GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, SOLAPUR

MAHARASTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI.

A PROJECT REPORT ON
STUDY ON PLANNING OF PROCESSES FROM RAW
MATERIAL TO FINISHED PRODUCT & FACTORS
AFFECTING PROCESS PLANNING.
SUBMITTED BY
ROL NAME ENROLLMENT NO.
L NO.
25 MOHAN NAGESH MADGUNDI 2000150529
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE SIXTH SEMESTER
OF
DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

(GUIDE) ( H.O.D )
DR. R. S. LALBODRE PROF. C.B. SHETE

1
!111111111111111111111111111
 CERTIFICATE

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, SOLAPUR

MAHARASTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI.

THIS IS CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING SDUDENT

ROL NAME ENROLLMENT NO.
L NO.
25 MOHAN NAGESH MADGUNDI 2000150529

OF SISTH SEMESTER OF DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING OF INSTITUTE GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,
SOLAPUR (CODE:- 0015 ) HAVE COMPLETED THE MICRO-PROJECT
WORK SATISFACTORILY UNDER MY SUPERVISION GUIDANCEIN
IEQC (22657) THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023 AS RESCRIBED IN THE
I-SCHEME CURRICULUM.

( GUIDE ) ( H.O.D )
DR. R. S. LALBODRE PROF. C.B. SHETE

2
!111111111111111111111111111
 1.INDEX

SR. TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
1. A PROJEVT REPORT 1
2. CERTIFICATE PAGE 2
3. INDEX PAGE 3
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
5. INTRODUCTION 5
6. PLANNING OF PROCESSES FROM RAW 6-7
MATERIAL TO FINISHED PRODUCT.
7. FACTORS AFFECTING PROCESS PLANNING. 8
8. CONCLUSION 9
9. REFERANCE 10

3
!111111111111111111111111111
 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express our profound and sincere gratitude to our guide,

who guided us into the intricacies of this micro project non-chalantly
with matchless magnanimity. We are indebted to his constant
encouragement, co-operation and help. It was his enthusiastic support
that helped us in overcoming the various obstacles in this project.

I would also like to express our thankfulness to our beloved

Principal, H.O.D. and other faculty members of our Mechanical
Department for extending their support and motivation.

Finally, I would be failing in our duty, if we don't acknowledge the

cooperation rendered during various stages of this micro-project by our
group members.

Thank you......!

4
!111111111111111111111111111
 3.INTRODUCTION

The system or a process responsible for the conversion of raw

material in to finished product by the most economical way within the
limit of design specifications.
The process parameters which is used to convert the part into the
final product. Process planning is the intermediate stage between
DESIGNING & MANUFACTURING of the product.
In General, The Inputs To Process Planning Are:
1). Design data 2). Raw material data 3). Facilities data
4). Quality requirements data 5). Production type data
The Output Of Process Planning Is The Process Plan:
1). Process Plan Sheet 2). Process Sheet 3). Operation Sheet
4). Planning Sheet 5). Route Sheet 6). Route Plan
7). Part Program
Process Planning Has The Following Important Functions:
1) To determine the basic manufacturing process.
2) To determine the sequence of operations.
3) To determine the equipment's and tooling required.
Who does Process Planning ?
Tradionally, Process Planning is done by manufacturing engineers who
are familiar with the particular processes in the factory and are able to
read engineering drawings.
Based on their Knowledge, skill and experience, they develop the
processing steps in the most logical sequence required to make each part.

5
!111111111111111111111111111
 4. INFORMATION & PROCESS PLANNING CONSIT.

1). INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR PP

The following information is needed to develop a process plan.
Knowledge of Various manufacturing processes.
Engineering drawing of the component.
Knowledge of various tooling and fixtures.
Relative costs of various processes, tooling and raw materials.
Resources available in the factory.
Ability to do computations on machining time and cost.
Knowledge to use reference books, such as machinability data handbook
PROCESS PLANNING CONSITS OF
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION TO BE PERFORMED.
SELECTING THE PROPER MACHINE.
SELECTING THE PROPER TOOLS.
JIGS & FIXTURES.
MATERIAL TO BE USED.
SPECIFYING THE INSPECTION STAGES.
DETAIL LIKE SPEED, FEED, DEPTH OF CUT, ETC.

5.PLANNING OF PROCESSES FROM RAW MATERIAL TO FINISHED

PRODUCT.
Based on their Knowledge, skill and experience, they develop the processing steps in the most
logical sequence required to make each part.
I. Part Print Analysis.
II. Make or buy decision.
III. To Select Basic Manufacturing Process.
IV. To Determine the Sequence of Operation.
V. Combine the Operations.
VI. Selection of Machine Tools and Equipment.
VII. Inspection.
VIII. Miscellaneous Functions.
IX. Preparation of Operation & Route sheet.
X.
I.PART PRINT ANALYSIS.
 Process planing takes the input from the design department in the form of drawing & other
manufacturing specifications.
6
!111111111111111111111111111
  These inputs are properly studied & the part list is made to determine the number of parts required
in the final product.

II.MAKE OR BUY DECISION.

 It is not feasible to manufacture all the parts in the parts in the final assembly because some parts are
cheaply available and some are difficult or require more time.
 So a decision is to be made as to which parts are to be manufactured & which are to be purchased
from outside & the list is given to the purchasing department.
III. TO SELECT BASIC MANUFACTURING PROCESS.

 Once the decision to manufacture the part is made then the next step is to determine, which basic
operations like casing, forging, etc. are to be performed on the purchasing department.

IV. TO DETERMINE THE SEQUENCE OF OPERATION.

 Once the manufacturing process is selected, then the sequence of operation is to be determined.

V.COMBINE THE OPERATIONS.

 The cost of processing can be reduced by eliminating unnecessary operations.
 This can be achieved in number of ways and are accomplished through proper planning.
 Operations can be performed in two ways:
A. By Simulation
 Simulation involves those combinations where two or more elements of an operation, or two or more
operations are performed at the same time.
 Example: series of hole to be drilled simultaneously using a multiple spindle drill press. Cuter are
specially designed.

B.By Integration
 Where several individual elements of an operation or group of operations are combined in succession but
not simultaneously.
 Example: Taping is done after drilling hole on the same set up by just changing the tool.
VI.SELECTION OF MACHINE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.
 Depending on the quantity of product, quality, surface finish required, cost of product, type of material
etc. the machines & tools are selected.
VII.INSPECTION.
 Quality related in-process inspection is an essential part of quality control in manufacturing.
  It includes measuring, examining or testing one or more characteristics of a product or process.
 Inspection includes separation of defective parts from the non-defective parts.
VIII. MISCELLANEOUS FUCTION.
 It invoves other activities like labour requirement, setting time standards & estimating the cost of
production.
IX.PREPARATION OF OPERATION & ROUTE SHEET.
 This sheet contains the steps to be followed during manufacturing.
 It lists the manufacturing operations in the decided sequence, tools, set up & operation time, along with the
machines associated with each operation.

7
!111111111111111111111111111
 6. FACTORS AFFECTING PROCESS PLANNING.

1.PRODUCTIN METHODS.
2.SIZE AND TYPE OF RAW MATERIAL.
3.PROCESS CAPABILITY.
4.QUANTITY TO BE MANUFACTURED.
5.DELIVERY DATES OF THE PRODUCTS.
6.SURFACE FINISH AND ACCURACY REQUIRED.

1.PRODUCTIN METHODS.
 The process by which  product is made has a direct impact on the  process planning because variation of
the  process will vary  the type of machine  tool, equipments, production time, production cost type  of
labour required  and also  the quality and surface finish  of the  components.

2. SIZE AND TYPE OF RAW MATERIAL.

 The size and type of material determines as to which basic method of manufacturing should be used. E.g.
Components like connecting rods are produced by casting or forging.
 The speed of machining, types of fixtures used, the coolant used, cutting tools used etc. vary from material
to material and for diffirent sizes of same material.

3.PROCESS CAPABILITY.

 Process capability tells about the natural tolerance of the machine.

 The knowledge of process capability of machine enable the engineer to compare it with design tolerance &
thereby make the right selection.

4.QUANTITY TO BE MANUFACTURED.
 Higher the quantity, the more refined & more economical the process in detail.
 Mass production generally demands special pupose machines & medium or job production requires
general purpose machines.

5.DELIVERY DATES OF THE PRODUCTS.

 Longer delivery dates allows sufficient time for the process engineer to plan every aspect of the process in
detail.
 For short delivery periods the production schedule has to be expedited & many parts have to be ordered
from outside or overtime is required.

6.SURFACE FINISH AND ACCURACY REQUIRED.

 The surface finish required varies with the type of tool, machine and manufacturing process selected. For
smooth surface finish super finishing operations are required.
 Closer tolerance requires new & precision machinces (C.N.C.) & skilled operators.

8
!111111111111111111111111111
 7.CONCLUSION

That's it. Production planning is done easily with the right tools. By
allocating resources carefully, planning for inventory, and avoiding mistakes, we
can deliver or manufacture our orders on time.
First, we introduced the system or a process responsible for the conversion of
raw material in to finished product by the most economical way within the limit of
design specifications. Then, we talked about thesome base knowledge and
information & process planning consit.
Note before creating a production or process plan and talked about the
planning of processes from raw material to finished product. & also factors
affecting process planning.

9
!111111111111111111111111111
 8.REFERANCE.

1) www.msbtesolution.com
2) https://www.google.com
3) https://www.slideshare.net
4) https://www.smallbusiness,chron.com
5) https://www.ques10.com/p/39713/define-process-planning-state-the-factors-
affect-1/
6) https://www.expertsmind.com/questions/factors-affecting-process-planning-
processing-method-30127143.aspx
7) https://smallbusiness.chron.com/factors-affect-planning-organization-72.html
8) https://www.srividyaengg.ac.in/questionbank/Mech/QB114751.pdf
9) https://www.gwynedd.llyw.cymru
10) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2486820
11) https://learngxp.com
12) https://www.pcpolytechnic.com
13) https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/27217/1/Unit-1.pdf
14) https://www.optiproerp.com/blog/what-are-the-steps-in-production-
planning-and-control/
15) https://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:718386/FULLTEXT01.pdf

10
!111111111111111111111111111