Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following text.

The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed slowed down
this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was recorded at the beginning of the twenty-
first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a "pause". This hiatus was first observed several years ago.
Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the
previous year, a study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in
temperature data are corrected.

Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature Climate Change that even
after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this mismatch between what the climate models are
producing and what the observations are showing," says lead author John Fyfe. "We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the
term "slowdown" rather than "hiatus". He also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.

The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature record
maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The finding showed
differences in temperature readings from ships and buoys. This effectively increased the record about warming.
The researchers also extended the record to include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.

Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, calculated the rate of
global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade. This was similar to the 0.116°C a decade
calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer valid.

(Adapted from www.nature.com)

1. The passage above mainly discusses about….

A. the hiatus observation was first carried out several years ago
B. the reason why global warming is slowing down in this century
C. global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of a decade
D. the contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period
E. the view of study in science that the hiatus is an artifact which vanishes

2. The word “prominent” in paragraph 2 means….

A. well-known
B. promenade
C. shrewd
D. indolent
E. magnificent

3. Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?

A. Because there’s no valid data to prove that global warming is real.

B. Since the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature record upheld by
the US NOAA.
C. As an assessment done on Climate Change presenting that warming had slowed was no longer valid.
D. For the researchers is countering that in Nature Climate Change even after correcting these biases the
slowdown was real.
E. Because of the diversification in temperature readings from ships and buoys, the study found.

The following text is for questions 4 to 5.

Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have
shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in science and mathematics education,
scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving,
and team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage
school teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in their
teaching.

Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is beginning to affect how
teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The
curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that
graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may
not be the case because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were
designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are not
familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based on
ICT.

Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one
asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and
knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-service
teachers’ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education
programs need to consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.

(Adapted from www.cjlt.ca)

4. Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an
important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning
outcomes.” in paragraph 1?

A. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching and
learning upshot.
B. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies have shown that ICT can enhance
teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational method.
E. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase teaching and learning
outcomes.

5. Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….

A. educational growth in the last two decades

B. the development of education by using ICT
C. the advantages of using ICT in the learning process
D. teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching
E. ICT and education in today’s learning development

Question number 6 to 8 are based on the following text.

Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion process. This is normal
and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every time after eating and obstructs your ability to
function, this may be a concern. Sleepiness after eating is caused by many factors, such as the type of food you
consume, messy sleeping habits, your health condition and so forth. The body requires energy to function and this
energy is obtained through food. Post-eating, the body releases hormones such as amylin, glucagon and
cholecystokinin. These hormones increase blood sugar levels, creating a feeling of fullness and producing insulin
that will be streamed through cell tissues and provide energy for them. At the same time, the brain releases
serotonin that causes drowsiness.

Moreover, food also influences melatonin production in the brain. This is the hormone that is responsible for
sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, poultry, eggs, fish, spinach, tofu, cheese
and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness than others. Additionally, foods containing carbohydrates also help
produce serotonin and tryptophan amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason why you feel sleepy after
eating carbohydrate-rich foods.

Overeating can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the digestive system to better
digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood and nutrients shortage in the brain. To prevent
post-meal drowsiness, it’s better to eat a balanced diet containing vegetables, grains and good fats to provide
continuous energy. Drink lots of water and limit your sugar intake.

Bad sleeping patterns can also cause sleepiness after eating. After a meal, the body feels full and relaxed, making
the body feel like it is resting, resulting in a feeling of sleepiness, particularly if you didn’t get a good night’s sleep
the night before. To avoid this, improve your sleeping habits to prevent stress. Engaging in regular physical
exercise can help you get a good night’s sleep. It is recommended that you avoid napping if you are having trouble
sleeping at night.

 (Adapted from www.thejakartapost.com)

6. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To discuss the amount of food to consume so as not to feel sleepy

B. To inform the readers about the factors of sleepiness after eating
C. To argue the effect of eating too much foods for the brain
D. To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods
E. To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating

7. By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about….

A. foods that are rich in protein, such as meat, eggs, fish, tofu, cheese and soybeans can generate more
drowsiness
B. overeating protein and carbohydrate-rich foods obstructs your brain’s ability to function well
C. the reason why carbohydrate-rich foods make you feel sleepy
D. food combinations containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel drowsy
E. the hormone melatonin production in the brain is responsible for sleepiness after eating

8. It can be predicted from the passage that….

A. the finer you manage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel
B. the more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain
C. the less you eat carbohydrate-rich foods, the less you will feel drowsy
D. the less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy
E. the less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the body

The text below is for queries 9 to 10

Indonesia is the world’s third-largest coffee producer and exporter, after Brazil and Vietnam. National coffee
output has grown over the past decades, albeit not in a linear fashion as harvests fluctuate strongly from one year to
another depending on the weather. With per-capita coffee consumption on the rise both in Indonesia and the wider
region, there is obvious room for further growth, but there is also an obvious need for investment. The capital
required to take Indonesia’s coffee industry to the next level presents appealing prospects for investors, while the
country’s burgeoning coffee culture also brings opportunities for foreign exporters.

Indonesia’s tropical climate produces almost ideal conditions for planting coffee. Today, most Indonesian coffee
comes from Sumatra, but Sulawesi and Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands of Bali, Sumbawa and Flores as well
as the country’s easternmost region of Papua all contribute to national output. Robusta coffee makes up more than
three quarters of Indonesia’s produce; the remainder is of the milder Arabica type. The numerous coffee-growing
regions in the country produce beans of distinct flavors and properties, and a number of highland Arabica coffees
from Indonesia are recognized by aficionados the world over.

Indonesian coffee exports rose from 336,840 tonnes (or 5,614,000 60-KG bags) in crop year 2000/2001 to 656,400
tonnes (10,940,000 bags) in 2012/2013, according to data collated by the International Coffee Organization. Total
production over the same period increased from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes. At present, the principal
destinations for Indonesian coffee are the US, Japan and Western Europe (particularly Germany), but Indonesia is
well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region and in China.

Indonesian per-capita consumption of around 1.2 kg in 2012 pales against more than 4 kg in the US, around 7 kg in
the world’s number one coffee producer Brazil and more than 10 kg in various European countries. But with
Indonesian per-capita consumption having already doubled in just a few years, domestic demand looks to be on a
fast growth trend. This puts the world’s fourth-most populous country on course to become a leading coffee
market. Local demand is driven by the lifestyle changes that accompany urbanization and economic development.
Caffeine consumption tends to increase when a larger part of the labor force works in an office environment.

(Adapted from www.gbgindonesia.com)

9. What is the best summary of the passage?

A. The primary destinations for Indonesian coffee export are the US, Japan and Western Europe
B. Total production of Indonesian coffee over the same period has increased
C. Indonesia is well placed to capitalize on the fast-rising demand in the ASEAN region
D. The various coffee-growing in the country produce beans of distinct flavors
E. Indonesia’s coffee growing and Indonesia’s coffee industry needs growth capital

10. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 in the passage?

A. The coffee export has decreased in several years

B. Total production deducted from 419,220 tonnes to 763,800 tonnes
C. Indonesian coffee exports increased from 2000/2001 to 2012/2013
D. Indonesia is in a good site to take advantage of fast-rising demand in ASEAN
E. The US, Japan and Western Europe are the destination for Indonesian coffee

Questions 1 through 10
Lichens, of which more than twenty thousand species have been named, are complex affiliations between certain
green growth. The lichen itself is most certainly not a creature: rather it is the morphological and biochemical
result of the affiliation. Neither an organism nor an alga alone can create lichen. The close relationship between
these two living parts of lichen was once mistakenly in spite of the fact that to speak to mutualism. In shared
connections, both members advantage. With lichens, be that as it may, it shows up the growth really parasitizes the
green growth. This is one of the conclusions drawn from tests in which the two parts of lichens were isolated also,
become separated. In nature, lichen growths may experience and become around saveral sorts of green growth. A
few sorts of green growth the growths may slaughter; different sorts it may dismiss. Lichen green growth are
autotrophic, significance they make their own nourishment through photosynthesis. Lichen growths are
heterotrophic, significance they rely on the green growth inside of the lichen to supply their nourishment. Up to
ninety percent of than nourishment made by the green alga cell is exchanged to the parasite. What, if anything, the
organism adds to the affiliation is not surely knew. Lichens are scarcely. The develop in numerous environments
furthermore, are frequently pioneers in threatening situations where couple of different creatures can thrive. They
have been known not endolithically, having been found flourishing inside of rocks in Antartica. Lichen help lessen
disintegration by settling soil. Saveral sorts of creepy crawlies paste lichens to their exoskeletons for disguise.
Numerous types of fowls utilization lichens as building materials for homes. Human have utilized lichens for
colors and anti-toxins.

1. Which of the accompanying best portrays lichen affiliation?

A. Straightforward plants made of two diverse autotrophic organims.

B. A common relationship between an organism and an alga
C. A parasitic relationship between two organisms, one autotrophic, the second autotrophic
D. A union between a parasitic organism and an autotrophic alga

2. “Scarcely” in line 26 is clossest in intending to

A. Delicate
B. Strong
C. Furnished
D. Gainful

3. In Biology, mutualism happens when two diverse living being live near one another and

A. One creature parasitizes the other

B. Both creature advantage from the affiliation
C. Both creature are hurt by the affiliation
D. One creature advantages while alternate does not or is hurt by the affiliation

4. In line 7, “cozy” is closest in intending to

A. living
B. Phenomenal
C. Natural
D. Close

5. Lichen serves as cover for which of the accompanying?

A. Creepy crawlies
B. Winged creatures
C. Reptiles
D. Well evolved creatures

6. The genuine way of the relationship between the lichen segments was elucidated by

A. Inspecting lichens with a magnifying instrument

B. Watching lichens palced oblivious
C. Watching the lichen segment when become separated
D. Diminishing the measure of supplements accessible to the lichens

7. In line 27, “antagonistic” is clossestnin the intending to

A. Irregular
B. Cool
C. Untraveled
D. Unwelcoming

8. An endolithic lichen is one that

A. Develops in the shelters of trees

B. Develops inside rocks
C. Develops at high heights
D. Develops inside other living being, including different lichens

9. Numerous lichens contribute at the groups they in propensities by

A. Expelling poisons from the air

B. Controlling wood-spoiling growths
C. Abating the spread of infections
D. Decreasing soil disintegration

Question 11 through 20 are in light of the accompanying entry.

At the point when purchasing a house, you must make sure to have it checked for termites. A termite is much like
an burrowing little creature in its mutual propensities, albeit physically the two creepy crawlies are unmistakable.
Like those ants, termite states comprise of diverse classes, each with its own specific occupation. The most
impeccably shaped termites, both male and female, make up the gainful class. They have eyes, hard body dividers
and completely created wings. A couple of conceptive termites establishes the province. At the point when new
conceptive termites create, they leave to shape another province. They utilize their wings just this on time and after
that sever them. The specialist termites are little, dazzle and wingless, with delicate bodies. They make up the
dominant part of the province and do all the work. Troopers are eyeless and wingless however are bigger than the
specialists what’s more, have hard heads and solid jaws and legs. They shield the state and are tended to by the
specialists. The male and female of the conceptive class stay inside a shut in cell when the female lays a great
many eggs. The laborers put the eggs in cell and look after them. Regardless of the possibility that one province is
dealt with with toxic substance, if a male and female of the regenerative class escape, they can shape another
province. Bug control organizations can examine a house for infestation of termites. Regularly, of layman can not
spot the confirmation, so it is discriminating to have the supposition of a proffesional. Medicines change contingent
on the sort of termite.

10. How are termites like ants?

A. They live in groups, and every class has a particular obligation

B. Their bodies are the same shape
C. The lord and ruler are detained
D. The females’ regenerative limits are the same

11. “Public” in line 3 is nearest in intending to

A. Eating
B. Duplicating
C. Authoritative
D. Social

12. Which of the accompanying is not genuine?

A. All termites have eyes

B. A few termites can’t fly
C. Laborers are littler than fighters
D. Termites don’t fly frequently
13. In line 4, “particular” is nearest in intending to

A. Comparable
B. Distinctive
C. Hereditarily related
D. Solid

14. In line 6, “classes” is nearest in intending to

A. Genders
B. Settlements
C. Courses
D. Classes

15. Which of the accompanying articulations is likely genuine?

A. A huge number of termites may move together to build up another settlement

B. The male and female generations don’t wander outside with the exception of
to frame another settlement.
C. There are a bigger number of troopers than laborers
D. A specialist could without much of a stretch execute a fighter

16. “Establishes” in line 10 is closest in intending to

A. Sets up
B. Pulverizes
C. Control
D. Protects

17. Which of the accompanying would be the best title for this section?

A. Termites Destroy Houses

B. Termites Work Well Together
C. The Habits and Physical Characteristics of Termites
D. The relationship of Soldier and Worker Termites

18. “Every” in line 6 alludes to

A. Ants
B. States
C. Occupations
D. Classes