BAHASA INGGRIS

Selasa, 31 Maret 2020

Questions 1- 3 are based on the following text.

The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has
indeed slowed down this century. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was
recorded at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a
"pause". This hiatus was first observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this
as evidence that global warming has stopped permanently. But in June the previous year, a study
in science claimed that the hiatus was just an artifact which disappears when biases in
temperature data are corrected.
Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim. They argue in Nature
Climate Change that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this
mismatch between what the climate models are producing and what the observations are
showing," says lead author John Fyfe. "We can't ignore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather
than "hiatus". He also stresses that it does not in any way weaken global-warming theory.
The study that questioned the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the
surface temperature record maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA). The finding showed differences in temperature readings from ships and
buoys. This effectively increased the record about warming. The researchers also extended the
record to include 2014. This set a new record high for average temperatures.
Thomas Karl, director of National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville,
calculated the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113°C per decade. This
was similar to the 0.116°C a decade calculated for 2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an
assessment done by the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 showing
that warming had slowed was no longer valid.

1. The passage above mainly discusses about….

A. the hiatus observation was first carried out several years ago
B. the reason why global warming is slowing down in this century
C. global warming is a verifiable issue in the space of a decade
D. the view of study in science that the hiatus is an artifact which vanishes
E. the contention about global warming and whether it is indeed slowing this period

2. The word “prominent” in paragraph 2 means….

A. well-known
B. promenade
C. magnificent
D. shrewd
E. indolent

3. Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?

A. Because there’s no valid data to prove that global warming is real.
B. Since the existence of the slowdown corrected known biases in the surface temperature
record upheld by the US NOAA.
C. As an assessment done on Climate Change presenting that warming had slowed was no
longer valid.
D. For the researchers is countering that in Nature Climate Change even after correcting
these biases the slowdown was real.
E. Because of the diversification in temperature readings from ships and buoys, the study
found.

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 The following text is for questions 4 to 5.
Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the
one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For
example, in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT
can improve students’ conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills.
Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school
teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in
their teaching.

Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is
beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is
integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT
in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs
have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because
most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were designed
by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses
are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching
learning processes based on ICT.

Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct
process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is
important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers
of teacher education programs should know the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and
their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to
consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.

4. Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT
has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can
enhance teaching and learning outcomes.” in paragraph 1?
A. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop
teaching and learning upshot.
B. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies have shown
that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational
method.
E. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase teaching and
learning outcomes.

5. Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses….

A. educational growth in the last two decades
B. the development of education by using ICT
C. the advantages of using ICT in the learning process
D. ICT and education in today’s learning development
E. teachers need to be trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching

The following text is for questions 6 to 10.

Some people say that the view that women are better parents than men has been shown
throughout history. This is not said that men are not important in child-rearing; indeed, they are
most necessary if children are to appreciate fully the roles of both sexes. But women have proven
themselves to be superior parents as a result of their conditioning, their less aggressive nature
and their generally better communication skills.
From the time they are little girls, females learn about nurturing. First with dolls and later
perhaps with younger brothers and sisters; girls are given the role of career. Girls see their
mothers in the same roles, so it is natural that they identify this as a female activity. Boys, in
contrast, learn competitive roles, meaning they tend to see the future in terms of raising families.
Girl also appear to be less aggressive than boys. In adulthood, it is men, not women, who
prove to be the aggressors in crime and in war. Obviously, in raising children, a more patient,
gentle manner is preferable to the more aggressive one. Although there certainly exist gentle men

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 and aggressive women, by and large, female are less likely to resort to violence in attempting to
solve problems. Finally, women tend to be better communicators than men. This is shown in
intelligence tests, where females, on average, do better in verbal communication than males. Of
course, communication is of utmost importance in rearing children, as children tend to learn from
and adopt the communication styles of their parents.
Thus, while it is all very good to suggest a greater role for men in raising children, let us not
forget that women are generally better suited to the parenting role.

6. The main information of the text is about …

A. The importance of men and women in child rearing
B. The different attitudes of men and women as parents.
C. The reason why women are better parents than men.
D. The reluctance of men to play the role of parents
E. The superior role of women in the family

7. Most women are good mothers because they …

A. Have brothers and sisters with whom they play
B. Had to learn about nurturing when they were children
C. Have never dreamed of adventures like boys
D. Are not to learn about competitive roles
E. Have known the role of career since childhood

8. As parents, women in general play a more important role than men because they are …
A. Not aggressive at all
B. Good communicators
C. Superior human beings
D. Experienced in raising children
E. Capable of solving problems

9. The following are the general characteristics of men, EXCEPT …

A. Impatient
B. Aggressive
C. Adventurous
D. Irresponsible
E. Competitive

10. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about parents in general?
A. Children love their mothers more than they love their fathers
B. All fathers tend to be aggressive and violent toward their children
C. Mothers play a greater role in the education of their children
D. Even gentle fathers are unable to communicate with children
E. There is no communication between fathers and their children

The following text is for questions 11 to 15

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way – by eating less. A whole lot less. As a
volunteer in the two-year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake
of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie
intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-year-
old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and is down to his high
school weight.
Yet, that's not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating
only three-quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE
study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and
extend our life span. "I feel better and lighter and healthier," says Apollos. "But if it could help

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you live longer, that would be pretty amazing." The idea is counterintuitive: if we eat to live,
how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calorie-restriction studies
involving organisms ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the
life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study led by researchers at
the University of Wisconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer tour species, finding that
calories restriction seemed to extend the lives of humanlike rhesus monkeys as well. The hungry
primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than
their well-fed counterparts did.
However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anything you
go on a diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level
and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie
restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still
containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.

11. Which of the following ideas from the text above contain an opinion?
A. The melting of body fat by having less foods
B. Restricting calories consumption for longevity
C. Apollos' feeling better and lighter and healthier
D. Apollos' restricting his daily calorie consumption
E. Absence of disease due to controlling calorie intake

12. The study aims at evaluating the impact of calorie restriction on …

A. Minimizing the risks of getting serious illnesses
B. Reducing the amount of extreme fat accumulation
C. Controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels
D. Enhancing the feeling of happiness and health
E. Aging-process slowing and life span extension

13. If the information in the text is true, the risks that someone whose calories consumption is
controlled up to the portion suggested in the study suffers from bone cancer are …
A. Unpredictable
B. Substantial
C. Indefinite
D. Negligible
E. Serious

14. The following is among other things the empirical impacts of the study mentioned in the text,
EXCEPT …
A. Good feelings
B. Good healthiness
C. Slender body shape
D. Emotion stability
E. Long life expectancy

15. As mentioned in the text, the study held at the multicenter CALERIE, Tufts University in
Boston has employed a research method that seems to be …
A. Methodological
B. Ultramodern
C. Conventional
D. Complicated
E. temporary

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The following text is for questions 16 to 17

Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other
air pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid rain may have a
pH value as low as 2.8.
Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for example, have lost
all fish and plant life because of acid rain.
Acid rain comes from sulphur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulphur dioxide (SO2).
Most sulphur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO2) and most nitrogen is
also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2), both of which are gases. The gases may
be dry deposited—absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by the surface vegetation. If they are
in the atmosphere for any time, the gases will oxidise (gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution
as acids.
Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4) and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3). The
acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated
as acid rain. Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone and ammoriium help promote the
formation of acids in clouds. More ammonium (NH4) can be formed when some of the acids are
partially neutralised by airborne ammonia (NH3). Acidication increases with the number of
active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by for example, car exhausts
will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone. Although it is invaluable in the
atmosphere, low level ozone causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid
rain. When acid rain falls on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminium
(Al). When it is washed into lakes, aluminium irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. As acid
rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake falls. Forests suffer the effect of acid rain
through damage to leaves, tlrough the loss of vital nutrients, and through the increased amounts
of toxic metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil micro organisms.

16. Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. The bold word has the closest
meaning to...
A. Harm
B. Hang
C. Endow
D. Produce
E. Develop

17. The main purpose of the writer is?

A. To report the acid rain in general
B. To explain the process of acid rain.
C. To persuade the reader to prevent acid rain.
D. To discuss the danger of acid rain in the air.
E. To present two different opinion on acid rain process.

The following text is for questions 18 to 20

Most people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is desirable for the good of the
family and society. But individuals and groups— especially religious groups—differ sharply on
the methods of birth control that they consider moral and acceptable.
Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or space
their children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having children so that
both partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so they can give each child
as much attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctors to avoid pregnancy for
health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing populations, the government encourages
couples to limit the size of their families.
Even though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continuous.
Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual relations outside marriage or that
government might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose birth control on moral
grounds.

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Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because they
separate the two purposes of intercourse in marriage—conjugal love and the procreation of
children. Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning
acceptable.

18. The issue of the text is....

A. government’s population program
B. birth control
C. family planning programs
D. sex control
E. family limitation

19. Young couples often postpone having children … (par.2) The bold word means....
A. suspect
B. direct
C. suspend
D. recall
E. respect

20. From the text, we can conclude that...

A. everyone doesn’t agree to family limitation
B. the government doesn’t support birth control
C. the religious group agree of using artificial contraception
D. some women must not pregnant because of health reason
E. young couples don’t want to have many children because they are very busy