Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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( 45 32 01! #$ . #$ / ( ,-. *+ (
1
! " 9 ?1n G% a n = n(log(n + 1) log n) / @/U 7 -113
1
1 (4 log e (3 log e (2 <LA (1
2
Sin x
(. " J 0A c U / ) ! " 9 ? lim Cot x `A 7 -114
x 0 x
. 7 (4 1 (3 <LA (2 -1 (1
! 3 37 # &' 1 , >8 xSin x 1 = 0 ] -115
6 (4 5 (3 4 (2 2 (1
x2
! " 9 ? AB >8 . &G 4 -6 3G _ 4;< B Ae3 1 f (x) = 2 Z - . / 4d D G -116
x2 1
3 (4 5 (3 2 (2 2 (1
x
9 =? tan 1 x= 23 1 f (x) = 2 + Cos Sin 2x 2 Z - . /< " f/ g' f / \ 8 < -117
2
(. " J 0A c U /)! "
2 2 1 1
(4 (3 (2 (1
5 9 5 9
d 2y
! " 9 ? (2 , 1) 23 3 1 x2y + y 2 + 3 = 0 2 8 -118
2
dx
-6 (4 -8 (3 -9 (2 -11 (1
! " 9 ? 4x 0 EF %i. 23 1 f 1 - . &0& < $h % RS ] 1 f (x) = x + e x < -119
y + 2x = 2 (4 y 2x = 1 (3 2y + x = 1 (2 2y x = 1 (1
! "\ H EF <]3. 1>8 9 ? 1 y = x ln x - . / -120
1 1 1 1
( , 1) (4 (0 , ) (3 ( , 0) (2 ( 1, ) (1
e e e e
ˆ =
1 MAB = 8 W4 ? <" . A 23 8 7 0/2 <" 1 AB = 10 <2% >< $ <M 23 -121
! " 9 ? 1 MA = 6 <. j0
M
0/025 (1
0/040 (2
0/045 (3
A B 0/050 (4
5 7
(2 (1
6 9
c x
1 4 4 8
(4 (3
3 9
2 x2 x
! " 9 ?1 dx 5 <kG `A 7 -124
x +1
1
1 + Ln2 (4 + Ln2 (3 1 Ln2 (2 Ln2 (1
2
2
<= .$ =4 = =G 1D =23 =. BC > = % >8 = =B 23 8 BA m " 1 (AB = AC)ABC \ % G l@_ -125
D ! " U &' A 81 CD = CA
102 (1
A 105 (2
108 (3
B C 112 (4
=2 0 ><= =?< .$ 4 G CE = CA BD = BA 4>8 1n<6 <4 8 BC -@Z (AB < AC)ABC l@_ -126
! " ABC l@_ c U 9 ? < 1ADE l@_
A 8 @S 8 / (4 BC -@Z < K L. (3 BC -@Z < j (2 BC op& / (1
! " 9 ? < < MN × MP `A 7 . " KiZ[ 8 G ABCD 1 `Q -127
A B AB 2 (1
AD 2 (2
M N
MD 2 (3
D C P MA 2 (4
MB + MC
! " k' . "A 8 U S8 / M 23 1 `Q -128
AB + AC
A 1 8 <.q (1
M
1 8 <G/? (2
1 < < (3
C
B rX# < s (4
C B ><= <=4 <= =4f =/ . &? -2% C B ; <L >< A < Y RS . V<G# A 23 -6 3G >< -129
! c U 9 ? 1-6 % RS WS<' MBC l@_ . -6 3G M 23
ˆ
BMC 8 (4 7 (3 R 0 (2 MA (1
! " 9 ? < < 1 MB × MC 3 . "> $" OA <2% >< < f / BC <. OA K ] >< -130
2
MO (1
M C
B MA 2 (2
O A
OA 2 (3
MA MO (4
\ 8 <4 <> % <" ? A ft \% G /h % l@_ $" < . ; <L 0LA >< A 23 -131
! ? " &4 ` .9 ?1 4><
E (4 u D. (3 5 3G (2 ^ .8 (1
EF 8 =23 4 <=4 =? = E &' 1; <L 23 " < Y T 0LA 8 <s 0LA . ; <L 0LA -% < s 23 :' -132
! " 9 ? T 0LA \ ]. . & @A B 0LA
4 (4 3 (3 2 (2 1 (1
3
<= = 8f & = ?1 AM = AB < . &G 4 ; <L OB = i + 5j + 4k OA = 3i + j T pGX t O 23 -133
4
! " 9 ? 4y 0 OM
3 2 2 2
(4 (3 (2 (1
7 5 7 5
x+b y 3 z
$=4 <= =/ -=% 0LA (x = 2y 3 z = 2y 2) = = T[ ] RS b a 3 9 ? 8 -134
a 2 4
! &G 4
a = 3 , b = 2 (4 a = 3 , b = 2 (3 a = 3 , b = 4 (2 a = 3 , b = 2 (1
! " 9 ? 4x + 3y z = 2 z = 4 T[ ] 0LA V<G# `pB 8 A(2 , 1 , 5) 23 @A B -135
3 (4 2 (3 3 (2 2 (1
3
=23 1 = =7 3 EF K ]= 5 =7 ><= \ ?< < . " f / 3x + 4y = 0 ] RS 4x 0 < >< -136
! " 5 69 ? 4x 0 EF V<G#
2/5 (4 2 (3 1/5 (2 1 (1
= EF ft 5 =6 . =&? -2% 5 1 4;< 23 4y 0 /:" \ . " 7 2 /:" 4 RS . E ? @A B -137
! " 9 ? _ i
5 9 3 5
(4 (3 (2 (1
2 4 2 4
y2 x2
= 1 T =A = 1 = U > kG=" 6 <X -23 ] 1 . _@_ :U
>8 T pGX 4 0 E -138
2 10 4
! " 9 ? $ % > kG" EF ] . "> G
x 2 3xy + y 2 = 5 (4 x 2 + 3xy y 2 = 10 (3 x 2 xy + y 2 = 5 (2 x 2 + xy + y 2 = 10 (1
2 ; i j
! " 9 ? < < A 2 4A u <. 1 a ij = < A = a ij u <. -139
1 ; i=j 3×3
5I (4 3I (3 5A t (2 3A t (1
2 6 5
! " 9 ? A 1 u <. 9 " E G" 9 <2" 1 A = 2 1 0 < -140
1 4 2
3 2 3 2
(4 (3 (2 (1
2 3 2 3
G=" = U . EF <B < &' < 8 J2" 7 S @ 2G / 7 S < 1 G" H < vG > & G" 4> -141
! k' 7 \ 1 Z<B
. <? E . / <j :C (4 S < S (3 S > S (2 S = S (1
! "9 ? F 4> \k 1 @ 2G / U . -142
f
16 14/2 (1
14
14/3 (2
11
8 14/4 (3
x
9 11 13 15 17 19 14/5 (4
4
! 45 6 &' 5 .< 8 ` ? n < -149
15 (4 12 (3 10 (2 8 (1
! " 9 ? 39 < \ $ 3. > / % 1 7 5 d .<. 13 9 < $ 3. > / % < -150
24 (4 21 (3 20 (2 12 (1
! " 9 ? a+b+c 1 (abc) 5 = (cba) 8 < -151
10 (4 9 (3 8 (2 7 (1
! " 9 ? 1 11a ! 1 (19 / H) ? 6 a /% ]. -152
30 (4 28 (3 27 (2 25 (1
! <LA &' M (2) u <. 1 :U n < <C &G u <. M < -153
a b 7 (1
8 (2
9 (3
d c
10 (4
! " 9 ? 1 xi 5 e< x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = 10 ] _ J 0A 4^ U ]. -154
21 (4 20 (3 18 (2 15 (1
=A 5 5 =/G7 = B > kG" 5 p0 EF A 45 ^ ] A 3 5 /G7 A > kG" 5 p0 [ ? A 55 1 . ?< -155
\= 5 =/G7 9 ? 1 " ^ ] ?$ $ &? ^ XG B p. ` ? 6 [? < . &G 4 $4 8 `3G > kG" . "^ ]
! " A > kG" 5 p0 [ ?
15 7 6 11
(4 (3 (2 (1
26 13 13 26
55:
r A = 30ti + ( 5t 2 + 40t)j
=j0 . =" T =A = SI 1 &&? ?<7 0LA ? B A V<0G EQ 4 < -157
r B = 45ti + ( 5t 2 + 60t)j
! " <G &' $4 8 V<0G @A B t = 2s
140 (4 100 (3 70 (2 50 (1
uH t 2 = 3 / 2s t 1 = 2s 4 j0 @ ' 4 3 < . ^ .<H [ $h % G" \ 8 J2" 8 @ -158
m
(g = 10 ) ! " <G &' j0 \ \ 8 >8 > 6 B 1 &? & ] K L. 8 ^ .<H 8
s2
4/8 (4 3/6 (3 2/4 (2 1/8 (1
. = ^ .<H [ "t 8 niGS IB 60° 8 0. \ 8 23 8 V E Q <" @ -159
= @ =?<7 <j n<A 4 3 8 ) ! " 9 ? $4 8 4EF @A B 1 < <% \ 8 8 K L. @ ? j0
(. ;<B <
3 V "t
V "t (4 (3 2V "t (2 V "t (1
2 2
5 =7 = $= U =? G =7 F 3 \ <G# . F < 1 Q. $h % ? 20N E8 / U 1 `Q -160
(Cos 53° = 0 / 6) ! " E . &' 1 / E Q"
500 500
(2 (1
11 19
53° F 200 200
(4 (3
µs = 0 / 2 11 19
5
=& F< =:U =? j0 . " x = t 3 6t 2 + 8t T A SI 1 &? ?<7 $ 3G < ? / U E 8 -E Q ] -161
! " < <G &' $ U <" 1 ; $ U< 4<
9 (4 8 (3 4 (2 3 (1
=4 < & F< < . > #? [ $h % G" F = 10N < 1 " 9< 100 9 ? <4 9<U ? # 3@7 5 ` < D 8 -162
F
! "9 ? 1 F 3@7 \ <.\ H < 4< & F< F 3@7 \ <.[ <
F = 10N F
1 (1
10
(2
3
3 (3
4 (4
a = 3 i + 4 j j0 SI EF ^ G < < . " xoy 0LA r = 2m K ] >< S &Q ?<7 5 7 > | -163
! " < <G &' EF <" 1
10 (4 5 (3 10 (2 5 (1
N
<=&B = =S< 8 u=H = 4 1 " 440 EF ? $h % <&B [ h K L. 8 200g 9<U @ 1< 8 `Q I 2 -164
m
= <= <=G =&' A =23 E /4 WG <" 1 4 <&B [ 8 2h K L. 8 @ < . F \ HA 23 . 1EF E <? > <#B
m
(. <j n<A }< ni. 8 g = 10 )! 4 S
s2
h 2 2 (1
10cm 2 5 (2
A
2 (3
20 (4
W =B (i) W =. 8 < . &? #& 8 Q 8 uH > # #& 48 k . .<H 1< 8 `Q I 2 -165
B :
. W4 ? i 8 (1
i i . W B r 8 (2
r r
. W4 ? r 8 (3
60 ° 60 °
A C . W4 ? n <0 8• (4
="$ = <2% . <% EF 8 > <H 2D <2% >< -& @A B R" D <2% >< ? 0LA -166
! 9 ? g' " 8 d .<. " <2%
<LA 4D (4 <LA D (3 D 4D (2 D D (1
<= =/ =6 Q > D 8 (1) &F . 8" 30° 8 $4 < 8 `Q I 2 1 8 5 6 X. &F -167
(2) ! 4 S ^ .8 4 & F S< &' \ . Y EF 8 1(1) &F
1 (1
2 (2
30 ° (1)
3 (3
4 (4
1
. = $ U 5 6 op < p. 5 6 1$ &? &F <G G " 10 $ U < . " $ U 5 6 < p. 5 6 1^ 0 &F -168
4
! " <G G " &' & F \ ? @A B
5 (4 10 (3 15 (2 20 (1
g
><=L7 \= $D7 . U ><L7 ><? \ E . " 2/7 EF k' 9< 1080 EF 9<U <G G "5 @B ><? K ] -169
cm 3
( = 3) ! 4 ` Q#. ><? $D7 A &'
25 (4 20 (3 15 (2 10 (1
6
< 4- n<6 8 ? < . " 50cm 2 10cm 2 4 G" -23 J2" ? "> ` Q#. G" / % 8 n<C 1< 8 `Q -170
m g g
( g = 10 1 0/8 d .<. ^F \s k') ! " E . &' 1 n<C o?
2 3
s cm cm 3
5/4 (1
5 cm
6/6 (2
10 cm 6 (3
7 (4
kg N kg
( $> U = 13600 g = 10 1 $ ^F = 1000 15 Q" H 105 4 #B) ! " 5 Q" H @ ? &' A 23 #B 1< 8 `Q -171
m 3 kg m3
68 (1
30cm
141 (2
A
20cm 166 (3
170 (4
J
k 1 = 90 d== .<. = =4EF =< & =" =? d 2 = 2 / 5cm d 1 = 4 / 5cm =4 X==Z = =@B 0L==A -172
s m K
J
=U <L=A <k n<6 f @" U 100 n<6 > ' <k Q < 8 `Q I 2 1 " k 2 = 200
s m K
! " f @" U &' @B V<G# J2" . " f @"
20 (1
100°C k1 k2 0°C
30 (2
50 (3
d 1 = 4 / 5 cm d 2 = 2 / 5 cm
80 (4
% = n<=C X . $ &? n<C f @" U 100 ^F 9< &' `% 7 . U f @" U 5 € 9< 200 B<C -173
(. < T A < 5 .€ ^F \ R3B) ! /
J J J
(c € = 2100 ,c = 4200 , L f = 336000 )
kg K ^F kg K kg
200 (4 165 (3 160 (2 5 (1
! " 300K 400K d .<. EF <" 9< 4 /#' ? < \ e < " \Q/ 1 4> 9 ? -174
Q H = 3 kJ , Q C = 2 kJ , W = 1 kJ (2 Q H = 10 kJ , Q C = 8 kJ , W = 2 kJ (1
Q H = 8 kJ , Q C = 7 / 5 kJ , W = 1 / 5 kJ (4 Q H = 6 kJ , Q C = 4 kJ , W = 1 kJ (3
G" n<6 . "> G k 1 G" R" V Q2A E < " E G H 1 G" E 1< 8 `Q -175
1 =j0 E =/4 $ =&? = 227°C = 5atm =#B @ ? 8 <k n<6 27°C 2atm #B @ ?8
=U = U <=G G " &' 7 E G H 15 ]. 7 E " .. $4 8 . 8 uH $ &? 4 E G H
!
2 (1
4 (2
20 cm 20 cm 5 (3
10 (4
! " > 9D 8 R0 ? " ? 8 <G 1` ? 8 &] 3 }< < v. 1> > <9 4 & F<B 8 9 ? -176
e (4 $4 $? <. (3 #B$4 e (2 $? <. (1
7
N
. = = =4 = <" E B 23 q = 5µC Q <GQ > | 1 105 S &Q Q <GQ E 1 `Q -177
C
W <= <= 8 ) ! = = 5 } =&' EF =# &U }< 1 " A 23 > U U <G G " 20 1$ 3G < > |\ G%
(. <j n<A > | ?<7 ` 3 9 3 4<
E 0/1 (1
0/5 (2
A B
0/01 (3
0/05 (4
! " B <Q &' 5 ] B<C . " C 5 E8 S <" ` GH niGS < < C1 E8 S <" ` GH niGS 1 -178
C1 = 8µF 35 (1
C 3 = 4µF
C5 7 (2
C 2 = 4µF
5/6 (3
C 4 = 4µF
+ 4/6 (4
V
<_? =7 1B A 23 \ . " 10V < < 1 # Q <GQ Q <B ' Q& < E8 S <4 `/0. ` % } G <_? 7 1< 8 `Q -179
! && d "F 4E8 S 8 a 4 . $ &? 5 / $ . Q <GQ ` GH niGS &'
C C
40 (1
3C 30 (2
A C B 20 (3
15 (4
! W4 ? &' <" ` GH niGS 1 G @? ? . A . "8 @? G 1 -180
k
<LA (1
R = 0 / 5% 0/5 (2
0/75 (3
& = 1 / 5V
1/5 (4
r = 0 / 5%
! < < &' B<p E . 1 G @? < . # 4 3 1 `Q -181
k 4
(1
R1 3
3
R2 R3 (2
2
& r =0 2 (3
3 (4
! 4 E# &' 5F> •&" 1 -182
& 1 = 13V
r1 = 1 % 1 (1
2% 1%
& 2 = 10V 5 (2
V
2% r2 = 1 % 3% 3% 9 (3
& 3 = 8V
r3 = 1 % 19 (4
. v <&4F `S /" (2
. ^ .<H [ /" (3
<=% @/ =" =0 20A E <U ` 7 1 &@ " $" "i . @ 2 @/ " 8 `A 7 6 &v E 1< 8 `Q -185
! = " i== . = @ = &' 1 = " $ = " 8 <==G =@ 2 @==A B @/ = " `==S A = 23 = & F< = 6 &v E = .
T m
A (µ = 4 × 10 7 )
A
<LA (1
2 (2
&
2 2 (3
4 (4
><= S| }< 1 &? EF 8 10A E <U 100 @/ " 4 ]. < 1 " 10cm EF 5 6 2cm @/ " -23 K ] -186
T m
(µ = 4 × 10 7 , = 3) ! " 5 } @ &' @/ " >
A
7 / 2 (4 1 / 44 (3 7 / 2 × 10 3 (2 1 / 44 × 10 3 (1
"t T 1 > ? 23 8 G" h > v. > > ƒ H $4 8 U &4F G 4 @/ " < 8 `Q -187
I2 I1 1 = I 2 1> = v =?<7 \/=Z I 1 1> = v =?<7 8 ` % R 3 8 3 E <U < .$ 4 ?<7 g' /"
! k' d .<.
R
N M
M N :U I2 I 1 = 0 (1
N M :U I2 I 1 = 0 (2
EF 8 <G# I1 :U $4 I 2 N M :U 3 I 1 (3
EF 8 <G/? I 1 :U niS I 2 M N :U 3 I 1 (4
9
5 =6 = =&' 1 =4 9 D ` ? E " 120 <4 A > | < . " < 8 `Q I 2 j0 #G R 0 U W3 -192
! "< B A8 P . #?
y(cm)
V 1 1
(2 (1
2 80 8
x 1 1
1 (4 (3
A B 90 9
m
<=G G =" 6/25 T =A - & d3 @U P 5 6 niGS < . " ?<7 $ 3G < 25 <" T A - & -193
s
! " .<4 &' T A - & 1
1200 (4 800 (3 600 (2 400 (1
<=% #. 5 7 @" E 8H A QF < .$ F w ]. ^F G0 [ 850Hz 8H -194
m
( 4 T A <" = 340 ) !$ 4 < v. k' E ^F K L. 1 . $Q " 5 6 <
s
W4 ? <G G " 10 (1
W B <G G " 10 (2
! < < &' EF # &U }< 1 4 9 D n = 1 n=2 78 Y E <GQ 1E} 4 $. > <4 -197
1 1
4 (4 2 (3 (2 (1
2 4
. = = << :' 4E <GQ . B # &U }< &# DG .$ 4 < v. > > . 1 <GQ . B W 8F -198
! 4 E# " k1 2 9 ?1 > < < k1 <
k < 1 (4 k > 4 (3 k = 4 (2 1 < k < 4 (1
: < v. \ < .$ 4 W4 ? \ @? 3 . -@% u&U 8 <k ><3 u&U 8 Q 1 Q <GQ 3 -199
. " <† ‡ <4 1\ @? 3 8 <.\ H 1 / " <† ‡ a 4 (1
. / " <† ‡ $4 \ @? 3 8 <.\ H -@% " <† ‡ ><3 (2
. / " <† ‡ $4 \ @? 3 8 <.\ H ><3 " <† ‡ -@% (3
. " <† ‡ <4 (4
<= 8 8 9 ? 8 1n Q E F U < U 4E <. ]. 5<G&? &] 1W&? <" 5<G&? <1 G 4 4 G? -200
! &&? > LG"
B < -\ k&" ^F (4 $ ?- B < (3 -$ ? (2 B< - (1
10
35:
2+
= 9 =? = EF 4E <. / > E Q 9 ? <GQ W F g' " 8 d .<. 1 65
30 Zn E .? <GQ W F -201
! "<<
+ 3+ 2+
64
29 Cu - 31 Ga (4 60
27 Co - 31 Ga 3+ (3 64 +
29 Cu - 32 Ge
2+
(2 60
27 Co
2+
- 32 Ge 2+ (1
.............. U 1 " d 2 /4 -202
. " <G# WL& <B X 4 .<H 8 4 .<H }< (1
. GB m L. $ U $ 3G 5 p. E 1[ ` GH niGS e< Q <GQ @X. (2
. " " W3 4E <GQ 9<U \ ]. 1E <GQ 9<U \ ]. EQ@ 3B (3
. B W B 1> n<0& LF 4> | / 1 B ? i6 $ XZ % 1 B W 8F < (4
= = M aO b = ? b a K /D . < <% <p& 9 ? M U 1 4<p& HW ? \ <.[ \GB< <j -203
! <.q 1> > <k 4<p&
13 Z (4 15 A (3 24 D (2 26 X (1
! " " & 9 ? -204
. U @B <p& K /D 1 &. 5 U 9 " 9 4> (1
. < 2" <p& 36 1K /D &. 5 U $# $D&H 4> (2
. " 34 1> \ 7A > < <p& /. 19 &. 5 U 9 :' > <p& \ G X /. (3
. @% 4 @B >ˆ 1g' /" 8 EF X E G" > >< #4 ` 1o & & 3 6 5 U (4
! T L. / 5 <B <D. 5 <B 1d ?<. 9 ? -205
L " E} 4 (II) `Q (4 T <G $ @? (3 T[ $ (2 TL B$ & F (1
! # 9 ? 1T <? $ " GH T L " $ & F 1T <? <B -206
E .?W ? (2 / 5 <B 4E . ? / (1
E F ?< $. W ? (4 / 5 <B Eˆ ? 4$. / (3
! U &. 5 U > < 9 ? 1 " < < EF $. 4s 3d [< 8 4E <GQ / ? 2" <p& -207
6B (4 4B (3 3B (2 2B (1
! <GQ </@% :' $. &' <GQ </@% " $. &' 1g' " 8 d .<. 1< 8 d ?<. -208
NH 2
4 4 (1
C H
N C 3 5 (2
C C 2 6 (3
O N H
1 7 (4
H
! <k " . LG u GS " 1 9 ? -209
2 +
4 BeF4 (4 16 SO 2F2 (3 15 PCl 4 (2 7 NO 2Cl (1
: U 1 " <. ` G > d 2 /4 -210
. " CH 3 CO CH 3 EF / 5 <B (2 . " 2% d ?<. > 5 .< (1
. U 1EF 4$. <SF [ H E <GQ LU (4 . U 4$. \ H #4 1EF 5 Q GS " (3
! ==" 9 ==? \ ==Q F \== ==Q 9<==U . == F == ==" == ^F 9<== 13/5 1\ ==Q F == 8 5 == 0/25 `== ? \GS ==" 8 -211
(H = 1 , C = 12 , O = 16 : g mol 1 )
52 (4 54 (3 56 (2 58 (1
! =" 9<= =&' > U< U 9<U 1 D. A 50 E < < < 1 A 84 ‰ @S T & <? E} 4 $ " 9< 20 < -212
( H = 1 , C = 12 , O = 16 , Na = 23 : g mol 1
1 < p S < <)
16/9 (4 13/8 (3 11/6 (2 5/4 (1
11
! < / 9 D (STP R < )1 " > G EF ] ? . A W&? 9 ? -213
Br2(l) + 2NaCl (aq) 2NaBr(aq) + Cl 2(g) (1
Pb(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + 2KI (aq) PbI 2(s) + 2KNO 3(aq) (2
4Fe(OH) 2 (s) + O 2(g) + 2H 2O (l) 4Fe(OH) 3(s) (3
CaCO 3(s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl 2(aq) + CO 2(g) + H 2O (l) (4
u= @B 9< &' 1W&? E H 8 uH 1 > <% 1T L " (II) u 0 / 08mol L 1 5 @0 <G @ 250 E @B 9< 2/6 < -214
(O = 16 , S = 32 , Cu = 64 , Zn = 65 : g mol ) ! 1
8F
6/4 (4 3/2 (3 2/56 (2 1/28 (1
8 = =4> F<B /4 < . 8 " ` ? 6 > S . E} <G %80 Eˆ ? %20 ` 8 5 > EG 8 5 -215
! 4 ` Q#. ? \ <? d <3. 8 8> P S 48 $D7 A &' 1 &
9/1 (4 18/2 (3 33/3 (2 66/6 (1
! " " 1 & 9 ? -216
. " N N H }< < < " 1 N ! N H }< (1
. kG ^F Q B 7 1 8 E G&H ` ? \GS " W&? w i (2
. " <G# 1< X . G" ‚ GF 8 ^ | G" ‚ GF 1 2% 4d ?<. (3
. 9D S S[ 4 1 L& i <4 1 "S "H 1 4EF ? 4W&? (4
:< 8 / 4 ] U . -217
F) C (s:f / ) + O 2(g) CO 2(g) , "H = 395 kJ
12
<=23 ^F 9< =@ ? &' E B . " U 70°C ^F 2kg (M ( 122g mol 1 ) T <@? $ " GH 8 > < " 5 @0 -223
(. " ^F 9< 100 9< 30/5 < < 70°C > \ < YH5i0 ) ! F " EF 5[ $ 5 @0 15 @0 \ $4
12 (4 10 (3 8 (2 5 (1
(. " @7< <4 <" 1 k2 k1 ) ! " " > /4 T 9 ? 1 (E a > E a ) < 8 @7< ? 8" U . -224
2 1
k
1) A (g) + D (g) )))
1 2M (g)
Ea
1
k2
2) 2M (g) ))) X (g) + Z (g)
Ea
2
2
. "1 <" = A D M :T A 1 @? W&? <" E % 2 (1
. D. ` Q#. Q <" 2" 1W&? \ (2
. " L& @? W&? "H 1 " k 1 > k 2 W&? \ E ' (3
. " W&? <" > &&?\ ]. 1M > D. 1W&? \ (4
<
! &? < H 1 2 9 ? 8 1 A (g) ))) X (g) + Z (g) :W&? <" 1< 8 5 U 4> U . -225
A j@s (mol / L) 0/1 0/2 0/3 0/4
W&? <" (mol / L s) 0/02 0/08 0/18 0/32
2 2
2 A (4 2 A (3 4 A (2 4 A (1
2
<_? =7 . &&? < H Mg 2+ OH = 1 / 5 × 10 11 mol 3 L 3 : 2 8 4E j@s 1^F ? 4$ & 5 @0 -226
! " <G < 5 &' < < 1 pH = 9 ? 4 $ " 5 @0 `7 ` % T L " $ & j@s
0 / 15 (4 0 / 30 (3 3 × 10 6 (2 1 / 5 × 10 6 (1
8 =sF = > = 5 G <G n<C 4EF 8 <4 ? 2 < 1 Z<B ]. 4W&? U . -227
! " 9 ? K1 K 2 3 1 %80 < < (II) W&? A > 8 %50 < < (I) W&? A > 8 >
I) A (g) 2X (g) , K 1
II) D (g) Z (g) , K 2
2 (4 1/5 (3 1 (2 0/5 (1
:W&==? > ==&&? ?<== ==48 8 == <==4 8 5 == 3 1<==G 3 $==D7 == E E G== H == G==" n<==C == -228
&' 1 COCl 2 ]. j@s 1 W4 ? <G 1 n<C $D7 < . 5 ]. 7 COCl 2(g) CO (g) + Cl 2(g)
! <G < 5
1/5 (4 2/5 (3 3 (2 4 (1
=&' 1 = 5 @0 <G <4 . 4 ` ? W&? " <@? 4 [ 5 @0 150 mL T & <? E} 4 $ " 5 @0 <G 5 -229
(H = 1 , C = 12 , Na = 23 : g mol 1 )
86 (4 87/2 (3 91/8 (2 101 (1
! _&S •i ? . B Z pH = 3 HA % " 5 @0 <G 10 NaOH (s) 5 &' -232
0/5 (4 0/05 (3 0/1 (2 0/01 (1
! " 9 ? 15 H <H -1 ` ? \GS " ] \ <? 4$. W ? 4 < v. < U -/U -233
10 (4 12 (3 18 (2 19 (1
13
! " " T 9 ? -234
. P S EF . ? WX 8 R3B ^F X 1Eˆ ? -E} 4 GS " 5 @" (1
. > 4 # 1 L& <GQ ` GH 1SHE 4 @B /4 G" 5 @"$ 5 p. (2
. > LG" 5 @0 <GQ E & T L " (II) u 8 1u -$ & F G <GQ 5 @" (3
. <? > LG" u - / <GQ 5 @" Q/ `H U E . d" & u&U 8 `X@XG > (4
! " 1< 8 d 2 8 &' -235
. ? F ><3 1 @B $ U J2" < ><3 QF •
. " F< < 1 .? 4> F<B 45 / 1^ Y ? S / B Q%< •
. > <% 1 L& d2% r S u v . 1u / <GQ W [ H & F<B •
. . STP R < 8 <G 16/8 15 4 & F<B $& F 5 <4 . 8 •
4 (4 3 (3 2 (2 1 (1
14