Lived Experiences of Police Officers in Apprehending Young Drug Users in Calamba City - Docx Ready 1

University of Perpetual Help System-DALTA
Calamba Campus
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Lived Experiences of Police Officers in Apprehending
Young Drug Users in Calamba City
GROUP 3
PANGHULAN RALP N
GARCIA LAURENCE T
COMIA KING LEUIS S
2022
Calamba Campus
Table
of Contents
Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem (Central and Corollary Questions)
Scope and Limitations of the Study
Significance of the Study
Research Framework
Theoretical Framework
Definition of Terms
Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Chapter III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Selection Criteria and Participants of the Study
Research Instrument
Research Procedure
Data Analysis
Methods of Validation
Ethical Considerations
Chapter IV Findings and Discussion
Chapter V Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation

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Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
A young juvenile offender's first point of interaction with the juvenile
justice system is with a police officer. The type and circumstances of this police
encounter are likely to be substantial and have a long-lasting impact on a young
person. Children and adolescents are involved in a wide range of criminal
offenses, from minor infractions to more serious crimes, and they pose unique
issues in the capacity of policing. Because a young person's first interaction with
a police officer shapes their thoughts and attitudes about law enforcement, the
police role is regarded especially crucial for juveniles. Juvenile criminals commit
a disproportionately high number of crimes in comparison to their fraction of the
population, posing a unique problem for law enforcement. As a matter of fact,
since the start of the Philippine National Police's anti-illegal drugs operation,
Project Tokhang, in 2016, and the parallel intensification of the Barangay Drug-
Clearing Operations, the surrenders have been under the age of 18 (Dangerous
Drug Board, 2019)
Juveniles are less predictable than adults and frequently show a lack of regard
for officers' authority. Many children and adolescents are immature,

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making them
more sensitive to the dares of their classmates, and they frequently participate in
deviant behavior when in the presence of their peers. While loitering at night,
many teenagers see the police officer on patrol as a challenge to evade detection
and confrontation, rather than a deterrent to delinquent behavior or indulging in
petty mischief, property destruction, and vandalism, as well as more serious
offenses such as theft and assaults.
In the criminal justice system, police officers are the most visible officials.
They educate citizens about the legal system. This can include anything from
obtaining a criminal report from a victim or witness to issuing a traffic citation to
interviewing or arresting a suspect in a misdemeanor or felony incident. Police
officers are responsible for preventing crime and enforcing the law. They've been
given the power to make arrests and use reasonable bodily force as necessary
essential, as well as detaining those accused of crimes. Police officers are
entrusted with a significant level of responsibility, but they are also held to a high
standard.
Police are supposed to maintain public order and safety, to prevent crimes
from occurring, to locate and apprehend offenders when they do, and to conduct
a variety of law enforcement responsibilities without infringing on
constitutional rights. Traditional police patrols, in reality, do little to deter crime.

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The
majority of the time, police respond to citizen calls, report to crime scenes,
conduct investigations, and trace and apprehend perpetrators after a crime has
occurred. Police officers' jobs are made considerably more difficult by the fact
that they are called upon to provide services other than law enforcement.
Police officers' traditional law enforcement function is to detect and
investigate crimes, as well as apprehend those who perpetrate them. Regular
police patrols, as well as responding to victim complaints and witness testimony,
are used to try to discover crimes. The conventional law enforcement position
places officers in the public eye as they "guard and serve."
In police crimes like drug dealing, gambling, and prostitution, where there
are no witnesses or clearly identified victims, there are certain added obstacles.
To enforce laws against so-called "victimless" crimes (or, more accurately,
"consensual" crimes, because those involved are voluntary participants), police
work as undercover officers to locate and arrest criminals. The enforcement of
traffic regulations and parking offences is part of the law enforcement duty, and it
is here that officers have the most contact with the general people. To complete
their law enforcement job and ensure that suspects are brought to trial, police
conduct suspect interrogation and physical evidence collecting at a crime scene,
as well as the presentation of evidence in court.

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Background of the Study
Section 2 (1-2) of RA No. 9165 otherwise known as the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 states that it is the state's policy to protect the
integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizens, particularly the youth,
from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-
being, as well as to defend these interests against acts or omissions that would
jeopardize their development and preservation. Given the foregoing, the State
must improve the effectiveness of the law against harmful substances, which is
one of today's most important social evils. To that aim, the government will wage
a relentless and intensive battle against the trafficking and use of hazardous
drugs and other related substances by implementing an integrated system of
anti-drug misuse policies, programs, and initiatives. The government, on the
other hand, must strive for a balance in the national drug control program so that
persons with valid medical needs are not denied access to reasonable amounts
of acceptable medication. pharmaceuticals, which may entail the use of
potentially harmful drugs.
When Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte took office on June 30,
2016, his administration initiated an extraordinary anti-drug campaign. He
promised to address the country's illegal drug problem, which he claimed was
causing havoc on the lives of many Filipino families and damaging the future of
Filipino youngsters. He proclaimed a "war on drugs," targeting users, peddlers,

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producers, and suppliers and urged the Philippine criminal justice system to
resolve the drug epidemic (Simbulan, et. al, 2019)
According to the Dangerous Drugs Board (2019), the government agency
in charge of developing policies on illegal drugs in the Philippines, there are 1.8
million active drug users and 4.8 million people who have used illegal drugs at
least once in their lifetimes. Over three-quarters of drug users are adults (91%)
and males (87%) who have completed high school (80 percent). Over two-thirds
(67%) of the population are employed. In the Philippines, shabu, or "poor man's
cocaine," is the most often used methamphetamine derivative. According to a
2012 United Nations report, the Philippines has the highest rate of
methamphetamine consumption among East Asian countries; approximately 2.2
percent of Filipinos aged 16–64 years used methamphetamines.
In the Philippines, the drug problem has generally been considered as a
matter of law enforcement and criminality, and the government has focused on
enforcing a policy of criminalization and punishment. This is evident by the fact
that, from the beginning of the "war on drugs," the Duterte administration
has used punitive measures and mobilized the Philippine National Police (PNP)
and local government units around the country. Law enforcement agents have
conducted significant door-to-door operations on orders from the President. In
August 2017, one such operation in Manila attempted to "shock and awe"
narcotics dealers and resulted in the deaths of 32 persons by police in one night
(Simbulan, et. al, 2019).

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Project Tokhang produced a considerable number of surrenderers who
were suspected or admitted to being users and/or pushers of illegal substances
in their communities, and around 27,000 of these surrenderers were under the
age of 18. A large number of children "surrenderers" caused confusion,
challenges, and questions among those charged with carrying out the anti-illegal
drugs campaign on how to apply or interpret the numerous guidelines and
regulations issued by various government agencies, which were designed
primarily for adult surrenderers rather than minors (Board Regulation No. 6, s.
2019). In this regard protocols in handling children involved in illegal drugs
especially in light of the State policy
to safeguard the well-being of its citizenry, particularly the youth, from the harmful
effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being.
Furthermore, the policy will regulate the treatment of any youngster who
comes into contact with a person in authority as a result of, or in connection with,
the national government's or any local government unit's anti-illegal drugs
campaign. Law enforcement officers, local government officials, and any other
government figure involved in the government's anti-drug campaign are
examples of persons in authority.
Even as drug usage, particularly methamphetamine, continues to climb in
the Philippines, a brutal 'war on drugs' is conducted. By providing data from an
ethnography among marginalized young males, this study provides context for
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the
current situation and investigates how long-running law enforcement techniques
in
the Philippines may be regarded by those on the receiving end. Thus, it is
consequential to also see and understand how law enforcers handle young drug
users by looking onto the point of view of police officers.
Theoretical Framework
This research is based on the following ideas and notions. The concept of
governmentality, as defined by Michel Foucault, is the first. This notion deals with
the relationship between external governing authority, such as the family or the
church, and one's own self-government. Governmentality is concerned with
government concerns and how to govern in order to ensure the population's well-
being. As a result, because it enables open-ended assessments of government
activities in specific domains, it provides a useful framework for assessing how
drugs and drug users are problematized and managed (Garland 1997).
Problematization is an important aspect of governmentality because it allows for
a better understanding of how power and government interact. It has to do with
the exercise of authority and is in line with authorities' goals, which are in line
with governmental rationalities (Rose and Miller 1992). The rationalities of
government are systems of thinking about government in terms of practices,
such as the activities of government, who can govern and who is governed
(Gordon 1991). These are supported by governmental technologies that are

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designed to observe, regulate, monitor and shape the behaviors of individuals
within social and economic institutions to facilitate governmental ambitions
(Gordon 1991; Rose and Miller 1992).
Another theory which this present study anchored in is the Sub-cultural
Theory of Cohen. According to Cohen's sub-cultural theory, crime is the result of
young people joining so-called subcultures where deviant values and moral
notions predominate. The sub-cultural theory quickly rose to prominence as the
main theory of the day. Cohen's main premise is that the majority of adolescent
criminals belong to delinquent subcultures. Subcultures are societal subsystems
or antisystem with their own attitudes and standards that frequently contradict
majority society's moral notions. According to Cohen, the fusion of young people
into subcultures is the outcome of its members' adjustment and status
problems, which are produced by the existing class society's inequalities.
The Theory of Differential Opportunity of Coward and Ohlin (1960) is also
used in this study. They believe that in order to comprehend the various forms of
delinquent and eventually criminal activity, we must study the various types of
illegitimate chances available to individuals seeking a route out of poverty, as
well as where these opportunities lead. Sub-cultural responses vary depending
on the type of community context. According to Cloward and Ohlin, there are
three types of responses that predominate, each of which leads to its own
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subculture: a stable criminal subculture, a conflict subculture, and a retreatism
subculture. As
its name implies, the stable criminal subculture provides the most
promising (but still illegitimate) opportunities for upward economic mobility. Only
when there is some cooperation between people in legitimate and illegitimate
roles—for example, between politicians or police and the underworld—can this
subculture arise. One imagines an old-school political machine, with preferential
treatment for certain forms of unlawful activity. Only under such conditions can
stable patterns emerge, enabling for development from the adolescent to adult
levels of the criminal underworld. When legitimate and illegitimate opportunity
structures are linked in this way, the streets become safer for crime, and
prospective criminals can find solid upward-mobility channels.
Research Framework
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Figure 1:
Research Paradigm
The structure and concepts of phenomenological research can be better
understood by looking at this graphic presentation, which shows an example
study. The researchers take the lived experiences of the police officers in
apprehending young drug users as the object of the phenomenon in the study.
As a result, through their testimonies during the study, the example framework
can give a complete view how police officers apprehend young drug users in
general.
The three completed phases are depicted in the picture, but each chapter
of this study will provide a diagrammatic portrayal of the story as it develops.
Figure 1 depicts a phenomenological research study path. The first chapter of the
study describes the researchers’ journey as well as the context to the
phenomenon of interest.
Statement of the Problem

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This
study will be conducted to explain the experiences of Police Officers in Calamba
City in apprehending young drug users?
Central Question:
What is the essence of the lived experiences of police officers in
apprehending young drug users in Calamba City?
Corollary Questions:
1. How do participants describe their encounters with young drug users in
their buy-bust operations?
2. What are the reasons of young offenders in engaging in drugs as
perceived by the police officers
3. What are the emerging themes from the testimonies of the participants?
Significance of the Study

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Studying the challenges faced by police officers in drug-related work
provides the following benefits: In the case of the PNP, awareness of the duties
and responsibilities of each police force as an organization is based on this
agency. Set goals and reflect overall performance overall. This is because
Calamba Police Department staff have sufficient knowledge to carry out drug-
related tasks without problems. It would be easier to get drug-related surgery.
Because Calamba community members are given ideas when faced with these
drug-related issues. Their minds will perceive their environment in terms of this
matter. The University Admissions Application System will serve as a reference
for improving the Bachelor of Criminology Curriculum. For criminology students,
the results of this study will be of great help in improving the teaching and
learning process of criminology education. They can identify aspects of
criminology that can be added to the curriculum. A true researcher can apply
what he learns from the results of this study, and he can apply this knowledge
when he joins the police
force. This will bring new knowledge to future researchers and will be an
important breakthrough in further research in this field.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
To ensure precision, it is critical to define the scope of the investigation
and specify its constraints. The scope of the study is referred to as the region of
study, whilst the delimitation are the study's borders. The current study's scope
and limitations are as follows.

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The
obstacles that the Calamba Police Department has in drug-related operations
with the young drug users will be the topic of this research. Researchers will also
focus on data on anti-drug activity. They also wish to assess the effectiveness of
these efforts from the perspective of individual police officers and members of the
community in a certain municipality. Ten police officers will be surveyed by the
researchers. The goal of this study is to collect data on drug-related activities in
Calamba Laguna, hence descriptive research methodologies will be used.
Additionally, the researchers will only include police officers who are involved in
the fight against drugs as respondents. This study does not include other police
activities not related to illegal drugs. In addition, employees of other police
departments and other municipalities were excluded from this study.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are hereby defined conceptually and operationally
defined for the purpose of clarification.
Apprehending. Pertains to the operations of police officers involving catching
young drug users.
Juvenile are those minors involved in various crimes.

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Lived
Experiences. Pertains to the first-hand experiences or testimonies of people or
individuals experiencing a phenomenon under study.
Observation. It is the process of looking into something keenly or carefully to
gain information. In this study, observation pertains to one of the activities
conducted in the validating methods to established credibility.
Participants. It pertains to the individual who provides data for the study which in
this case are the teachers teaching Technology and Livelihood Education via an
online platform.
Police officers
are members of Calamba PNP officers who are in-charged in the conduct of
operations related to apprehending young drug users.
War on Drugs. It pertains to the campaign against eradicating drugs by the Pres.
Rodrigo Duterte.
Young Drug Users are the minors engaged in the use of illegal and prohibited
drugs and chemicals

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CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature
This chapter presents the related literature and studies which are relevant
to the current undertaking. The reference material includes professional
literature, written, unpublished and published by educational researchers.
Foreign Literature
Youth delinquency is a critical public health issue with far-reaching
societal implications (Mendelson, et.al., 2018). In the United States, there were
23.5 cases for every 1000 children aged 10 or older in juvenile courts in 2018.
(Hockenberry & Puzzanchera, 2020).

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Even
though overall rates of juvenile justice involvement have been dropping over the
last decade, juvenile courts handle over 850,000 delinquent cases each year
(Hockenberry & Puzzanchera, 2020). Adolescents who are involved in the
juvenile justice system are at a higher risk for social, health, and behavioral
issues during their teen years and as they move into young adulthood, according
to research (Schaefer & Erickson, 2016).
Arrested and court-involved teens start using drugs sooner than other
teenagers, which generally leads to more problematic drug use, more recidivism,
and more significant offenses as an adult (Aizer & Doyle, 2015; Scott, Dennis,
Grella, Funk, & Lurigio, 2019).
Individualized therapy efforts paired with discipline and punishment have
always been stressed in juvenile justice procedures. Diversion from official
correctional processes, on the other hand, has gained in popularity as a way to
avoid the bad effects that often accompany involvement in more severe judicial
systems (Evans, Smokowski, Barbee, Bower, & Barefoot, 2016).
In the study of Smart and Blair (2020), rather than using random samples,
studies of drug use among young people have often used students or particular
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high- risk
groups. According to the findings, cannabis was the most commonly utilized
substance. Being older, living in cities, not participating in religious activities, and
being a worker rather than a student were all linked to drug problems. Only a
small percentage of those with issues had been addressed or felt the need for
treatment.
According to the study of Williams, et.al., (2021), the majority of kids who
took part in the intervention thought the program subjects (77.9%) and activities
(72%) were appropriate for their age, that they would suggest it to their
classmates (73.6%), and that they would utilize the skills they gained in the future
(85.4 percent ). The preventative program had a significant favorable influence
on important knowledge, attitudes, and skills such as goal setting, stress-
management, and communication skills, according to a comparison of post-test
adjusted means.
The study of Ikohl, et.al. (2019), found that drug usage was prevalent in
the Metropolis as a result of a lack of parental control, easy access to drugs, and
the emergence of gangsterism street culture. Incessant scuffles and street
fighting, greater interaction with the police, accidents, and injuries, and robbery
and theft were all mentioned as consequences of this. As a result, the study
suggests launching public awareness campaigns about the dangers of drug use
among youths, strengthening government drug-control institutions to improve

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their
strategies for reducing illicit drug production and supply in the Metropolis, and
prohibiting Almajiri boys and girls from roaming the Metropolis at night.
The causes of drug usage among urban kids have been explained in a
variety of ways (Coleman & Davis, 1978 as cited by Ikohl, et.al. 2019). According
to Gorsuch and Butler (1976), as cited by Ikohl, et. Al., (2019), the absence of a
mother or father has a strong association with children's drug consumption. This
is probably accurate because parental absence might cause socialization to be
disrupted (Ikohl, et.al, 2019). Huba, Wingard, and Bentler (1979) discovered that
metropolitan slums are also "excellent breeding areas for drug addicts,"
especially in homes where parents are "so preoccupied and exhausted by their
struggles to
make ends meet" that they have little or no time or tolerance to deal with
their children's problems.
Local Literature
Prohibited drug usage has long-term physical and mental ramifications for
users, as well as negative consequences for their families, coworkers, and
anyone with whom they contact. It also has a significant impact on one's health,
often leading to ailments and disorders. Many users die early as a result of drug
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overdoses and other drug-related diseases. Around 0.5 million people have died
as a result of drug usage around the world. Opioids are responsible for more
than 70% of these deaths, with overdose accounting for more than 30% of all
deaths (WHO, 2021).
Some users are even parents whose children are abandoned by relatives
or placed in foster care following their deaths. Children have trouble building
bonds as a result of being isolated from other drug-using family members. They
are frequently entrusted to relatives, and in some circumstances, to their
grandparents, who act as full-time surrogates and take on additional
responsibilities (Behavioral Health, 2021). According to the United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime's most recent World Drug Report, around 35 million people
worldwide suffer from drug misuse disorders that necessitate treatment (UNDOC,
2021).
Drug addiction has unquestionably had a negative impact on society.
People from all socioeconomic backgrounds and demographics are affected.
According to the Philippine Deadly Drugs Board, 859,150 people used shabu, or
crystal methamphetamine, which is considered the most dangerous drug in the
country, in 2016, with a total population of 1.8 million drug users (Lasco, 2016).
This was prior to the start of the Duterte Administration.

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Drug
abuse and addiction have a number of negative consequences, including a
strained criminal justice system, lost productivity, and environmental damage.
Drug law violations are the most common arrest category, accounting
for a considerable portion of incarcerations in municipal, state, and federal
prisons (Lasco, 2018).
Several incidences of drug users and traffickers caught in the act have
been covered on local and international news and social media, particularly in
squatters’ areas or "drug dens." Not only are residents in this densely populated
neighborhood reported to the police, but powerful individuals such as
government officials, believe it or not, also use illegal narcotics (Zelfox, 2017).
Furthermore, Zelfox (2017) added that the majority of drug users in the
Philippines are teenagers. Methamphetamine, also known as shabu in the local
community, marijuana, inhalants (rugby), solvent, cocaine, diazepam, ecstasy,
and Nubian are among the illegal narcotics found. While reliable figures are
unavailable, the Dangerous Drugs Board (2017) estimates that 3.7 million
persons in the Philippines are affected by drug addiction, with young people
accounting for 65 percent of those affected. So, what is it that attracts young
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people in the
Philippines to take illegal drugs? Perhaps you'll agree with the points I've made.
I'm going to concentrate my remarks on young folks who use illegal drugs.
Involvement of the youths in drugs emanates from various perceived factors: first
employment, second environment, curiosity, and personal problems.
Despite all of the concerns about illegal drug use and the associated
lifestyle among young people, it is likely that most young people's lives are still
focused on school, home, and employment, and that most drug use is limited to
tobacco and alcohol. Without necessarily adopting the lifestyle, they may adopt
the behavior, fashion, and speech of a particular subculture, including the
occasional or experimental usage of illegal narcotics. Nonetheless, evidence of
drug usage in young culture implies that the experience of narcotics is frequently
pleasurable rather than harmful. Drug users may enjoy the emotions of
excitement, confidence, and social connection that various substances can
generate. Boredom can also be alleviated with the use of drugs. As a result, it's
possible that the main reason why young people use drugs is because they enjoy
them (Zelfox, 2017).
Zelfox (2017) further added that many young people live in places that are
impoverished, have high unemployment, bad housing, and a splintered and
under-resourced local service system. Drug supply and use thrive as an
alternative economy in such places, frequently controlled by powerful criminal

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groups. Aside from the hardship and boredom that come with living in such
areas, young individuals with few career prospects understand the financial
benefits and social status that come with running a small-scale drug distribution
operation.
The majority of young individuals are naturally curious and desire to try
new things. Drugs are a fantastic topic of conversation for some people because
they are entertaining to discuss and intrigue everyone. Peer pressure can affect
both teenagers and adults. Being surrounded by people who abuse drugs
or alcohol can cause anyone to follow suit and do things they never thought they
would (Zelfox, 2017).
According to Lasco (2018), even if drug usage is a tactic in their everyday
lives, young people utilize a variety of 'tactics' to remain consuming drugs and
elude law enforcement.
Their perception of law enforcement officers, whom they refer to as
kalaban, is shaped by a sense of hypocrisy and injustice formed of
their own experiences (enemy). They believe they are being unfairly targeted, yet
this threat is just one of the risks they face every day. The use of varied
strategies by young males reveals an agency that is frequently overlooked in
public debates. The efficiency of fear-based anti-drug programs is called into

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doubt by
their 'lay appraisals of hazards' and experience-based judgments of law
enforcement. Overall, the study provides an anthropological argument against
the Philippines' punitive techniques and in favor of policies that shift the police-
young drug users relationship from one of antagonism to one of trust.
Lastly, some young people use drugs to cope with the stress and anguish
of disastrous relationships, followed by physical and emotional abuse as a result
of dysfunctional home circumstances. Such students are frequently brought to
the school's attention. If these issues can be addressed, then the use of drugs
will become less of a concern (Zelfox, 2017).
The drug problem in the Philippines has traditionally been viewed as a
matter of law enforcement and criminality, with the government focusing on
enforcing a criminalization and punishment policy.
This is evidenced by the fact that the Duterte administration has deployed
punitive measures and mobilized the Philippine National Police (PNP) and local
government units around the country since the start of the "war on drugs." On the
President's directives, law enforcement agents have conducted extensive door-
to-door operations. One similar operation in Manila in August 2017 tried to "shock
and awe" narcotics dealers, resulting in the killings of 32 people by police in one
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night
(Simbulan, et. al, 2019).
According to the Dangerous Drugs Board's 2019 National Household
Survey on the Patterns and Trends of Drug Abuse (DDB), almost 1.67 million or
two out of every hundred Filipinos aged 10 to 69 are active drug users.
The majority of respondents are also aware of the negative consequences of
drug use, such as health issues, family separation, and self-image harm. The poll
also revealed the link between drug usage and other dangerous behaviors
including smoking and drinking. It was discovered that those who began smoking
when they were 15 years old or younger have a higher risk of becoming drug
users than others. Similarly, those who began drinking before the age of 18 are
more prone to utilize drugs than others.
When it came to general public awareness of harmful drugs and
substances, shabu was the most well-known, with 47.9%, followed by marijuana
with 35%. When asked about other dangerous drugs or substances that they
may be aware of, respondents mentioned cocaine again (DDB, 2020).

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Section 2 of Dangerous Drug Board Regulation regarding the protocol
when handling children allegedly involved in dangerous drugs detailed the steps
when treated a child-at-risk (CAR). Accordingly, if a child-at-risk admits or
surrenders with the anti-illegal drugs campaigns of the government for allegedly
using dangerous drugs, the child will be treated and handled in accordance with
the protocol stipulated in section 6.
All persons handling a child involved in dangerous drugs shall ensure the
privacy of the child and the confidentiality of the child’s case are respected at any
stage under the protocol. All records involving said children shall be considered
privileged and confidential. All persons with duties and responsibilities under the
protocol shall undertake all measures to protect the identity of the child and the
disclosure of confidential records may only be done upon under the Court.
Finally, when handling a child at any stage, the child shall not be mixed with
adults and any activity or interaction with the child shall not be done or
implemented in public places (DDB Regulation No. 6, s. 2019)

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Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, participants, research
procedure, data gathering, and data analysis of the study.
Research Design
This study adopts a qualitative method, non-experimental research with a
phenomenological perspective, and a transcendental design. Transcendental
phenomenology is based on the principles identified by Husserl (1931) and was
translated into a qualitative method by Moustakas (1994).
Moustakas’s (1994) transcendental or psychological phenomenology is
focused on the interpretations of the researcher and more on a description of the
experiences of participants. In addition, Husserl’s concept of epochs (or
bracketing) is emphasized. The investigator has to set aside her experience, as
much as possible and has to take a fresh perspective toward the phenomenon
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under
examination based on the description of the lived experiences presented by the
participants in the research project. The researcher employs this design to learn
more about the issue as well as the experiences of the people who will be
participating in it. This study aims to analyze the first-hand accounts of Calamba
police who are involved in the apprehension of young drug users amidst the
COVID-19 pandemic.
Likewise, in the qualitative approach, one of the key elements of collecting
data in this way is to observe participants’ behaviors during their engagement in
activities. Researchers record information from interviews by making handwritten
notes, audiotaping, or by videotaping. (Creswell, 2014). Gathered data will be
summarized to analyze the phenomenon being studied.
In this study, the researcher will use this design which was truly
appropriate since she would like to explore the topic as well as the experiences
of the participants that will be involved in this study.
Selection Criteria and Participants
For this research study, a set of fifteen (15) police officers who are from
PNP Calamba City will serve as the participants of the study. The participants for
the study will be chosen using criterion-based sampling (Anjum et al. 2018). The
number of participants was carefully considered for data saturation, wherein the
interview will continue until no new information is presented. The study's

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participants will be limited to PNP police officers in Calamba City who handles
cases related to young drug users during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research Instruments
The researcher designs an in-depth interview schedule for the data
collection instrument of this study. This will be the researcher’s made instrument,
which will be validated by three research experts-preferably with
grammarian, qualitative research expert, and school’s research expert. The
interview questions are aimed at eliciting relevant information concerning the
participants’ lived experiences as police officers responsible for apprehending
young drug users in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The content of the questionnaires will grasp and guide the participants to
emerge relevant and effective themes from their experiences. The questionnaire
will have six (6) prepared items using structured questions varying from their
personal experiences, observation, recommendation, and identifies strengths
and rooms for improvements. These questionnaires encompass trustworthiness,
credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.

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The
guide questions for the in-depth interview will be divided into three main parts
including introduction, body, and conclusion.
Research Procedure
The research procedure for this study follows that of Moustakas’ (1994)
which starts with identifying a phenomenon to study, bracketing out one’s
experiences, and collecting data from several persons who have experienced the
phenomenon. The researcher then analyzes the data to identify significant
statements or quote and combines the statements into themes. Then, the
researcher provides a list of various experiences of the persons (what
participants experienced), a structural description of their experiences (how they
experienced it in terms of the conditions, situations, or context), and a description
that explains the overall essence of the experience.
Data are to be collected from the participants who have experienced the
phenomenon through in-depth multiple interviews with them. Polkinghorne (1989)
recommends that researchers interview from 5 to 25 individuals who have all
experienced the phenomenon. In this study, there will be fifteen (15) individuals
who will serve as participants. Other forms of data such as observations related
to the phenomenon will also be collected. The interviews can be in the form of
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taped
conversations or formally written responses. However, in this present study,
interviews will be done and recorded via Zoom and/or Google Meet. If
respondents are not convenient using Zoom and/or Google Meet, formal written
responses will be accepted through google forms. The questions will be tweaked
to fit the flow of the discussion.
Data collection centers around two broad, general questions: What have
you experienced in terms of the phenomenon? What contexts or situations have
typically influenced or affected your experiences of the phenomenon? Other
open-ended questions may also be asked based on the situation. But, the
question on what and how to focus attention on gathering data that will lead to a
list of experiences (including their description) and a structural description of the
experiences, and ultimately provide an understanding of the common
experiences of the participants.
The essential themes will be summarized at the end of each interview.
Additional feedback and opinions will be incorporated if needed. Each interview
is expected to last for about 40–60 minutes. The audio recordings will later be
transcribed, but the participants' personal identities will not be included.
A pilot interview will be done to strengthen the credibility of the data
collection process (Forero, et al. 2018). For data gathering and analysis, a stage-
by-stage approach will be used. The participants are recruited in the first stage,
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and the
style and time of the interview will be determined. The researcher will discuss the
goal of the interview in the second phase in order to create rapport with the
participants. The interview will be conducted in the third step.
To establish the credibility of this paper, triangulation will be used. In
qualitative research, triangulation refers to the use of various methods or data
sources to build a thorough understanding of phenomena (Patton, 1999).
Triangulation has also been seen as a qualitative research approach for
determining validity by combining data from several sources.
Triangulation will be accomplished in this study by in-depth interviews with
participants, focus-group discussions (to corroborate the comments made during
the interview), observation, and a review of related literature.
The participants will be presented with or asked structured questions that
will elicit their own experiences during the in-depth interview. The variation of
probing questions will be determined by the replies or information that
participants are willing to share. These details will be supplied to them later and
verified using an FGD process. They will be questioned again if they confirm or
deny their reaction or assessment of the stated interview outcomes or results.
Finally, relevant literature and research will be used to verify the accuracy of
earlier data or findings, which will be supplemented by observation.

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Treatment of Qualitative Data
The first step in data analysis is to go over the interview transcripts and
identify the key comments, words, or quotes that provide insight into how the
participants felt about the phenomenon. Horizontalization is the term for this
process. The next step is to turn these key statements into themes by forming
clusters of meaning. After then, the themes are used to produce a description of
what the participants went through. Then there's the creative or imaginative
variation or structural description, which is derived from the cluster of data
developed for the theme and describes the context or setting that influenced how
the participants viewed the phenomena.
The researcher then composes a composite description that depicts the
phenomenon's "essence," known as the essential, invariant structure, based on
the structural descriptions. The essence is drawn mostly from the individuals'
shared experiences. It means that there is an underlying structure to all
experiences.
After following the phases of analyzing data, the outcome of the study will
be presented to the key informants/participants for the validation of their

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responses. The researcher will seek assistance from the experts (internal and
external validators) for the legitimacy of the themes used by the researcher
anchored to the responses of the key informant.
To acquire a better understanding of the participant’s experiences with the
online teaching process, Braun, and Clarke's (2006) six-step theme analysis
technique will be used. The thematic analysis began soon after the previous
interviews are completed. The data will be transcribed line by line and read at
least twice in the first stage to ensure familiarity. In addition, a reflective log was
kept. MS Word was used to code the data in the second stage. To
strengthen the legitimacy of the coding procedure, each transcribed interview is
coded by two researchers (investigators triangulation). In addition, an expert in
the field evaluated the coded transcripts (10 percent of the data) to eliminate
researcher biases and reflexivity.
Similar codes will be collected in the third stage, and initial themes and
mind maps were constructed using inductive thematic analysis (Thomas 2006).
The themes were validated against the coded extracts in the fourth stage to
establish a consistent pattern of themes with distinct distinctions. A thematic map
was independently produced by a colleague researcher who was blind to
literature. After much deliberation, the thematic map was finalized (Gani et al.
2020).
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Peer
debriefing meetings will be held in the fifth stage. To assure the reliability of the
findings, the final write-up will be created while considering logical rationalities
and direct statements from the participants. All of these stages ensure the
research's credibility, consistency, dependability, and transferability (Nowell et al.
2017).
In a nutshell, the data from the in-depth interview will be subjected to
phenomenological reduction, which will result in horizontalization and the
transcription of significant expressions. The experiences will then be reduced to
invariant elements, which will be clustered into core themes using thematic
clustering. Following the creation of key themes, the invariant elements will be
validated by comparing multiple data sources. Individual structural descriptions
are then created, which are then combined to form individual composite
structural descriptions.
Finally, the texture and structure will be combined to create an expression
that encapsulates the core of the phenomenon's lived experiences.

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Methods of Validation
Guba (1991) suggested that there are correlates to the positivist
paradigms of inquiry that establish credibility in naturalistic inquiry. Validity
strategies in qualitative research are procedures (e.g., member checking,
triangulating data sources) that qualitative researchers use to demonstrate the
accuracy of the findings and convince readers of this accuracy. Guba’s four
major categories, credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability are
the most common ways to understand the means of establishing validity.
Credibility according to Terrell, (2016) can be done through: prolonged
engagement, persistent observation, triangulation, peer-debriefers, negative case
analysis and referential adequacy. In this study, credibility is established using
prolonged engagement, triangulation, and peer-debriefing. Through prolonged
engagement, the research spent hours going over the transcripts that gives
broad timeline. Also, persistent observation contributed to prolonged
engagement as it gives depth and quantity of observations.
Enough sample size is also part of this argument. Persistent observation gives
more interactions and richer understanding of the data because variances are
more accounted for.
To further established credibility in this study is by conducting triangulation
or the three sources of data. This is established through multiple sites, multiple
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researchers or multiple forms of data like data from the literature. In this
undertaking, triangulation is done through checking data with other sources of
information like literature and conducting Focus-Group Discussion.
Another means of establishing credibility in this study is through peer
debriefing. This is done by allowing colleagues look into the data, verify
interpretations and offer other interpretations. In this current study, peer
debriefing meetings will be held in the fifth stage where the final write-up will be
created while considering logical rationalities and direct statements from the
participants. Members checking gives importance to the voice. It is the process of
understanding the subjects correctly and interpreting their voice accurately.
Transferability indicates whether the meanings interpreted from those
findings are similar to the experiences of others. The means to establish
transferability is to describe the situation being observed.
In this current endeavor, the researcher will try to give thicker and richer
descriptions of not only the phenomenon but also the context of the
phenomenon.
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The
following are some of the considerations by the researchers in conducting the
study: the number of organizations taking part in the study and where they are
based; any restrictions in the type of people who contributed data; the number of
the participants involved in the fieldwork; the data collection methods that were
employed; the number and length of the data collection sessions; and the time
period over which the data was collected.
On the other hand, dependability is established using a reflective appraisal
of the project or as Terrell (2016) recommended, an external auditor of the
project. In this case, a colleague researcher who is blind to literature will produce
a thematic map.
Finally, confirmability is the facet of trustworthiness that centers upon the
objectivity of the researcher. In this study, confirmability is established by having
another qualitative researcher audit the result of the thematic analysis.
Ethical Considerations
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This
study will utilize co-researchers, the consideration of this study is necessary for
ensuring the privacy as well as the security of the co-researchers. These issues
will be identified in advance to prevent future problems that could have arisen
during the research process. Among the significant issues that are considered
included confidentiality, privacy and anonymity, and acknowledgments of works
The integrity of the research will be ensured. After describing the goal of
the study to the participants by text and e-mail, the participants are expected to
give their written informed permission. The identities of the participants were kept
private, and verbal agreement is obtained prior to recording.
Another ethical consideration in this study is giving due credits to the
sources of data by citing them properly and ensuring that correct and proper
citations are done.
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
On this chapter, data are presented, interpreted, and analyzed. Data are
analyzed qualitatively to give meaning to the data presented.

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Several themes emerged from the data that reflected the lived
experiences of police officers in Calamba City in apprehending young drugs
users. The job of a police officer is challenging; Distinct Police Roles in
Operations; Young Drug Users as Misguided Minors; Police and their Organized
Operations; Minors have no criminal liabilities, so they are exploited.
The job of a police officer is challenging but fulfilling.
Police officers’ description of his/her duties and responsibilities basically
borders from challenging and difficult to manageable and rewarding job. The
participants in this study were assigned to the Intelligence Division, which
requires a lot of hard work and dedication. A police officer in the intelligence
division has a difficult job because they must cover roles such as an undercover
agent to penetrate and conduct operations involving illegal drugs.
One typical response of the participant describes how he personally
describe the difficulty of his job on a daily basis and stated:
“Mahirap, delikado kung di ka mag-iingat. Mahirap wala namang madali
lalo na kung ito yung pipiliin mong propesyon dito kase sa intel dapat araw-araw
kami napasok kase araw-araw may operation at araw-araw may
sinusurveillance.”
Another officer echoed his opinion expressing:

Calamba Campus
“Okay
naman, manageable naman yung duty ko dito sa intel, dun sa mga reports ah
ano naman yung flow ng trabaho naman, okay naman. Medyo ano, medyo
mahirap pero kaya naman kase, kaya ka nga nag-pulis, gusto mong maranasan
yung ganong trabaho, pero okay naman siya.”
The job is obviously not easy, but the police officer's understanding of his
or her role in the organization motivates him or her to do his or her job. He
explained:
“…maayos na nakakapagod dahil marameng trabaho dito sa opina, pero
okay lang naman, kayang kaya naman dahil ito yung trabaho namin. Saken
ginagawa ko lang yung mga dapat gawen dito bilang isang pulis, mahirap kung
hindi kayo magtutulong-tulong dito, kaya kung anung pwedeng gawen syang
dapat mong gawen para sa ikagagaan ng trabaho niyo.”
Police officers take pride in their profession as one implied:
“Yun nga sa trabaho kase bilang pulis yung isasabuhay mo araw-araw
yung pulis na pulis talaga datingan mo minsan paiiralin mo din yung pagiging
pusong mamon mo bilang nakatatanda ka lalu na kung bata yon at mahahatak
mo pa sa mgandang bagay magandang gawain para hindi na malulong sa mga
ganung bagay.”
Distinct Police Roles in Operations
A police officer's primary responsibility is to understand his or her
division's function. The job of a police officer is dangerous and critical, especially
Calamba Campus
in the
intelligence division, where lives are on the line. For those police assigned in the
Intelligence Division, their role in every operation range from being a pusher-
buyer to a perimeter security back-up -- which require patience and critical
thinking skills. An officer pointed out how division of labor happens in his division:
“Yung mga role kasi namin meron kasi kaming ano eh pagkakaiba. Iba’t
iba yung designated na trabaho namin. May tinatawag kaming pusher-buyer.
Yung pusher-buyer na yon back-up may perimeter security para in case na may
dumating na responde ang kalaban may laban din kame. Hindi kame
mawawagam doon sa loob ng area dapat pag pusher-buyer ka, ikaw ang
magpapaikot ng usapan hindi yung kayo ang paiikuting ng mga pusher.”
Every police officer has a definite and predetermined function to play in
every operation. This includes anything from acquiring precise data to monitoring
the operation's surroundings. This is to ensure that no errors or unexpected
events occur. One police officer explained:
“Syempre bago kayo umalis at bago magkasa ng buy-bust iseserveillance
muna yung lugar kung gaano ka-delikado kung gaano kalawak yung lugar pati
ilalapat nyo muna yung mga plano nyo at dapat may back-up ka.”
Young Drug Users are Misguided Minors and Easy Ploy
Peer pressure, poverty and lack of parental guidance are among the
perceived factors that are attracting minors into drug use. Peer pressure can
influence a teen's decision on a variety of issues. Youth consider both the

Calamba Campus
dangers and rewards of their activities and behaviors when making decisions—
but, unlike adults, teens are more inclined to overlook the risk in favor of the
reward. In the eyes of the police officers, peer pressure plays a vital role in
influencing the youth to turn into drugs. A police officer mentioned:
“…kalimitan kasi sa kabataan na ganun lang na nadadala lang sila ng
barkada o ginagawang runner.’
Unemployment is one of the primary reasons why minors caught in
between buy-bust operations become drug traffickers. Economic motives
continue to be the primary motivators for adolescents and young people to
engage in narcotics distribution. A police officer echoed:
“Mas pinipili ng bata na maging runner sya kesa mag-aral kasi sa
pagiging runner nila basta nakahawak na sila ng pera don ang hirap na ibalik ng
bata sa pag-aaral.”
Poverty and addiction are mutually reinforcing. Both difficulties feed off
each other, and their consequences enhance their separate feedback loops,
since they are linked at the hip. Poverty causes mental illnesses, which can lead
to drug usage, which leads to addiction, which leads to criminality, which leads to
a decrease in job opportunities. As an officer explained:
“Kasi kapag talagang nag-ooperate kami kalimitan diyan sa mga nahuhuli
naming talagang walang mga trabaho mga laki sa hirap, laki sa iskwater kung
may mga nahuli man kaming mayayaman o may kaya bibihira kasi kalimitan
talaga mga
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tulak sa Calamba yung mga wala silang maging trabaho eh, pinipili talaga nila
amgtulad ng droga eh.”
Adolescent drug use is influenced by poor family relationship, particularly
those characterized by poor communication between parents and their
adolescent children. The role of the parents cannot be overlooked to dissuade
minors from using drugs. A few of the officers interviewed shared the same
thoughts regarding parental misguidance too few of minors they arrested. One
officer recalled:
‘Hangga’t hindi sila natutukan ng kanilang mga magulang, hanggat
hindi sila nagbabago hindi nababago yung nature ng kanilang galawan. Hindi sila
makakapagbago lalo na kung sila’y napabarkada. Hahanap-hanapin niya ang
barkada at hahanap hanapin din niya ang droga lalo na kapag wala na siyang
pera at yun din ang magdidiin sa kanya para gumawa ulit ng mga bagay na
ikakapahamak niya…”
Moreover, because minors are protected by the law, narcotics are a
source of easy money for young people. Minors are also used as easy ploy to do
their crime. An officer explained:
“Hindi naman kami madalas nanghuhuli ng bata eh nadadamay lang sila kasi
nga ginagawa silang runner at mabilis sila mauto.”

Calamba Campus
Another officer further said:
“Sa akin bilang isang intel sa Calamba, wala pa akong nakikitang record
sa mga paghuli sa mga bata dahil nga sila ay minor, mahirap silang hulihin kasi
nga
mga bata pa sila, nadadaan na rin ng awa kaya hinahayaan na lang naming sila,
pwera na lang kung yung bata eh talagang criminal liability na ay talagang aming
tututukan nayan dahil sila ay sumosobra na.”
Another officer also testified:
“Ang mga minor naman hindi kami lagi nanghuhuli nan tsaka minsan pag
ganun inaalpasan naming kasi ginagamit lang sila ng mga nakakatanda sa
kanila.”
Police’ Organized their Operations
The safety of police officers in the intelligence division is critical because
their lives are at stake in every police operation they carry out. A well-organized,
full-proof, and safety-driven plan is required for any successful buy-bust
operation. Coordination and debriefing are required to ensure that everything
falls into its proper place. This will also instill confidence in the officers, allowing
them to successfully complete the operation. The officers testified that they plan
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full- proof
buy-bust operations.One of the police officers explained:
“Syempre bago kami mag-operate mag-bibriefing kame. Nagpreprepare kami kung
anong bawat tasking ng tao tapos meron din kaming mga umooperate mag-coordinate muna
kami sa PDEA pag nag-reply na kaming mag-oopeate saka pa lang kami operate.”
He further added:
“Hindi maaring magkaroon ng pagkukulang sa amin eh kasi nga meron kaming mga
briefing na ginagawa. So pag nagkaroon kami ng pagkukulang may mga pagkakamali, maaring
sa
amin pa bumalik yung kaso eh kaya bago kami lumakad plantsado na lahat yan at di
pwedeng magkaroon ng pagkukulang sa amin.”
There is no room for error because everything will be for naught in the
end, and lives may be at stake. As one of the police officers reflected:
“…bago kame lumakad at ilatag ang plano, kumpleto na kase life and death ang
nakasalalay dito kaya bawal magkamali. Lahat may bilang, lahat may command para hindi
magkamali. Alam dapat ng bawat isa ang trabaho nila.”
Minors have no criminal liabilities, so they are exploited
Minors are exploited and used illegally because the law protects them.
Although poverty and parental misdirection are the main reasons why young
people become involved in drugs, it is society's abuse of them that ignites the fire
that leads them down the path of dependency and habit. In the experiences of
Calamba Campus
the police
officers in Calamba, it is very seldom that they encounter juveniles involved in
their operations.
One of the police officers recounted:
“Hindi naman kasi araw-araw may nahuhuling bata eh. Bihirang may ano eh juvenile. Kalimitan
kasi nyan ang minor laging napapansin lang doon mismo sa meron mas matanda. Ginagamit
lang sila. Kung baga lalabas dun kakuntsaba lang, runner lang siya ganoon.”
Minors are shielded from liability by the law, allowing them to escape their
criminal activities. Most of them took advantage of their vulnerability to gain
access to drug dealings. Officers are always unconcerned about apprehending
minors, especially if they are merely acting as couriers or drug runners. They
realize they won't be able to prosecute the minors, so they let them go.
Other police officers explained:
“Sa akin, bilang intel sa Calamba, wala pa akong nakikkitang record sa mga paghuli sa mga bata
dahil nga sila ay minor. Mahirap silang hulihin, kaya naman sila hulihin kung baga kasi nga mga
bata pa sila. Nadadaan na rin ng awa kaya hinahayaan nalang namin sila.”
Discussion
On the participants description of their encounters with young drug users in their
buy-bust operations and the reasons why young offenders engaged in drugs.
The result of the study reveals the police officer’s description of their
encounters with young drug users in their buy-bust operations and why these
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minors get
into drugs. First, police response is closely tied with how law enforcement view
minors’ participation in drug dealings. They unanimously agreed that these
minors who are involved in drugs are misguided and easy ploy.
Peer pressure, poverty, and a lack of parental guidance are all factors that
are thought to be attracting minors to use drugs. Peer pressure can have an
impact
on a teen's decision on a variety of topics. When making decisions, teens
weigh the risks and benefits of their activities and behaviors, but unlike adults,
they are more likely to overlook the risk in favor of the reward. Peer pressure,
according to police officers, is a major factor in influencing youth to use drugs.
This claim is supported by the study of Ikohl, et.al. (2019), who found that drug
usage was prevalent in the Metropolis as a result of a lack of parental control,
easy access to drugs, and the emergence of a gangsterism street culture.
Poor family relationships, especially those marked by poor communication
between parents and their adolescent children, have an impact on adolescent
drug use. In order to keep minors from using drugs, parents must play an
important role. According to Gorsuch and Butler (1976) as cited by Ikohl, et. Al.,
(2019), the absence of a mother or father has a strong association with children's
drug consumption. This is probably accurate because parental absence might
cause socialization to be disrupted (Ikohl, et.al, 2019).

Calamba Campus
engage in narcotics distribution. Poverty and addiction are mutually reinforcing.
Both difficulties feed off each other, and their consequences enhance their
separate feedback loops,
since they are linked at the hip. Poverty causes mental illnesses, which
can lead to drug usage, which leads to addiction, which leads to criminality,
which leads to
a decrease in job opportunities. According to Zelfox (2017), many young
people live in places that are impoverished, have high unemployment, bad
housing, and a splintered and under-resourced local service system. Drug supply
and use thrive as an alternative economy in such places, frequently controlled by
powerful criminal groups. Aside from the hardship and boredom that come with
living in such areas, young individuals with few career prospects understand the
financial benefits and social status that come with running a small-scale drug
distribution operation.
Zelfox (2017) further added that the majority of young individuals are
naturally curious and desire to try new things. Drugs are a fantastic topic of
conversation for some people because they are entertaining to discuss and
intrigue everyone. Peer pressure can affect both teenagers and adults. Being
surrounded by people who abuse drugs or alcohol can cause anyone to follow
Calamba Campus
suit and
do things they never thought they would (Zelfox, 2017).
Moreover, because minors are protected by the law, narcotics are a
source of easy money for young people. Minors are also used as easy ploy to do
their crime.
Secondly, minors are exploited and used illegally because the law protects
them. Although poverty and parental misdirection are the main reasons why
young
people become involved in drugs, it is society's abuse of them that ignites the fire
that leads them down the path of dependency and habit. In the experiences of
the
police officers in Calamba, it is very seldom that they encounter juveniles
involved in their operations.
access to drug dealings. Officers are always unconcerned about
apprehending minors, especially if they are merely acting as couriers or drug
runners. They realize they won't be able to prosecute the minors, so they let
them go. According to Ng (2019), in the Philippines, juvenile offenders are not
prosecuted or imprisoned. Some argue that the law's laxity is making some
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minors more
daring than ever.
On the emerging themes from the testimonies of the police officers.
The result of this study also reveals the responses of the participants
regarding views on their job as police officers. First, they found the job of a police
officer as a challenging but fulfilling job. Police officers’ description of his/her
duties
and responsibilities basically borders from challenging and difficult to
manageable and rewarding job. The participants in this study were assigned to
the Intelligence Division, which requires a lot of hard work and dedication. A
police officer in the intelligence division has a difficult job because they must
cover roles such as an undercover agent to penetrate and conduct operations
involving illegal drugs. The
job is obviously not easy, but the police officer's understanding of his or her role
in the organization motivates him or her to do his or her job.
Second, they revealed their distinct roles in operations. A police officer's
primary responsibility is to understand his or her division's function. The job of a

Calamba Campus
police officer
is dangerous and critical, especially in the intelligence division, where lives are
on the line. For those police assigned in the Intelligence Division, their role in
every operation range from being a pusher-buyer to a perimeter security back-up
-- which require patience and critical thinking skills. Every police officer has a
definite and predetermined function to play in every operation. This includes
anything from acquiring precise data to monitoring the operation's surroundings.
This is to ensure that no errors or unexpected events occur.
Finally, they agreed that police organized their operations to ensure safety
and success of buy-bust. The safety of police officers in the intelligence division
is critical because their lives are at stake in every police operation they carry out.
A well-organized, full-proof, and safety-driven plan is required for any successful
buy-bust operation. Coordination and debriefing are required to ensure that
everything falls into its proper place. This will also instill confidence in the
officers, allowing them to successfully complete the operation. The officers
testified that
they plan full-proof buy-bust operations. There is no room for error because
everything will be for naught in the end, and lives may be at stake.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Calamba Campus
This
chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations of
the study.
Findings:
This study presents the five (5) themes that emerged from the data that
reflected the lived experiences of police officers in Calamba City in apprehending
young drug users. The following themes are the following: (1) The job of a police
officer is challenging but fulfilling; (2) Distinct Police Roles in Operations; (3)
Young Drug Users as Misguided Minors; (4) Police and their Organized
Operations; (5) Minors have no criminal liabilities, so they are exploited.
On the participants description of their encounters with young drug users
in their buy-bust operations and the reasons why young offenders engaged in
drugs.
The result of the study reveals the police officers unanimously agreed that
these minors who are involved in drugs are misguided and easy ploy. Peer
pressure, poverty, and a lack of parental guidance are all factors that are thought
to be attracting minors to use drugs. Peer pressure can have an impact on a
teen's decision on a variety of topics. When making decisions, teens weigh the
risks and benefits of their activities and behaviors, but unlike adults, they are
more likely to overlook the risk in favor of the reward. Peer pressure,
according to police officers, is a major factor in influencing youth to use drugs.

Calamba Campus
This claim
is supported by the
study of Ikohl, et.al. (2019), who found that drug usage was prevalent in
the Metropolis as a result of a lack of parental control, easy access to drugs, and
the emergence of a gangsterism street culture.
Poor family relationships, especially those marked by poor communication
between parents and their adolescent children, have an impact on adolescent
drug use. In order to keep minors from using drugs, parents must play an
important role. According to Gorsuch and Butler (1976) as cited by Ikohl, et. Al.,
(2019), the absence of a mother or father has a strong association with children's
drug consumption. This is probably accurate because parental absence might
cause socialization to be disrupted (Ikohl, et.al, 2019).
engage in narcotics distribution. Poverty and addiction are mutually reinforcing.
Both difficulties feed off each other, and their consequences enhance their
separate feedback loops, since they are linked at the hip. Poverty causes mental
illnesses, which can lead to drug usage, which leads to addiction, which leads to
criminality, which leads to a decrease in job opportunities. According to Zelfox
(2017), many young people live in places that are impoverished, have high
unemployment, bad housing, and a splintered and under-resourced local service

Calamba Campus
system. Drug supply and use thrive as an alternative economy in such places,
frequently controlled by powerful criminal groups. Aside from the hardship and
boredom that come with living in such
areas, young individuals with few career prospects understand the
financial benefits and social status that come with running a small-scale drug
distribution operation.
Zelfox (2017) further added that the majority of young individuals are
naturally curious and desire to try new things. Drugs are a fantastic topic of
conversation for some people because they are entertaining to discuss and
intrigue everyone. Peer pressure can affect both teenagers and adults. Being
surrounded by people who abuse drugs or alcohol can cause anyone to follow
suit and do things they never thought they would (Zelfox, 2017). Moreover,
because minors are protected by the law, narcotics are a source of easy money
for young people. Minors are also used as easy ploy to do their crime.
Secondly, minors are exploited and used illegally because the law protects
them. Although poverty and parental misdirection are the main reasons why
young people become involved in drugs, it is society's abuse of them that ignites
the fire that leads them down the path of dependency and habit. In the
experiences of the police officers in Calamba, it is very seldom that they
encounter juveniles involved in their operations.

Calamba Campus
access to
drug dealings. Officers are unconcerned about apprehending minors at all times,
especially if they are merely acting as couriers or drug runners. They realize they
won't be able to prosecute the minors, so they let them go. According to Ng
(2019),
in the Philippines, juvenile offenders are not prosecuted or imprisoned.
Some argue that the law's laxity is making some minors more daring than ever.
On the emerging themes from the testimonies of the police officers.
The result of this study also reveals the responses of the participants
regarding views on their job as police officers. First, they found the job of a police
officer as a challenging but fulfilling job. Police officers description of his/her
duties and responsibilities basically borders from challenging and difficult to
manageable and rewarding job. The participants in this study were assigned to
the Intelligence Division, which requires a lot of hard work and dedication. A
police officer in the intelligence division has a difficult job because they must
cover roles such as an undercover agent to penetrate and conduct operations
involving illegal drugs. The job is obviously not easy, but the police officer's
understanding of his or her role in the organization motivates him or her to do his
or her job.
Second, they revealed their distinct roles in operations. A police officer's
primary responsibility is to understand his or her division's function. The job of a

Calamba Campus
police officer
is dangerous and critical, especially in the intelligence division, where lives are
on the line. For those police assigned in the Intelligence Division, their role in
every operation range from being a pusher-buyer to a perimeter security back-up
-- which require patience and critical thinking skills. Every police officer has a
definite and predetermined function to play in every operation. This includes
anything from acquiring precise data to monitoring the operation's surroundings.
This is to ensure that no errors or unexpected events occur.
Finally, they agreed that police organized their operations to ensure safety
and success of buy-bust. The safety of police officers in the intelligence division
is critical because their lives are at stake in every police operation they carry out.
A well-organized, full-proof, and safety-driven plan is required for any successful
buy-bust operation. Coordination and debriefing are required to ensure that
everything falls into its proper place. This will also instill confidence in the
officers, allowing them to successfully complete the operation. The officers
testified that they plan full-proof buy-bust operations. There is no room for error
because everything will be for naught in the end, and lives may be at stake.
Conclusions:
The following are the conclusions drawn from the presentation of the
findings.
Calamba Campus
The
participants description of young drug users are based from their encounters with
them. Although it was revealed from the study, that encounters with these young
offenders are seldom, they can make thorough description about their general
profile and reasons in engaging drugs. Their treatment and views toward the
minors who involved themselves in illegal drugs are merely the offshoot of how
the law perceives minors so as how it protects them. They never see minors as
criminals but merely victims of circumstances like lack of parental guidance,
poverty, peer pressure and abused by adults. The minors remain unscathed and
free from criminal liability because they are protected by the law. The participants
knew that these minors were just victims and gullible.
Calamba City police officers are happy and proud of their job. Despite the
fact that it requires a lot of their time and sacrifices their sleep, they all agreed
that the job is extremely rewarding. To avoid unfortunate incidents, police officers
place a high value on safety and meticulous planning. They were also aware of
their respective roles within the unit.
Recommendation
The following are the recommendations based on the conclusions drawn.

Calamba Campus
Police
officers must be given ongoing support in order to improve their professional
skills in dealing with cases involving the arrest of minors. They need to be better
equipped and retooled in terms of child psychology and other related subjects so
that they can handle each encounter with precision and maturity.
They must also receive ongoing training in this field to ensure that they
can deliver the best results in relation to the responsibilities they have. The local
government unit must support the initiatives of PNP to strengthen the emotional
and psychological welfare of each police officer.
INTERVIEW 1
1. ) Would you like to introduce yourself? (Name, residence, length of service as

police officer)
Calamba Campus
 No
2. ) How are you today as far as your duty performance is concerned?

 Mahirap ,delikado kung di ka mag iingat
3. ) Speaking of duties and responsibilities as police officers in Calamba, how

would you describe your job?
 Mahirap wala namang madali lalu na kung ito yung pipiliin mong propesyon dito
kase sa intel dept araw araw kami napasok araw araw may operation araw araw
may sinusuvailance
4. ) How will you describe your role in police operations involving young drug
users?
 Dipende kase kung ano yung matapat sayo kung pusher buyer ka oh back up ka
basta dipende basta lagi kang handa kung ano man yung matapat sayong tasking.
5. ) How would you describe the young drug users of Calamba? Based on your
experience, what is their basic profile?
 Dito kase sa calamba malimit ang mga ganyan sa mga squatters' area sa parian sa
riles tapos sa kabataan karamihan marijuana ang nahuhuli namin sigurista ang bata
hindi basta basta nag bibigay ng impormasyon madulas lalu na pag naksanayan nya
yung mga ganung bagay pati minsan hindi mo malalaman kung bata talaga yon kase
may mga bata na ang tanda na agad nila tingnan lalu na yung mga malalaking bata
tapos matured na agad muka.
6. ) Can you give me a bird’ eye-view of your day-to-day engagement as an

officer in charge or tasked to apprehend and conduct operations among juveniles
or young drug users?
 Bilang upisyal kase unang una ma kuha nyo yung tao pangalawa yung safety nung
tao mo kaylangan planchado lahat ang gagawin buo kayong pumasok sa area
kaylangan buo din kayong lalabas ng area biang upisyal kase mahal ko mga tao ko
isang pamilya kase kami sa team kaylangan hingan murin ng idea ang bawat isa lalu
na yung mga tigulang na sa serbisyo at kung babago kapalang sa serbisyo.
7. ) How are your operations organized? Can you describe how you prepare
your operations?
 Ibat iba ng tasking yan eh may assign sa ack up may assign sa pusher buyer sa
reserve team yung survailance
8. )What experiences and features of your duties and responsibilities as police
officers do you find engaging based on your observations?
 Yun nga sa trabaho kase bilang pulis yung isasabuhay mo araw araw yung pulis na
pulis talaga datingan mo minsan pairalin mudin yung pagiging pusong mamon mo
bilang nakatatanda ka lalu na kung bata yon at mahahatak mupa sa magandang
bagay magandang gawin para hindi sya malulung sa mga ganunong bagay
Calamba Campus
9. ) What
realities did you discover while conducting operations?
 Na mas pinipili ng bata na maging runner sya ng droga kesa mag aral kase sa
pagiging runner nila basta nakahawak na sila ng pera don ang hirap na ibalik ng bata
sa pag aaral
10. ) Did you experience challenges and difficulties in conducting operations
involving young drug users? If yes, how will you describe these challenges? If
not, why do you think you did not experience any of these difficulties?
 Hindi kase bago kami lumakad at ilatag ang plano kumpleto na kase life and death
ang nakasalalay dito kaya bawal mag kamali lahat may bilang lahat may command
para hindi mag kamali alam dapat ng bawat isa ang trabaho nila
11. ) How did you solve or counter your difficulties? Cite situations for
example.
 Yun nga walang difficulties kase bago kami umalis bago namain ikasa ang operation
plantyado na ang plano.
12. ) What significant takeaways or opportunities did you gain from these
challenges?
 Sa araw araw naman naming ginagawa sanay na kame
13. ) What are your expectations for more engagement in the operations
related to young drug users in the future?
 Pag sugpo sa pinaka puno ng organisasyon para hindi na lumawak pa at hindi na
umabot at makaapekto sa mga minordeedad.
INTERVIEW 2
1.) Would you like to introduce yourself? (Name, residence, length of service as
police officer)

2.) How are you today as far as your duty performance is concerned?
Calamba Campus
 Risky
3.) Speaking of duties and responsibilities as police officers in Calamba, how
 Sa sure buyer pusher buyer syempre madali lang naman hulihin ang mga bata pag
may pang gambit ka
4.) How will you describe your role in police operations involving young drug
users?
 Drug users ano sila eh depende kasi sa mga lugar na kinalakihan sa mga nakikita nila
sa paligid nila kasi base sa nakikita ko kung ano yung kinakalikan nila sa lugar kase
nag mumula ang lahat kasi yung nature ng galawan ng ibang tao
5.) How would you describe the young drug users of Calamba? Based on your
 Pag bata namna kasi ang huhulihin unang una hindi ka nakakasiguro na bata nga
iyon hanggat hinid nag lalabas ng mga dokumento na nag papatunay na syay
menorde idad basta hindi mo malalaman agad kung bata halimbawa mukang
matanda na yung itsura ng bata yung matured ba tingnan pero dadaan pa din sa dswd
yun
6.) Can you give me a bird’ eye-view of your day-to-day engagement as an
 Syempre bago kayo umalis bago kayo mag kasa ng buy bust ise servey nyo muna
yung lugar kung gano ka delikado kung gaano kalawak yung lugar pati ilalapat nyo
muna yung mga plano nyo dapat may back up ka
7.) How are your operations organized? Can you describe how you prepare your
operations?
 Yung reality na minsan bata lang talaga yung ginagawang runner utusan kaya sila
napapadiin nag kakaso sila ng section 5 sa R.A9165 of comprehensive dangerous
drug act of 2002 yon halos kasi sila lahat ang napapadiin bata kasi madaling utuin
hindi kasi halata na sila yung may hawak ng courier ng droga
8.) What experiences and features of your duties and responsibilities as police
 Ang mahirap lang naman sa mga bata ay sigurista pero madali lang naman I gambit
sila depende nalang sa diskarte mo ng pusher buyer o operatiba paano nya igagambit
yungf bata kung saan nya pasusunorin dapat hawak mo yung usapan nyo hindi yung
ikaw yung pasusunurin ng bata sa gusto nya dapat ikaw ang nag papaikot ng usapan
nyo
9.) What realities did you discover while conducting operations?

 Bata nga kasiyon mahirap kalaban ang mga bata may dswd kasi tayo nag poprotekta
sa mga bata tapos hindi nyo pwedeng I C.I nang mamlalim kasi bata nga
napakaramiong Karapatan ng bata
10.) Did you experience challenges and difficulties in conducting operations
Calamba Campus
not, why
do you think you did not experience any of these difficulties?
 Sanay nanaman eh sa inaraw araw na nanghuhuli ka sanay kana eh wala ng
difficulties don .malalaman nyo rin yan pag ka kayoy mga nasa serbisyo naren bsta
alam mo na yung galaw mo pati alam mo nadin yung ginagawa mo
11.) How did you solve or counter your difficulties? Cite situations for example.
 Hanggat hindi sila natututukan ng kanilang mga magulang hanggat hindi sila nag
babago hindinababago yung nature ng kanilang galawan hindi sila makakapag bago
lalu na kung silay napabarkada hahanap ahanapin nya ang barkada at hahanap
hanapin din niya ang barkada lalunapag wala na syang pera yun din ang mag diiin sa
kanya para gumawa uli ng mga bagay na ikakapahamak nya dapat don nalayo ng
lugar yungf walang kakilala tapos malayo sa syudad basta malayo sila sa kanilang
mga nakagisnang lugar sa pagiging courier oh runner
12.) What significant takeaways or opportunities did you gain from these
challenges?
 May mga pag kakataon kase nap ag dating namen sa brgy yung bata first time mapa
brgy mapa blotter pag ka ganon inaalpasan nanamin yung bang naimpluwensyahan
lang naman sya dahil may problema sa magulang ganun wala sa libro natin yon
bilang kuya bilang nakakatanda kailangan din natin sila bigyan ng pag kakataon
kahit hindi nanatin sila dalhin sa husgado kung sila naman ay taos puso ang pag sisisi
at pag babago
13.) What are your expectations for more engagement in the operations related
to young drug users in the future?
 ang pinaka malaking resposibilidad namin bilang pulis ay ang planuhin maigi ang
mga pwedeng mangyare sa aming inkwentro dapat palaging safe at legal ang aming
mga lakad upang sa ganon hindi nila mabaliktad ang kaso o hindi kami mabutasan
INTERVIEW 3
police officer)
 No
Calamba Campus
 Ayos
naman medyo mahirap lang sa una
 Medyo mahirap kasi hindi tayo pwede mag pahalatang pulis kasi nga intel tayo hindi
pwedeng makahalata ang mga huhulihin dahil pwede sila makatakas
users?
 Ang role naman namin pag police operarion syempre planning maigi tsaka briefing
para wala talagang makakaligtas sa aming buy bust
 Ang young naman d naman kami lagi nakakahuli nan tsaka minsan pag ganon
inaalpasan namin kasi gianagamit lang sila ng mga nakakatanda sakanila
 Madaming drug user sa calamba pero syempre pag nakakahuli kami unti unti na
silang nababawasan
operations?
 Hindi naman kami madalas nang huhuli ng bata eh nadaamay lang sila kasi nga
ginagawa silang runner at mabilis sila mauto
 Kailangan sa operation naming Pulido upang d kami mabaliktad ng nahhuli namin at
dapat planado naming ito lahat itatawag naming sa pdea upang d kami mag ka
inkwentro
 Base sa aking observation mas tumatalas na ang mga police officer d na sila yung
mabilis maniwala at wala na kaming plano na d nahuhuli. Ah realities naman andon
yung pag bebenta ng droga para mas mabilis naming silang mahuli
 Ah difficulties lang naman namin eh yung napalag na sila pag naka posas pero yung
encounter naman ng may baril wala pa naman akong na eenkwentro na ganon
11.) How did you solve or counter your difficulties? Cite situations for example
 Na solve naman naming ito nga kasi yung na plano naman naming ito eh
challenges?
 Natuto din kami mag patawad lalo na at bata ang nasasangkot
Calamba Campus
13.) What
are your expectations for more engagement in the operations related to young
drug users in the future?
 Eni expect na mas bata na ang gagamit ng droga kasi mabilis na sila mauto akala kasi
nila astig ang pag gamit ng droga at dahil sa curiosity gusto nila itong ma try
INTERVIEW 4
police officer)
 No
Calamba Campus
2.) How
are you today as far as your duty performance is concerned?
 Okay naman, managable naman yung duty ko dito sa intel, doon sa mga reports ah
ano naman yung flow ng trabaho naman, okay naman.
 Medyo ano, medyo mahirap pero kaya naman kase, kaya ka nga nag pulis, gusto
nong maranasan yung ganong trabaho, pero okay naman sya.
users?
 Yung sa Operation naman, di naman kasi talaga palaging may mahuhuli kaming mga
bata so, pagka may, di naman kasi diyan, katulad nung sinabi nila kanina, ginagamit
sila, pagka may, kase ang teknik nila diyan, katulad nung sinabi nila kanina,
ginagamit sila, minsan runner ng shabu papunta don sa bumibile o kaya vise versa.
Tapos syempre hindi naman siya criminaly liable kase bata pa nga.
Ralp: san po yung lugar na nakahuli po kayo ng bata.

Sir: ah, Pansol ano yan, hindi naman sya, pukol pukol meron na siyang isip, kase kinse
(15) anyos na nga eh, siyaka babae at yung nangyare naman don, yung boyfriend nya,
siya yung tulak talaga ng marijuana.
Ralp: Minor po yung boyfriend nya Sir?
Sir: Hinde, siya ay mga nasa bente sais (26) anyos na eh, kaya ayon eh nakakaawa din
naman kase nag-aaral parin yung bata, ang ano nga lang don kababaeng tao sa edad
nyang iyon, talagang nakakapag-ano na sya.
Ralp: Ano yon Sir meron kayong pagkakataon po na, ayon binigyan niyo po sya ng
chance para alpasan Sir?
Sir: Noong time na iyon.
Ralp: Bilang ano Sir, bilang isang kuya, parang ganon po.
Sir: Noong time na iyon, inano namin siya kung baga hindi namin isinama sa kaso,
pinagbigyan namin siya ng isang pagkakataon, tapos tinanong namin lahat ng
dinadapuan ng boyfriend niya para kung sakale na magtagpo sila iano niya sa amin yung
information niya na naandon yung boyfriend niya, kase grabe talaga magtulak yung
boyfriend niya ng Marijuana eh, isa siya sa source sa Pansol, kaya ayon oara makuha din
namin yung local niya ganon yung ginagawa namin.
 Yung mga basic profile, mga hindi sila nagagabayan ng magulang nila kung baga,
may trabaho yung magulang nila sila yung naiiwam sa bahay so yung mga kaibigan
Calamba Campus
nya,
kase kabataan ngayon pagka nakagamit ng Weeds akala mo Cool sila eh, ganon
yung ano nila yung mga profile nila.
 Ako kase kapag ano, kapag tinitira ko sila eh, hindi ko, hindi naman para, para kunin
yung bata, kase ayun nga naaawa kame, pagka lang talaga yung sobrang talino
yung, yung bang paulit-ulit na tas meron ng ibat-ibang blotter sa barangay
nagnanakaw, snatch ayon eh, eh wala na akong magagawa don kase hindi na rin
kaya silang gabayan ng magulang niya so ang ginawa ko non, nung nahuli ko sya,
dinala ko siya sa ani sa CPD natin, tapos pinafilan ko ng kaso don sa ninakawan nya,
tas ngayon nandon na sya sa ano sa, ah tawag dito, yung for the boys, yung sa
barangay San Jose.
Ralp: Parang Boys Town Sir.

Sir: Oo, yon, so nung balikan ko sya, anlake na ng pinagbago niya tumaba, tapos yung
para bang ano, yung malaki yung tulong niya sa ano
Ralp: Ah Sir binibisita niyo rin po.
Sir: Hinde, natripan ko lang, gusto ko lang makita siya ulit eh, lalake yon lalake.
"Taga Looc?", Hinde taga diyan sa San Juan. Ang galing non, ang galing magnakaw ng
batang yon, talagang yung mga, makita nya lang na bukas yung bintana, susuutin niya
yon, tas yung, kunware pagkaen sa loob ng bahay, ay don pa yon kakaen.
Ralp: Ano yon Sir, yung ganon po sa nasa boys town, may pagkakataon pa silang
makaalis basta maganda yung record nila?
Sir: Oo, saka don pinag-aaral sila.
Garcia: Module Sir?
Sir: Oo, pinag-aaral sila don, nirereform sila nung ano ng sistema.
Ralp: Ano yon Sir, wala pa silang criminal record pagdating ng nakalabas na sila doon?
Sir: Dipende eh, kung ipoporsue ng complainant so, doon naman sa complainant na ano,
okay naren naman sa kanya na kahit hindi naiproseso yung kaso kase, nakita niya nga
ren yung pagbabago doon sa bata, ayon.
operations?
Ayon bago kame mag operate, meron nga kaming tinatawag na ganyan briefing,
tapos yung tasking nung every ano, cooperatives, doon sa area kung saan kame
mag cooperate, tapos sa documentation naman yun nga yung three of
coordination namin sa PDEA, bago kame mag jumpoff kailangan meron muna
kaming coordination sa kanila para hindi mangyare yung ano, yung kstulad nung
nagyare sa Quezon City nagkaron ng misencounter kase syempre, hindi naman
tayo magkakalenlan agad eh parehas tayung mga nakaano sibilyan pano kung
parehas tayung ng bangget edi pwede tayung dalawa ang magsabong kase, may
Calamba Campus
baril
ka, may baril ako, bakit ka nandyan eh, hindi kita kilala oh diba, ganon yung
mangyayare, yun para ano, yung operation namen is safe, unang-una yung safety
namin ng pinag-uusapan diyan, pangalawa yung success nung operation.
Ralp: Nagkaron na po ba Sir ng ano, yung collateral damage yung bata dahil doon?
Sir: Ah so far naman simula nung ano, kase dito narin ako nag ano eh, nag part time job,
wala oang records ni isa na.
Ralp: Dito sa, dun po sa pababa po may nahuli na po ba kayo diyan ng, nung lumaban po
talaga?
Sir: Na bata?
Ralp: Kahit ano Sir.
Sir: Yung mga ano, yung talagang mga tahiran na, yung mga value individual, kung
tawagen namen, kase ayon na yung trabaho nila eh, hindi talaga sila papahuli ng buhay,
hanggat aare, baka ano sila, makatakas sila o lumaban sila, marame na, marame ng
nangyareng ganon, lalong lalo na nung ano, nung naging Presidente si Digong kase,
talagang yung instruction nya, eh saka yung ano, mga pulis mga law enforcer ang
madidisgrasya niyan, mas gugustuhin niyan makitang tumumba yung mga suspect yung
mga drug addicts, drug user, drug seller.
Ralp: Pagka ganiyan Sir, halimbawa nadali yung, suspect po may pagkakataon ba arson
po parin yung law enforcer?
Sir: Meron talaga, qno yung matik yon moto prof yung tawag don, halimbawa
magpapaliwanag ka, kakasuhan ka ng mismong probinsyal naten, pero yung
presumption of regularity may preprevail iyon kase ginagampanan mo yung trabaho mo
nung time na nangyare yung insidente naten so, madidismiss yung kaso nayon ng
probinsyal.
Ralp: Ano na po saten Sir, Meron na pong body compact encounter.
Sir: Noon wala, pero ngayon meron na kaya pinatupad din yun ng Supreme Court para
don sa Purpose na iyon saka sa ano kase, don sa Trial baka may makita, pag meron
tayung tinatawag na self incrimination kung baga, tatanungin si accuse kung, gusto
mong gamitin ito sa iyo laban sa video ng operation nato, pag sumagot si qccuse na
hinde wala na, hindi na gagamiten
Ralp: Pano po yon Sir, don oo sa nakuha pong items.
Sir: Hindi meron naman tayong photograph eh nung item, yun na yung magiging
ebidensya naten
Garcia: Peri yung video Sir, mapapawalang bisa nayon?
Sir: Hindi naman regarded paren naman sya parang hindi na sya magiging support siya
as evidence
Calamba Campus
 Para
saking mga karanasan about operations, nakakagaan ng pakiramdam dahil sa aming
operation ay aming nahuli o naging successful naman yung aming ginawa at walang
nangyaring sakitan sa aming pang huhuli, dahil nga sa naging successful yung mga
bawat galaw at plano namin, ayun ay talagang nakakagaan ng pakiramdam at
problema sa amin bilang isang pulis o intel, at ang lahat ay nakikipag cooperate sa
mga bawat galaw naming lahat.
 Yung saken sa ano sa report syempre kailangan yan pagka nagbato ka ng
coordination, yung lugar kung saan ka mag ooperate dapat tama, kase kapag mali
ka at pinresent mo sa korte doon palang may padismiss na yung kaso ipapalit si
accuse yun yung ano ko, kung baga leading ano don sa trabaho ko as Intel, yung
certainty nung report, napaka importante, kase nandon yung buhay nh ano eh, ng
kaso.
 Ayon yung, pagka nanghuhuli kame at alam niya nung pusher, tarya niya yung
nakuha namen sa, nabili namin dun sa kanya wala na siyang imek, kung baga hindi
na para madeny na yung "oh hindi akin yan" kase alam niya yung tarya niya.
Ralp: Kung may pagkakatain Sir, na itinanggi niya yung items.
Sir: Meron.
Ralp: Ano po yung magiging basus niyo po don Sir.
Sir: Edi ang basis namen, iveverified ka namen, kase hindi naman kame nagcoconduct
basta-basta ng operation ng walang validation, walang monitoring, lahat yon dumadaan,
kaya kahit na tumange siya, kung alam naman namin na talagang siya ay tulak, wala
siyang magagawa, huhulihin namin siya ng walang pagdadalawang isep.
Ralp: Eh Sir, halimbawa po ay ano, yung talagang talamak na po siyang pusher, tapos
may pagkakataon na po siyang lumaban, ano po iyon Sir, nagkakaeoon na po talaga ng
cassualty Sir.
Sir: Malamang kung baga, natural nayon kase, yun nha, kesa antayen pa naming,
bunutan kame ng barel edi uunahan na namin, saka hindi para magkaroin ng cassualty
kase syempre, kaya kaoag nag operate kame ng isang team, marami yang mga iyon
syempre, yung perimeter sinesekyur, yun na nga para maiwasan yung sinasabi niyong
cassualties.
 Yun nga dibat minsan kang kame makahuli ng ganyan, ang anu lang diyan, mahirap
lang, nandon yung ano eh yung awa namin dun sa bata kase, alam namin na pwede
pa syang ano eh magbago, may pagkakataon pa syang magbago ayon, yun lang anh
mahirap don pagka talagang mga bata yung wno mga nasasama sa hule namin sa
operation.
Calamba Campus
12.) What
significant takeaways or opportunities did you gain from these challenges?
Parang ganon narin yon, yung kaninang sinagot ko. Yung ano, yung experience ng
nararanasan namen, saka yung kowledge na pwede pa naming makuha sa mga
operation na ginagawa namen, yun na rin yung nagiging ano namen, kung baga
advantage namen sa mga susunod pa naming operations.
Ralp: Bukod don sa ano Sir, ano yung pinaka malaking ano niyo po, yung buybus, yung
pinaka ano niyo po talaga, talamak yung oaggamit ng droga.
Sir: Ano base sa record yung si Evai yon, talaga kase meron siyang grupo, meron siyang
network kung baga, meron syang, siya yung ulo, may mga gumagalaw den para sa
kanya, kapag nag dispose ng basura, so ayon yung mahule siya nung mga ano saten ah
operation naten, ay hindi sya nahule, kung baga lumaban siya eh, kaya ayon nagresult
siya ng arm encounter, namatay yung si Evai.
Garcia: Taga saan naman po siya Sir?
Sir: Ah, parang San Chrsitobal.
Sa panahon ngayon kase sa kabataan ang mga kabataan hindi katulad nung mga 90's
ang iniisip kase nila lage pagka may ganyan cool sila so ang ineexpect namen,
mas yung mahuhuli namin sa susunod pang mas babata, kung baga hindi na sya,
nageevolve na yung mga dating, kunware diba mga nahuhule naman yung mga
nasa (40), (30) anyos ngayon naeexpect namen mga bata ngayon mga (18)
anyos, mga (19),(20) anyos, yan kase, yun mga bukod sa kahirapan, ang isip kasi
nila mga ano sila Cool
Ralp: Yung nangyayare pong, most na habulan po. Most po na nangyayare pagka
batanpo yung mga naeencounter niyo po, habulan po lage?
Sir: Oo habulan, alam mo naman pag bata eh kung saan-saan pwede sumuot yan, pero
ang ani lang diyan, takot sila pag alam na nilang wala silang, corner na sila, hindi na yan
para labanan ka nila kase ayon paren naman yung instinct ng isang bata, hindi naman
siya manlalaban pa.
Ralp: Nadaka na din po ng takot, kaya nananakbo.
Sir: Oo, ayon tapos na.
INTERVIEW 5
police officer)
Calamba Campus
 No
 Ah eto, maayos naman, maayos na nakakapagod dahil marameng trabaho dito sa
opisina, pero okay lang naman, kayang kaya naman dahil ito yung trabaho naten.
 Saken ginagawa ko lang yung mga dapat gawen dito bilang isang pulis, mahirap
kung hindi kayo magtutulong tulong diba, kaya kung anung pwedeng gawen syang
dapat mong gawen para sa ikagagaan ng trabaho niyo at mangonte. At about sa
operation namen katulad nung paghuli ng mga pusher or nagbebenta ng drugs ang
trabaho ko don madalas ay yung perimeter, chinecheck ko lahat ng paligid kung safe
ba and kung may mga kalaban sa paligid.
users?
 Katulad nga ng sinabe ko kanina, sa operation madalas kong role is yung perimeter
para makag secure sa paliged upang kung sakaling nagkaron ng gulo sa paligid ay
aking gagawen ang nararapat para matigel yon.
 Saken bilang isang intel, sa Calamba wala pa akong nakikitang record sa mga paghuli
sa mga bata dahil nga sila ay minor, mahirap silang hulihen, kaya naman sila hulihen
kung baga kase nga mga bata pa sila, nadadaan na ren ng awa kaya hinahayaan
nalang namen sila, pwera nalang kung yung bata eh talagang criminal liability na ay
talagang aming tututukan nayan dahil sila ay sumosobra na. May mga bata namang
nagbabago kayat aming hinahayaan, base sa baragay wala pa silang record don kaya
binibigyan namen sila ng pagkakataon para magbago. At bilang isang pulis madalas
kong nakikita sa mga batang nakakagawa ng crimen ay mga wala na silang
magulang, iniwan ng magulang, yung iba may magulang pero pinabayaan nalang
silang gumawa ng crimen, ayan yung napapansen ko sa kanila, baka ng dahil sa
hirap naren ng buhay, nagagawa nila yung mga bagay na di dapat gawen sa batas.
 Bilang isang intel, marame nakong karanasan about sa mga paghuli ng mga kriminal,
talagang aming gagawen yung makakaya mahuli lang yung kriminal nayon, kase
kapag hindi mo sila nahuli talagang uulit uulitin nila yung mga ginagawa nila, hindi
sila nadadala kase nga nakakatakas sila, peri pagdating naman sa mga batang
nakakagawa ng kriminal mga minor crime like pagnanakaw, snatch yan mga ganan,
hinahayaan nalang namen, kase nga mga bata pa sila hindi naman pwedeng hulihen
or pwersahen dahil tayo pa ang mapapasama bilang isang pulis, pero kapag yung
mga batang mga expert na sa mga gawain nilang masasama or talagang trabaho na
nila yung ganon, wala na sila pang dapat ipagkundangan pa, direkta na namin silang
Calamba Campus
huhulihen dahil nakakaabuso na sila at nakakasagabal na ren sa mga mamamayan

sa lugar nila.
operations?
 Sa pag conduct ng operations hindi mawawala diyan yung grupo, dahil sa isang
operation kailangan ng katulong o kakampe, dahil isang mabigat na pagsugod yung
gagawen namen, katulad nalang sa buybust operation, need namen ng cooperation
ng mga PDEA at kaming mga intel, paguusapan namen yung mga plano, kung may
plan A dapat may Plan B, dahil hindi tayo nakakasigurado sa mga paliged, meron din
diyang perimeter katulad ko nga na nag sesecure ng paliged para maging safe,
unang una sa lahat is yung ikabubuti muna namin ang uunahen namen, need
naming maging safe at syempre need din naming maging safe sa mga gagawen
upang magawa namin ng maayos yung operation, at kailangan ng ng cooperation sa
bawat isa.
 Bilang isamg pulis sa aking mga karanasan, sa bawat successful and safe sa ming buy
bust operation ang madalas naming nagagawa ay magaan sa pakiramdam at
nakakabawas ng problema, dahil nagawa namin ng maayos ang lahat ng aming
trabaho kaya after non is makakapagpahinga na kame sa hirap sa pagod naming
nagawa about sa operation.
 Saken sa mga nadidikubre ko bawat operation ay may mga nadadagdag saken na
kaalaman at sa mga nadidiskubre kong mga bagong kaalaman ay aking magagamet
pa sa mga susunod na operation katulad ng mga experience na nakukuha namen
about operation, katulad nalang ng tibay ng loob, lakas at pagiging ligtas o pag-
iingat sa mga bawat trabaho ayan ay mas lumalakas sa paulit ulit na naming
nagagawa kaya katulad kame matagal na sa trabaho, kame ay sanay na sa mga
ganyang trabaho, kaya malaking advantage na to samen para sa mga susunod pang
operations.
 Yes, oo lahat naman ng trabaho eh mahirap, walang madale, lalo na sa trabaho
naming mga intel, napaka hirao ng trabaho at buhay mo nag kapalet, kaya sa mga
bawat operation yung safety muna namin nag inaalala namen, kaya kailangan mag
doble ingat at kung kakayanen ng tripleng pag iingat sige lang, kase mahirap kapag
may mga napapahamak na mga kapulisan or mga members dahil sobrang laking
problema ang maidudulot kung hindi ka magiging safe. Kaya lahat kame ng tutulong
tulong upang maging success ang aming trabaho.
Calamba Campus

Nasosolusyunan ko mga problema ko halimabawa nalang ng, nandyan ang mga buddy
or mga grupo namen, hindi ako mapapanghinaan ng loob dahil lahat kame ay tulong
tulong sa aming mga trabaho, walang iwanan dahil para nareng magkakapatid ang
turing namin sa isat isa.
challenges?
 Dito sa mga bawat trabaho o operation namen meron akong mga bagong kaibigan
at bagong knowledge about operation na aming nagagawa, lahat kame nakakauha
ng kaalaman dahil sa aming pagpupulong pulong, pagtutulungan at pagkakaisa ang
dapat mong isipen, para maging successful ang lahat ng mga gagawin namen.
 Expectation ko ay katulad na nga lang ngayon, ginagamet nila ang mga kabataan
para sa mga masasamang ginagawa katulad ng runner ginagamit nila ang bata para
mag deliver sa kanilang mga tauhan ng mga droga o pinagbabawal na gamot, kaya
sa aken mas dadame pa ang mga yan dahil nga sa mga minor sila at hindi pwede
hulihen.

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Lived Experiences of Police Officers in Apprehending Young Drug Users in Calamba City - Docx Ready 1

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University of Perpetual Help System-DALTA

Lived Experiences of Police Officers in Apprehending

Young Drug Users in Calamba City

COMIA KING LEUIS S

Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem (Central and Corollary Questions)

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Significance of the Study

Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Chapter III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Selection Criteria and Participants of the Study

Chapter IV Findings and Discussion

Chapter V Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A young juvenile offender's first point of interaction with the juvenile

encounter are likely to be substantial and have a long-lasting impact on a young

person. Children and adolescents are involved in a wide range of criminal

a disproportionately high number of crimes in comparison to their fraction of the

population, posing a unique problem for law enforcement. As a matter of fact,

Drug Board, 2019)

for officers' authority. Many children and adolescents are immature,

and confrontation, rather than a deterrent to delinquent behavior or indulging in

petty mischief, property destruction, and vandalism, as well as more serious

offenses such as theft and assaults.

obtaining a criminal report from a victim or witness to issuing a traffic citation to

interviewing or arresting a suspect in a misdemeanor or felony incident. Police

essential, as well as detaining those accused of crimes. Police officers are

a variety of law enforcement responsibilities without infringing on

constitutional rights. Traditional police patrols, in reality, do little to deter crime.

Police officers' traditional law enforcement function is to detect and

investigate crimes, as well as apprehend those who perpetrate them. Regular

police patrols, as well as responding to victim complaints and witness testimony,

places officers in the public eye as they "guard and serve."

To enforce laws against so-called "victimless" crimes (or, more accurately,

"consensual" crimes, because those involved are voluntary participants), police

work as undercover officers to locate and arrest criminals. The enforcement of

conduct suspect interrogation and physical evidence collecting at a crime scene,

as well as the presentation of evidence in court.

Background of the Study

Section 2 (1-2) of RA No. 9165 otherwise known as the Comprehensive

drugs and other related substances by implementing an integrated system of

anti-drug misuse policies, programs, and initiatives. The government, on the

of acceptable medication. pharmaceuticals, which may entail the use of

potentially harmful drugs.

When Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte took office on June 30,

2016, his administration initiated an extraordinary anti-drug campaign. He

Filipino youngsters. He proclaimed a "war on drugs," targeting users, peddlers,

resolve the drug epidemic (Simbulan, et. al, 2019)

According to the Dangerous Drugs Board (2019), the government agency

cocaine," is the most often used methamphetamine derivative. According to a

methamphetamine consumption among East Asian countries; approximately 2.2

percent of Filipinos aged 16–64 years used methamphetamines.

In the Philippines, the drug problem has generally been considered as a

enforcing a policy of criminalization and punishment. This is evident by the fact

conducted significant door-to-door operations on orders from the President. In

(Simbulan, et. al, 2019).

Project Tokhang produced a considerable number of surrenderers who

were suspected or admitted to being users and/or pushers of illegal substances

age of 18. A large number of children "surrenderers" caused confusion,

drugs campaign on how to apply or interpret the numerous guidelines and

regulations issued by various government agencies, which were designed

2019). In this regard protocols in handling children involved in illegal drugs