National Service Training Program
 The university‘s NSTP must conduct different seminars on disaster risk reduction
management in strategic villages in the barangay to expound the knowledge on
flood disasters. The aim of these seminars is to strengthen and prepare the
community on possible scenarios. These seminars must be in line with the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan.
College of Criminology and University’s Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
and Department
 The College of Criminology and its ROTC leg is expected to offer its students
professional and advanced scientific education on disaster management. Students
are then expected to conduct these training sessions with the community of
Barangay Tumana to enhance civic consciousness and preparedness. The training
sessions must enhance the youth of Tumana as potential community leaders and
volunteers during disaster response.
University’s Guidance Office
 The researchers recommend that the PLMar‘s Guidance Office must extend its
expertise and professional help to the community of Barangay Tumana for

psycho-social help for those who may experience trauma. Through this initiative,
the thematic area of Rehabilitation and Recovery may be mitigated and
psychological hardships will be eliminated or minimized.
4. Respondents
 The respondents or the community itself must engage and actively participate in
the planning, decision-making, and implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management initiatives.
 For the community, work with the authority and engage themselves for the
improvement, development and enhancement of disaster risk reduction which can
be beneficial for both parties.
5. Future Researchers
 For future researchers with the same topic, the researchers are advising to increase
the number of respondents to further quantify a much wider range of results.
 Conduct study and surveys on the point of views of the citizens and officers to
gauge effectiveness of the barangay on implementing DRRM.
 Look at other outlying factors that might affect the performance of the barangay
and derive a different checklist or questionnaire.

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APPENDIX A. (REQUEST LETTER: BARANGAY EXECUTIVE)
College of Arts, Sciences, Education, and Criminology
October 4, 2021
HON. ZIFFRED A. ANCHETA

Barangay Captain
Brgy. Tumana, Marikina City
Metro Manila
Dear Z. Ancheta,
Greetings of Peace!
We, the researchers from the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina are conducting a research study
entitled, Assessment on the Implementation and Perception of Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management in terms of Flood Control and Mitigation in Barangay Tumana: Inputs for the
Development of Sustainable Action Plan as a course requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in
Public Administration.
In connection with this, we would like to request from your good office to allow us to conduct our study to
98 residents of your Barangay. Rest assured that the data gathering will be made virtually through several
media platforms like Google Forms, Facebook, Messenger and etc.in line with the protocols against
COVID-19. Data gathered will be strictly for research purposes only and will be kept with utmost
confidentiality.
We look forward to your favorable action in this regard.
Sincerely,
Noted by: Approved by:
Dr. ALDRIN G. JADAONE HON. ZIFFRED A. ANCHETA

Adviser Barangay Captain

APPENDIX B. (REQUEST LETTER: SURVEY VALIDATOR)
October __, 2021
MR. DAVE DAVID

Chief Rescue 161
Justice Hall Bldg., Jacamar St.,
Sta. Elena, Marikina City
Marikina City
Dear Mr. Dave David,
Greetings of Peace!
Development of Sustainable Action Plan as a course requirement for the degree of Bachelor of
Arts in
In connection with this, we are humbly asking your permission to validate our own formulated survey
questionnaire using the attached criteria for survey questionnaire validation.
We are looking forward to your positive response!
Sincerely,
Dr. ALDRIN G. JADAONE

Adviser


October __, 2021
MICHELLE CARLOS
Professor
Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College
Marikina City
Dear Mrs. Michelle Carlos,
Greetings of Peace!
Development of Sustainable Action Plan as a course requirement for the degree of Bachelor of
Arts in
In connection with this, we are humbly asking your permission to validate our own formulated survey
questionnaire using the attached criteria for survey questionnaire validation.
We are looking forward to your positive response!
Sincerely,
Dr. ALDRIN G. JADAONE Michelle Carlos

Adviser Professor

APPENDIX C. SURVEY INSTRUMENT
PRIVACY AGREEMENT AND LETTER OF REQUEST
Dear Respondent,
Greetings of Peace!
We, the researchers from the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina are conducting a
research study entitled, Assessment on the Implementation and Perception of Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management in terms of Flood Control and Mitigation in Barangay
Tumana: Inputs for the Development of Sustainable Action Plan as a course requirement
for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Public Administration.
We are already in the process of gathering data through surveys that will be used in our
study. However, we would like to ask for your participation. By answering our survey
questionnaire, you have taken part of a study that will give emphasis on the importance of
our rights. Rest assured that your identity and insights will be treated with respect and
utmost confidentiality. Through this data we would be able to properly quantify our
sample for our study. We would greatly appreciate your consent at our request.
Thank you for your time and positive action!
Sincerely,
THE RESEARCHERS
NOTED BY:
Dr. ALDRIN G. JADAONE

Adviser

SURVEY INSTRUMENT
DIRECTION: The respondents were asked to choose from the choices next to each
statement that may or may not apply to them, choices of answers include the
following:
(PANUTO: Ilahad ang lebel ng iyong pag sang-ayon o hindi pagsang-ayon sa mga
sumusunod na pahayag sa paglalagay ng tsek (/) sa napiling numero.)
What is the assessment on the

implementation and perception of
disaster risk reduction and 5 4 3 2 1
management in terms of flood
control and mitigation in Barangay Strongly Disagree Fairly Strongly
Agree
Tumana on the following: Disagree Agree Agree
PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
1. Ang Barangay ay may abilidad

na pababain ang potensyal/tyansa
ng pagkawasak dulot ng baha.
Barangay has the ability to

decrease potential destruction
caused by floods.
2. Ang mga plano at programa sa

pag iwas sa pagbaha ay epektibo.
Flood prevention plans or

programs are effective.
3. Mayroong sapat na
imprastraktura na tumutulong
maiwasan ang pagbaha
There is enough infrastructure that

helps to prevent flooding.
4. Ang sistema ng paagusan/kanal

ay sapat upang maiwasan ang
mabilisang pagbaha sa mga
lansangan at kalsada pagkawasak
dulot ng baha.
The drainage system is enough to

prevent rapid flooding in streets
and roads..
5. Mabisa at mahusay ang

konstruksyon sa dike ng ilog upang
maagapan ang posibilidad ng
pagbaha
The river dike engineering is

effective and efficient to anticipate
possible flash floods.
II. PREPAREDNESS
1. Ang Barangay ay may

kakayahang umayon at sumabay sa
pagbabago dulot ng mga
kalamidad tulad ng pagbaha
The Barangay is capable to cope

and adjust with different
challenges and changes brought by
calamities such as flood.
2. Ang barangay ay mayroong

adbokasiya o kampanya upang
ihanda ang nasasakupan nito sa
pagbaha.
Barangay has advocacy or

campaign to prepare its area
towards flood.
3. Ang kahandaan ng Barangay ay

sapat at napapanatili upang harapin
ng mga natural na kalamidad tulad
ng pagbaha
The preparedness of Barangay is

enough and sustainable to face
natural calamity such as floods.
4. Ang media platforms tulad ng

facebook, youtube at iba pa ay
ginagamit sa kampanya ng
kahandaan at bukod sa media
platforms may mga babasahin
tulad ng brochures at mga flyers na
ginagamit sa kampanya.
Media platforms such as facebook,

youtube etc. are used for
preparedness campaigns and
besides media platforms, there are
reading materials such as
5. May mga early warning system

o device na ginagamit para
abisuhan ang mga mamamayan sa
posibilidad ng pagbaha
There are early warning systems

or devices that are used to inform
the people of possible floods.
III. RESPONSE

1. May kakayahang magsagawa ng
Search and Rescue operations ang
Barangay bago at sa oras ng
kalamidad upang mabawasan ang
posibilidad ng pagka sawi.
Barangay is capable of conducting

Search and Rescue operations
before and during the disaster to
decrease possible casualties.
2. May kakayahan ang Barangay

na makabuo ng mabilisang plano
na tutugon sa mga problema nabuo
habang at pagkatapos ng baha.
Barangay has the capacity to

established emergency plan to
address the problem occurs during
and after flood.
3. Maagang Pagbubukas ng mga

Evacuation Centers
Early activation or Opening of the

Evacuation centers
4. Ang transportasyon ay
ibinibigay at nakikita sa oras ng
paglikas
Transportation to evacuation
centers are provided and visible
during the times of evacuation.
5. Pagsasagawa ng agarang Relief

operations at pamamahagi ng
pangunahing pangangailangan
gaya ng pagkain, damit, gamot,
tubig at iba pa.
Conducting efficient Relief

operations and distributing basic
necessities such as food, clothes,
medicines,water, etc.

IV. REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY
1. Ang Barangay ay kayang

magbigay ng kabuhayan para sa
mga apektadong residente dulot ng
kalamidad.
The Barangay can provide

livelihood for affected residents that
loss their jobs because of calamity.
2. Pagtatasa o pag alam ng mga

pinsala sa buhay, ari-arian at mga
gusali para makapagbigay ng
tulong sa mga tao lalo na sa
mahihirap
Assessment of damages for lives,

3. Ang Barangay ay may

kakayahang magbigay ng tulong
pangkaisipan (mental) sa mga
taong nakaranas ng tanong at
pangamba dulot ng baha
Barangay is capable for

psychological assistance for
people who experiencing trauma
or stress caused by flood
4. Ang Barangay ay tinutulungan

ang mga tao na makalapit sa lokal
na pamahalaan upang humingi ng
tulong sa pagpapaayos ng nasirang
bahay.
Barangay helps individual to seek

assistance on Local/City
Government for shelter
reconstruction.
5. May mga pagpapaunlad at

pagbabago ng plano para sa pag

iwas, pagbawas at kahandaan
matapos ang pagtatasa sa nagdaang
sakuna.
There are Improvement and

reorganization of plans for
prevention, reduction and
preparedness after the post-
disaster assessment.

APPENDIX D. (LETTER FOR PANEL)


APPENDIX E (RESEARCHERS PROFILE)
Jolo C. Abrenica
Address: Blk. 30 Ampalaya St., Barangay Tumana Marikina City Metro Manila
Contact Information: 09197394482/ jolo.abrenica07@gmail.com
Birthdate: July 29, 1999
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
 Cook/Service Crew, Kentucky Fried Chicken — (May 2019 – June 2019)
 Waiter, Preciouse Catering — (September 2021 - present)
EDUCATION AND AWARDS

 Pamantasan Ng Lungsod ng Marikina, Marikina City — 3rd Year Bachelor of
Arts in Public Administration (Present)
- Dean’s List, 2nd Semester 2019-2020
- Dean’s List, 1st Semester 2019-2020
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina, Marikina City NCR — Senior High
School, Academic Track: Humanities and Social Sciences (2016 - 2018)
 Concepcion Integrated School Secondary Level, Concepcion uno Marikina
City — Junior High School (2012-2016)
MEMBERSHIP AND AFFILIATIONS

 Junior Philippine Society for Public Administration — Member (Present)
 Public Administration Students’ Association
Peace in Order Officer (2019 - 2021)
Public Information Officer (2021 - present)
 Outreach Program for Fire Victims in Malanday — Volunteer (2018)
TRAININGS AND SEMINARS ATTENDED
 DILG Millennial Youth for Constitutional Reform: Role of the Youth In

Nation-Building, 2019
 BANTAY BOTO 2019 SULONG: A SENATORIAL FORUM, 2019
 PA-ALAM: Responsiveness through Intervention, 2019
 DAKILA 2019: Kinaadman at Husay ng Makabagong Lingkod Bayan sa
Mapanghamong Panahon
 Kamulatan 2019: Omnis Oculus Aperta
 PASILIP: A Glimpse of Public Administration, 2018
 SINAG 2018: CASTING NEW GLIMMER OF HOPE THROUGH PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION, 2018
Address: #10-G Magat Salamat St, Concepcion Dos, Marikina City
Contact Information: 09050767421/ barrandacatherene@gmail.com
Birthdate: April 24, 2000

● Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina, Marikina City — 3rd Year Bachelor of
● Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina, Marikina City — Senior High School (2018)
● Marikina High School, Marikina City —Junior High School (2016)
● Concepcion Elementary School, Marikina City (2012)

• Marikina City Health Office – Peer Educator for Adolescents
• Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina – Admission Office (Voluntary Staff)

● PASILIP: A Glimpse of Public Administration, 2018
● SINAG 2018: CASTING NEW GLIMMER OF HOPE THROUGH PUBLIC
● DAKILA 2019: Kinaadman at Husay ng Makabagong Lingkod Bayan sa
● Kamulatan 2019: Omnis Oculus Aperta


Address: 7 Marikit Street Barangay Nangka Marikina City Metro Manila
Contact Information: 0916-456-2549/ jjcdeguzman11@gmail.com
Birthdate: December 20, 1999
 Junior Associate, English Development Pro Asia Inc. — (February 2021 - Present)
 Sales Associate, Harvester Corporate — (September 2020 - February 2021)

 Pamantasan Ng Lungsod ng Marikina, Marikina City — 3rd Year Bachelor of
- President’s List, 1st Semester 2018-2019 & 1st Semester 2019-2020
- Dean’s List, 2nd Semester 2019-2020 & 2nd Semester 2018-2019
 Don Bosco Academy, Mabalacat City Pampanga — Senior High School,
Academic Track: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (2016 - 2018)
- Distinction in Research, 2018
- Best Capstone Project, 2018
- Representative, Mabalacat City Schools Press Conference (MCSPC) 2018
- 2nd Place Desktop Publishing, MCSPC 2018
- Representative,1st Don Bosco Press Conference 2017
 Don Bosco Academy, Mabalacat City Pampanga — Junior High School
- Representative, University of the Philippines Aguman‘s Sining Essay Writing in
Filipino 2016
- Conduct Awardee, 2015

 Public Administration Students’ Association — Public Information Officer
(2019 - 2021)
 Rescue Kabataan — Volunteer (2018 - Present)
 #NotAlone Movement — Volunteer (2019 - Present)
 SIUALA/WRITER’S GUILD — Feature Writer (2015 - 2018)
RESEARCH EXPERIENCE
RESEARCH STUDY, Senior High School Department — Don Bosco Academy

(November 2017 - April 2018)
 Improving The Anthropometric Measurements Among Children in Mabiga
Elementary School Through A Deeper Understanding of Their Socioeconomic
Standing.

Christopher O. Moya
Address: #52 Jocson St. Purok 1 Malanday Marikina City
Contact Information: 09272754290/christophermoys19@gmail.com
Birthdate: December 19, 1995

 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina, Marikina City — 3rd Year Bachelor of
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina, Marikina City — Bachelor of Science in
Criminology Undergraduate (2010-2011)
 Malanday National High School, Marikina City — (2012)

 Public Administration Students’ Association — Member (Present)
 Jesus Is Lord Church, Malanday — Musician (Present)
 DILG Millennial Youth for Constitutional Reform: Role of the Youth In

Nation-Building, 2019
 BANTAY BOTO 2019 SULONG: A SENATORIAL FORUM, 2019
 PAALAM: Responsiveness through Intervention, 2019


Address: #297-A JP Rizal St. San Roque, Marikina City
Contact Information: 09755459135/rujosanchez27@yahoo.com
Birthdate: August 27, 1986
 Sales Marketing Assistant, Novellino Wines — (2014 - Present)
- Outstanding Performance as SMA (2015, 2018, 2019, 2020)
 Merchandiser, Getz Bros. Philippines Incorporated — (2011-2014)
- Best Merchandiser (2012 and 2013)

 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina, Marikina City — 3rd Year Bachelor of
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina, Marikina City — Diploma in
Caregiving (2005)
 Sta. Elena High School, Marikina City — 2003
 Kapitan Moy Elementary School, Marikina City — 1999

 Public Administration Students’ Association — Member (Present)
 Kabalikat ng Pilipino, Marikina — Local Chapter President (2021-Present)
 Kapitan Moy E.S Alumni Batch 1999 — Acting President (2019-Present)


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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA

ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND PERCEPTION OF

A Thesis presented to the

Department of Public Administration and

The College of Arts, Sciences, Education and Criminology

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Arts in Public Administration

James Joshua C. De Guzman

Rupert John V. Sanchez

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

group of respondents is Rehabilitation and Recovery.

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

This thesis entitled: ―ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND

prepared and submitted by:

ALDRIN G. JADAONE, EdD

PROF. REY P. DANIEL, MPA PROF. ROMEO RIVERA,MPA

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

researchers, would like to acknowledge the assistance of our Thesis Coordinator,

particularly to the following:

has set the tone for the rest of the study.

Prof. Rodelio Manuel for constantly encouraging us to finish strong. His

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

belongs to Him, forever.

To our dearest Thesis Coordinator Professor Dr. Aldrin Jadaone for

unconditional guidance, wisdom, teaching and love to impart his knowledge.

become stronger than ever before.

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Review of Related Literature Studies……………………………………………………3

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………….20

Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………….21

Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………………………...22

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

Chapter 2: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Respondents and Sampling Technique…………………………………………………25

Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………………….27

Presentation of Grand Mean…………………………………………………………….44

Presentation of Difference Between Community and

Implementing Agency‘s Responses……………………………………………………...47

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

Appendix A (Request Letter: Barangay Executive) ……………………………………64

Appendix B (Request Letter: Survey Validator) ……………………………………….65

Appendix C (Survey Instrument) ………………………………………………………67

Appendix D (Letter for Guest Panel) …………………………………………………..74

Appendix E (Researchers Profile)………………………………………………………76

Table A: 5-Point Likert Scale Range of Values and Interpretation……………………...30

Table 1.1.1: Community‘s Responses Based on Prevention and Mitigation…………….33

Table 1.1.2: Implementing Agency‘s Responses Based on Prevention and Mitigation…34

Table 1.2.1: Community‘s Responses Based on Preparedness………………………….36

Table 1.2.2: Implementing Agency‘s Responses Based on Preparedness……………….37

Table 1.3.1: Community‘s Responses Based on Response……………………………...39

Table 1.3.2: Implementing Agency‘s Responses Based on Response………………….40

Table 1.4.1: Community‘s Responses Based on Recovery and Rehabilitation…………41

Table 1.4.2: Implementing Agency‘s Responses Based on

Recovery and Rehabilitation…………………………………………………………….43

Table 2: Summary of the Assessment on

the Four (4) Thematic Areas…………………………………………………………….44

Table 3: T-test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances…………………………..46

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY

Implementing Agency‘s Assessment…………………………………………………...47

Figure 1: National Risk Reduction and Management Framework……………………...17

Figure 2: Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………….19

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE EDUCATION AND CRIMINOLOGY