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TABLE OF CONTENT
I. EDUCATION ........................................................................................................ 9
1. Some people think students should study the science of food and how to
prepare it. Others think students should spend time on other important subjects.
Discuss both views and give your opinion. ............................................................... 9
2. Many people believe that it is best to encourage children to have a healthy diet
at school while others believe that parents should be the ones to teach children to
have a healthy diet. Discuss both views and give your opinion. ............................... 9
3. Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school. What
are the reasons? What could be done to solve this problem? .................................. 10
4. Some people think that because some children find some subjects such as
mathematics and philosophy difficult, they ought to be optional instead of
compulsory. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? .............. 10
5. People say that a country will benefit greatly if its students study abroad. To
what extent do you agree or disagree? ..................................................................... 11
II. HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE ......................................................................... 13
1. Many people believe that it is easier to have a healthy lifestyle in the
countryside. Others believe that there are health benefits of living in cities. Discuss
both views and give your opinions. ......................................................................... 13
2. People are having more and more sugar-based drinks. What are the reasons?
What can be done to make people drink less? ......................................................... 13
3. Economic growth in recent years made some people in both developed
countries and developing countries richer. However, research shows that while
people in developing countries are happier, people in developed countries seem not
happier than before. What does this happen? What can we learn from it? ............. 14
4. Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the medical
service should not be run by profit-making companies. Do you think the
disadvantages of private health care outweigh the advantages? .............................. 14
5. It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in
order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment of people who are already
ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree? .......................................................... 15
III. SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT ............................................................. 17
1. Some people say free time activities for children should be organized by
parents. Others say that children should be free to choose what they do in their free
time. Discuss both views and give your opinion. .................................................... 17

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 2. Some people say that sport has an important role in society. Others, however,
think that it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people. Discuss both
these views and give your own opinion. .................................................................. 17
3. Some people say that sport has an important role in society. Others, however,
think that it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people. Discuss both
these views and give your own opinion. .................................................................. 18
4. Nowadays celebrities are more famous for their glamour and wealth than for
their achievements, and this is a bad example to adolescents. To what extent do you
agree or disagree? .................................................................................................... 18
5. Some people think that hosting an international sports event is good for the
country, while some people think it is bad. Discuss both views and state your opinion.
19
IV. SOCIAL ISSUES ............................................................................................. 22
1. In some countries, more and more adults continue to live with their parents
even after they have completed education and found jobs. Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages? ................................................................................... 22
2. Some people believe that childcare centres provide the best services for
children of preschool age. Other working parents think that family members such as
grandparents will be better carers for their kids. Discuss both views and give your
opinion. .................................................................................................................... 22
3. Some people think that women should play an equal role as men in a country’s
police force or military force, while others think women are not suitable for these
kinds of jobs. Discuss both views and give your opinion........................................ 23
4. The major cities in the world are growing fast, as well as their problem. What
are the problems that young people living in cities are facing? Give solutions to these
problems. .................................................................................................................. 23
5. Some people think young people should follow the traditions of their society.
Others think that they should be free to behave as individuals. Discuss both views
and give your opinion. ............................................................................................. 24
V. ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................. 27
1. It is a natural process for animal species to become extinct (e.g. dinosaur,
dodo…) There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? ............................................................... 27
2. Research has shown that the transportation of products and people are the main
source of pollution. Some people believe the government should be in charge of this,
while others believe it is the fault of individuals. Discuss both views and give your
opinion. .................................................................................................................... 27

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 3. Governments should make people responsible for looking after their own local
environment. Do you agree or disagree? ................................................................. 28
4. Atomic energy is becoming a more and more popular energy source. However,
some people argue that nuclear power puts life on the Earth in danger. What is your
opinion?.................................................................................................................... 28
5. It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural
environments, such as the South pole. Do the advantages of this development
outweigh the disadvantages? ................................................................................... 29
VI. TECHNOLOGY .............................................................................................. 32
1. Today different types of robots are developed which are good friends to us and
help us both at home and work. Is this a positive or negative development? ......... 32
2. In the past, people stored knowledge in books. Nowadays, people store
knowledge on the Internet. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
32
3. Internet access helps young people and workers achieve their education and
work goals more easily than before. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ..... 33
4. Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent
than human beings. While some see this as a positive development others worry
about the negative consequences. Discuss both views and give your opinion. ....... 33
5. More people put their personal information online (address, telephone number,
…) for everyday activities such as socializing on social networks or banking
purposes. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? .......................... 34
VII. WORK ........................................................................................................... 36
1. Some countries allow old people to work to any age that they want. Do the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages? ................................................................. 36
2. Doctors, nurses, and teachers make a great contribution to society and should
be paid more than entertainment and sports celebrities. To what extent do you agree?
36
3. Information technology enables many people to do their work outside their
workplace. Do the advantages of this mobility outweigh the disadvantages? ........ 37
5. Many people are working longer and longer hours. What are the reasons and
the effects of this? .................................................................................................... 38
VIII. ART AND CULTURE ................................................................................. 40
1. Today family members do not eat meals together. Is this a positive or negative
trend?........................................................................................................................ 40

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 2. Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world.
Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding
between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?40
3. Some people think that the government is wasting money on the arts and this
money could be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree with this view?
41
4. Artists need a certain amount of freedom to develop their creativity. Some
people think that artists should have total freedom to express any thoughts and ideas.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? ............................................................... 41
5. Some people think the newly built houses should be the same as the old houses
in local areas. Others argue that local authorities should allow people to build houses
in their own style. Discuss both views and give your opinion. ............................... 42
IX. BUSINESS ........................................................................................................ 44
1. Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and
controlled by governments rather than private companies. To what extent do you
agree or disagree? .................................................................................................... 44
2. Companies use different ways to increase sales. What different ways do
companies use to increase sales and what is the most effective one? ..................... 44
3. The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the
natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this
problem? .................................................................................................................. 45
4. Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and, as a
result, people gravitate towards buying their products. What problems does this
cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy local products? ................ 45
5. Many countries import a large amount of food from other parts of the world.
Is this a positive or negative development? ............................................................. 46
X. BUILDINGS .......................................................................................................... 48
1. Open plan office no walls, no barriers. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages? ......................................................................................................... 48
2. Government should support old building restoration or invest in the
construction of new houses, offices and roads. Do you agree or disagree with this
statement? ................................................................................................................ 48
3. In some countries, most people prefer to rent their homes rather than buy them.
What are some advantages and disadvantages of renting a home? ......................... 49
4. In many cities there is a lack of space to develop and as a result, in order to
modernize, old buildings are demolished and replaced with new buildings. What are

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 the disadvantages of knocking down old buildings? Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages? ......................................................................................................... 49
5. It is important for all towns and cities to have large public outdoor places like
squares and parks. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ................................. 50
XI. OTHER TOPICS ................................................................................................. 53
1. The government is spending a lot of money to discover life on other planets.
Some people think that the government is wasting their money and should spend
more money on the problems of the public. To what extent do you agree? ............ 53
2. It is often thought that the increase in juvenile crime can be attributed to
violence in the media. Do you agree that this is the main cause of juvenile crime?
What solutions can you offer to deal with this situation? ........................................ 53
3. In some societies, the number of crimes committed by teenagers is growing.
Some people think that regardless of age, teenagers who commit major crimes should
receive adult punishment. To what extent do you agree? ........................................ 54
4. Scientists predict that all people will choose to speak the same global language
in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? ..................... 55
5. Some people fail in school, but end up being successful in life. Why do you
think that is the case? What is the most important thing to succeed in life? ........... 55
6. More and more businesses and individuals are choosing to communicate either
professionally or socially using technology rather than being face-to-face. Discuss
the advantages and disadvantages of using technology for communicating? ......... 56
7. In some cities and towns all over the world, the high volume of traffic is a
problem. What are the causes of this and what actions can be taken to solve this
problem? .................................................................................................................. 57
8. Many criminals commit further crimes as soon as they are released from prison.
What do you think are the causes of this? What possible solutions can you suggest?
57
9. Some people say that men are naturally more competitive than women. To
what extent do you agree or disagree? ..................................................................... 58
10. Although there is a lot of translation software available, learning a language
could still be advantageous. To what extent do you agree or disagree? .................. 59

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I. EDUCATION
1. Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it. Others
think students should spend time on other important subjects. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.

Reasons why students should study the Reasons why students should spend
science of food and cooking time on other important subjects

• Insightful knowledge into food • The core disciplines standard at

making can exert many benefits in most schools are imperative for
terms of improved well-being. one’s future career.
• Possessing a solid understanding • School curricula are already
of food and cooking can ensure not notoriously hectic.
only general well-being but also • Students can study food
serve as a basic survival skill. preparation in their own time.
• It is a prerequisite for students to
prepare for their adulthood so that
they can live independently.

Reference:
• Five reasons to study Food Science (thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk)
• Why you should study food science and nutrition (murdoch.edu.au)

2. Many people believe that it is best to encourage children to have a healthy diet at school
while others believe that parents should be the ones to teach children to have a healthy diet.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Reasons for encouraging children to Reasons why parents should be the

have a healthy diet at school ones to teach children to have a
healthy diet
• Supports academic success • Sets a positive example
• Influences peer behavior (create a • Parental influence (they are the
culture of healthy living) primary providers of food)
• Empowers children with • Supports physical and mental
knowledge and skills to make health
healthy food and beverage
choices.
Reference:
• The Influence of Parental Dietary Behaviors and Practices on Children’s
Eating Habits - PMC
• Eating Healthier at School

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3. Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school. What are the
reasons? What could be done to solve this problem?

Reasons why students find it difficult Solutions

to concentrate or pay attention at
school
• The learning style does not match • Teachers should conduct different
students types of activities
• The monotony of classrooms • Educators should redesign lecture
• Students lack motivation content to be more practical
• Teamwork and collaboratively
learning should be enhanced in
class
Reference:
• 3 Reasons Why Your Child Does Not Stay Focused In School -
• How Our Monotonous Classroom Learning Can Change Into Activity Based –
Ed-Fun

4. Some people think that because some children find some subjects such as mathematics
and philosophy difficult, they ought to be optional instead of compulsory. To what extent do
you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Reasons why mathematics and Reasons why mathematics and

philosophy should be compulsory philosophy should be optional

• Children’s ability to analyze and • Making math and philosophy

solve problems can be enhanced
• These subjects can facilitate the
learning of other subjects
• They are great for teaching
perseverance
optional allows students to focus
on their strengths and interests.
• Making these subjects optional
enables students to manage their
workload more effectively.
• Making them optional allows
students to tailor their education to
their career goals.

Reference:
• Teaching kids philosophy makes them smarter in math and English
• Benefits of Studying Philosophy · Castleton University
• Why is Math Important? 9 Benefits of Learning Math | Prodigy Education

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5. People say that a country will benefit greatly if its students study abroad. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

Benefit to a country when its students Drawback to a country when its

study abroad
• The labour workforce of the
country will be enhanced
• Studying abroad can foster
international cooperation
• Students can benefit their home
country's economy
students study abroad
• There is a loss of talent and human
capital for their home country
(brain drain)
• Studying abroad can be expensive
for students and their families, and
this may lead to a drain of financial
resources from their home
country.
• Students who study abroad may
not be able to contribute to their
local society during their time
away

Reference:
• Study Abroad and the Impact on the Labor Market
• Studying Abroad, Brain Drain

Example:

On the one hand, many international students opt to emigrate to the host countries
where they have been studying. Reasons for this might include the availability of
opportunities for academic employment, research and career advancement as well as
to enjoy the higher standard of living in developed foreign countries. This trend among
elite intellectuals, including from developing nations such as Vietnam, represents a
significant loss for the economic development of their home countries as well-trained
workers use their skills and knowledge to benefit other nations such as the US or UK.
In addition, this also entails a loss in education as top researchers and professors may
leave without educating the next generation.

(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

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II. HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE
1. Many people believe that it is easier to have a healthy lifestyle in the countryside.
Others believe that there are health benefits of living in cities. Discuss both views and
give your opinions.

Health benefits of living in the Health benefits of living in cities

countryside

• The countryside offers more • Cities provide better access to

opportunities for outdoor physical
activity
• The countryside tends to have
lower levels of pollution
• The countryside often offers a
slower pace of life
healthcare facilities (hospitals,
clinics, and specialists)
• Cities gave greater availability of
fitness facilities (gyms, fitness
studios, and recreation centers)
• Cities offer more opportunities to
connect with like-minded
individuals who share similar
health goals

Reference:
• Escape to the Country: Why Rural Living Is Good for Your Health - GHP
News
• 40 Ways Living in a City Makes You Healthier

2. People are having more and more sugar-based drinks. What are the reasons? What
can be done to make people drink less?

Reasons for an increase in soft-drink Solutions to an increase in soft-drink

consumption consumption

• Soda addiction is the main cause of • Government can introduce special

the rise in the unprecedented rate taxes on soda pop.
of purchases of soft drinks. • People should join therapy
• It is a temporary boost for energy. sessions to overcome the
• Brands use celebrity endorsement symptoms of addition.
strategy to attract consumers. • Governments can limit the amount
of sugary products advertising in
the media.

Reference:
• Print - 8 reasons why people drink soda - Tehran Times
• Why soda is so addictive – and some good alternative beverages

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3. Economic growth in recent years made some people in both developed countries
and developing countries richer. However, research shows that while people in
developing countries are happier, people in developed countries seem not happier than
before. What does this happen? What can we learn from it?

Reasons why people in developed Lessons from this tendency

countries seem not happier than
before
• The pace of life in developed • Mental health is critical to
countries is often faster and more happiness
stressful than in developing • Material possessions are not a
countries source of lasting happiness
• In developed countries, people • Social comparisons can be
may be more likely to compare damaging
themselves to others who are
wealthier or more successful
• they may take their newfound
prosperity for granted and no
longer derive as much happiness
from it

Reference:
• Why are rich countries less happy? | guelphhumber.ca
• Happiness doesn't increase with growing wealth of nations, finds study |
Psychology | The Guardian

4. Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the medical service
should not be run by profit-making companies. Do you think the disadvantages of
private health care outweigh the advantages?

Advantages of private health care Disadvantages of private health care

• Private hospitals and clinics can • Private healthcare can be

reduce the workload of public expensive and is often only
medical centres. accessible to those who can afford
• Patients can benefit from short it
waiting times or modern • Private healthcare may prioritize
equipment. profits over patient care
• Private healthcare institutions can • Private healthcare providers may
create a competitive environment not be subject to the same
so that the public ones can improve regulations and oversight as public
their services. providers, which can lead to lower

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 standards of care and increased
risk of malpractice
Reference:
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of private healthcare in the UK? -
Staffordshire Living
• Private sector versus Medicare? It’s basically the same thing

5. It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in

order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment of people who are already ill.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Public health promotion Treatment

• The promotion of good health is
relatively cheaper than treating or
curing a disease.
• Many medical conditions are the
direct result of unhealthy habits.
• Health promotion and disease
• prevention initiatives can produce
greater long-term social impacts
• Governmental support is critical to
the recovery of patients whose
treatment costs exceed their
financial capacity.
• Some diseases cannot be prevented.
• People might be born with certain
hereditary diseases.

Reference:
• Importance of Health Prevention and Promotion (webmedy.com)
• Health Promotion (who.int)
• The Impact of Chronic Underfunding on America’s Public Health System:
Trends, Risks, and Recommendations, 2020 - TFAH
• Hereditary diseases, learn about a few examples - Genes Matter
(veritasint.com)

Example:

On the one hand, governmental support is critical to the recovery of patients whose
treatment costs exceed their financial capacity. More specifically, the medical treatment
process for a cancer patient includes numerous costly procedures, starting with the
conduct of diagnostic tests, the use of prescribed medications, and ending with
interpretation of the results and counselling. In Vietnam, the total sum of these medical
and non-medical expenses can total over $50,000, which is unaffordable for the majority
of Vietnamese working families. Therefore, to ensure proper treatment, the Vietnamese
government must provide monetary support to these patients through insurance schemes
or the Red Cross organisation.
(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

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III. SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
1. Some people say free time activities for children should be organized by parents.
Others say that children should be free to choose what they do in their free time. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

Reasons why free time activities for Reasons why children should be free
children should be organized by to choose what they do in their free
parents time

• Parents can choose activities that • They can develop the ability of
are safe for their children's age and independence.
ability level. • When children are free to choose
• Parents have a better what they do in their free time,
understanding of their children’s they can use their imagination to
interests. come up with their own ideas and
• Organizing free time activities for activities.
their children can help parents • They can figure out their pursuit
ensure that their children are by themselves.
engaged in positive and
constructive activities.

Reference:
• Why parent involvement is so important in early childhood education
• Choices for Children: Why and How to Let Students Decide (*) - Alfie Kohn

2. Some people say that sport has an important role in society. Others, however,
think that it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people. Discuss both these
views and give your own opinion.

Essential role of sports Sports is just for entertainment

• Sport is a powerful tool to promote • People play sports as a leisure
peace, tolerance and pastime.
understanding, bringing people • People tend to focus on other
together across boundaries, important aspects of life.
cultures, and religions. • Sports can satisfy a number of
• Sports play an important role in deep psychological needs.
economic development of a
• country.
• Sport is a unique and powerful
• tool for promoting dignity and the
equal and inalienable rights of
every member of the human being.

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 Reference:
• What are the role of sports in peace building? – MV-organizing.com
• Secretary-General's Message on the International Day of Sport for
Development and Peace | UNFICYP (unmissions.org)

3. Some people say that sport has an important role in society. Others, however,
think that it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people. Discuss both these
views and give your own opinion.

Reasons for a ban on dangerous sports Reasons for people’s freedom of

choices on sports or activity.
• Dangerous sports involve a high • This freedom of choice is an
risk of injury or death for the important aspect of personal
participants. autonomy.
• Some dangerous sports have a • People have a wide range of
relatively small audience or interests and passions, and
limited career opportunities. allowing them to choose the sports
• Participating in dangerous sports and activities they enjoy can help
can also take a toll on an athlete's to encourage people to explore
mental health. new hobbies.
• Engaging in suitable physical
activities can also contribute to
personal physical growth.
Reference:
• Extreme Sports – Pros and Cons – generalmotorscentre.com
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Extreme Sports
• Extreme Sports: Are They Worth The Risk?
• The Magic of Hobbies: How Pursuing Your Passions Can Enrich Your Life
• Definitions of leisure, play, and recreation – Human Kinetics

4. Nowadays celebrities are more famous for their glamour and wealth than for
their achievements, and this is a bad example to adolescents. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

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 Totally agree: celebrities are more Totally disagree: there are still many
famous for their glamour and wealth some famous people with their fame
is a bad image for adolescents coming from their achievement is a
good example for children

• This can create unrealistic • They inspire children to pursue

expectations and send the wrong their passions
message to young people about • They promote positive values and
what is valuable and meaningful in messages in life.
life. • Famous people who have achieved
• This can create an unhealthy and success through hard work and
distorted view of success. dedication can teach children the
importance of persistence and
effort in achieving their goals.
Reference:
• How Celebrities Influence Teens and Why it Matters
• The Influence of Celebrities on Children’s Upbringing
• Celebrities help teenagers 'make sense' of their lives
• Influence of Celebrities on Young People's Aspiration for Higher Learning and
Desire for Fame

5. Some people think that hosting an international sports event is good for the country,
while some people think it is bad. Discuss both views and state your opinion.
Benefits of hosting an international Drawbacks of hosting an international
sports event sports event

• Hosting an international sports • Hosting an international sports

event can boost the local economy event can be very expensive,
• Hosting a major sports event can requiring significant investment in
increase the visibility and infrastructure, security, and
reputation of the host country on marketing
the global stage • Hosting a major sports event can
• Hosting an international sports cause displacement and disruption
event can serve as a catalyst for for local residents and businesses
infrastructure development (disrupt daily life, cause
inconvenience and noise
pollution)
• Hosting a major sports event can
have a significant environmental
impact

Reference:
• Hosting Global Sporting Events Advantages And Disadvantages
• Advantages of hosting a major event - Economics Help

19
Example:

On the other hand, international sporting games can potentially stimulate the tourism
sector. By being the host, a country is able to attract the supporters of athletes and
tourists from all around the world. This sudden increase in visitors will likely
proliferate the sales of products and services such as accommodation and
transportation within the period of the events. In the longer term, it is a great chance
for the host nations to promote their culture on a global stage. For example, since the
pictures of beautifully garnished Vietnamese dishes made headlines during the SEA
Games in 2003, Vietnam has been branded as the “Kitchen of the world” and a must
visit destination for global food lovers. This obviously does wonders for the Vietnamese
economy.
(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

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IV.

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IV. SOCIAL ISSUES
1. In some countries, more and more adults continue to live with their parents even after
they have completed education and found jobs. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

Advantages of living with parents Disadvantages of living with parents

after completing education and find after completing education and find
jobs jobs

• A huge reason why many college
graduates are choosing to live with
their parents is the need to save
money
• Graduates who live with parents
will have fewer responsibilities
• Living with parents can help
graduates forge stronger bonds
between family members
• Living with parents may put a
strain on their relationship with
them
• Living with parents may hinder
people’s personal growth and
development

Reference:
• Pros & Cons of Moving Back In With Your Parents Until You Find a Job
• Pros and cons of moving home after college

2. Some people believe that childcare centres provide the best services for children
of preschool age. Other working parents think that family members such as
grandparents will be better carers for their kids. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

Reason why childcare centres provide Reasons why family members such as
the best services for children of grandparents will be better carers for
preschool age their kids

• The social interaction children get • Parents can save a certain amount
from a daycare center is far more of money
valuable • Increasing the bond between
• Childcare centers help children family members
improve their academic
advancement
• Children can develop healthy
eating habits in child care centers

Reference:
• Daycare Benefits - 7 Reasons Kids To Enroll | YMCA Of Greater Cincinnati
• 6 Benefits of a Daycare Center for Your Child

22
 • Benefits of Grandparents Who Help Raise Grandchildren - Health Beat
• Grandparent childcare | The pros and cons

3. Some people think that women should play an equal role as men in a country’s
police force or military force, while others think women are not suitable for these kinds
of jobs. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Reasons why women should play an Reason why women are not suitable
equal role as men in a country’s police for these kinds of jobs
force or military force

• Female officers are better at • Most police women are not strong
defusing potentially violent enough to handle criminal cases
confrontations before those • Police women have too many
encounters turn deadly personal problems (pregnancy,
• Increasing the presence of female abortion leave, parental leaves)
officers reduces problems of sex
discrimination and harassment
within a law enforcement agency
• Female officers are less likely to
use excessive force

Reference
• How more female police officers would help stop police brutality - The
Washington Post
• ARE FEMALES SUITABLE FOR POLICE DUTY?

4. The major cities in the world are growing fast, as well as their problem. What are
the problems that young people living in cities are facing? Give solutions to these
problems.

Problems Solutions

• Many young people struggle to • Cities can encourage the

find affordable housing in cities
• It can be difficult for young people
to form meaningful connections
and build community in cities
• Young people in urban areas are
negatively affected by
environmental degradation
construction of more affordable
housing units
• Cities can invest in public spaces
and community events that
encourage social interaction and
bring people together, such as
public parks, festivals, and cultural
events.

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 • Cities can invest in green
infrastructure which can help
mitigate the negative
environmental impacts of urban
living.
Reference
• No Home for The Young? | OECD
• Ten Actions Cities Can Take to Improve Housing Affordability | Bipartisan
Policy Center
• Urban Loneliness & Isolation: The Dark Side Of Living In A Big City
• 15 Community Event Ideas That Bring People Together - Social Tables
• Urban Threats.
• How Investing in Green Infrastructure Helps Cities Manage the Effects of
Climate Crisis and Creates Healthy Communities - Greenroofs.com

5. Some people think young people should follow the traditions of their society. Others
think that they should be free to behave as individuals. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.

Reasons why young people should
follow the traditions of society
• Traditions connect people with
each other
• Traditions foster a sense of
belonging
• Traditions provide a sense of
identity
Reasons why people should be free to
behave as individual
• Some traditions are indeed often
used to justify discrimination and
crackdowns on rights
• Freedom of choice fosters
creativity

Reference:
• Why Traditions Matter to Mental Health - Oregon Counseling.
• How Tradition Keeps Languages and Cultures Alive
• The Trouble with Tradition | Human Rights Watch.
• Creativity Element 6: Independence and Freedom · Intense Minimalism.

24
Example:

On the other hand, I am of the opinion that freedom of choice fosters creativity and its
concomitant results in innovation. For instance, many Japanese parents encourage
their offspring to design and wear their own outfits instead of accepting those generally
worn by older generations. This has resulted in many pushing traditional boundaries,
mingling unique costumes and aesthetics inspired by their favorite anime characters,
which is known as “costume play” in Japan. Nowadays, the hobby has evolved into a
global cultural phenomenon and inspired modern fashion designs and performances
both on and off stage. Such an innovative culture might have been inadvertently
stymied, if all Japanese youngsters rigidly followed the tradition of wearing formal
Kimonos and Yukatas.
(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

25
26
V. ENVIRONMENT
1. It is a natural process for animal species to become extinct (e.g. dinosaur,
dodo…) There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons for natural extinction Arguments against natural extinction

• Extinction is the mechanism by
which natural selection prunes the
poorly adapted and allows the
hardest to flourish.
• Extinction is how evolution
proceeds.
• Diversity can even be hazardous
to human health such as the
prevalence and virulence of
infectious diseases.
• Not only natural environmental
factors but mankind should also be
held accountable for putting
animals on the verge of extinction.
• Animals play a significant role in
maintaining the balance of the
ecosystem.
• Many exotic animals have a vital
socio-cultural status in society

Reference
• We don’t need to save endangered species. Extinction is part of evolution. -
The Washington Post
• Why should we save endangered species? | GVI
• Importance of the Endangered Species Act

2. Research has shown that the transportation of products and people are the main
source of pollution. Some people believe the government should be in charge of this,
while others believe it is the fault of individuals. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

Reasons why the government should Reasons why individuals are

be responsible for addressing responsible for their own
transportation-related pollution transportation choices

• The government has the power to • Individuals’s choices and actions

impose taxes on polluting have a direct impact on the
activities. environment
• Governments can also provide
incentives for people to switch to
cleaner forms of transportation,
such as electric vehicles or public
transit.
• Governments can set emissions
standards for vehicles

27
 Reference
• The role of (environmental) taxation in supporting sustainability transitions —
European Environment Agency
• Policies to promote electric vehicle deployment – Global EV Outlook 2021 –
Analysis - IEA
• How well are governments enforcing vehicle emissions standards?
Worldwide, the answer is: Not as well as they could be
• Individual vs. Collective Action.

3. Governments should make people responsible for looking after their own local
environment. Do you agree or disagree?

Reasons why governments should Reasons why governments should not

make people responsible for looking make people responsible for looking
after their own local environment after their own local environment
• Individuals directly impact the • Individual actions may have
environment through their actions limited impact on larger
• Encouraging individuals to take environmental issues
responsibility for their local • Personal sacrifice alone cannot be
environment can reduce the strain the solution to tackling
on public resources environmental problems
• Personal activities/ actions can
either improve the environment
quality
Reference
• Human Impact on the Environment - Unite for Change
• Opening the door for private sector in waste treatment
• Role of an individual in protecting the environment.
• Does Personal Action Matter? | ClimateScience
• Individuals can’t solve the climate crisis. Governments need to step up | Anders
Levermann | The Guardian

4. Atomic energy is becoming a more and more popular energy source. However,
some people argue that nuclear power puts life on the Earth in danger. What is your
opinion?

Reasons to support nuclear energy Reasons against nuclear energy

• Nuclear is a zero-emission clean • There is a possibility that nuclear
energy source. reactors can melt down which

28
 • Nuclear energy produces more
electricity on less land than any
other clean-air source.
• Nuclear is not intermittent, as
nuclear power plants can run
without any interruptions for a
year
causes devastating environmental
and life issues.
• The initial costs for building a
nuclear power plant are relatively
high.
• Nuclear waste can cause further
problems if not appropriately
treated

Reference
• Nuclear power: The pros and cons of the energy source
• 3 Reasons Why Nuclear is Clean and Sustainable | Department of Energy

5. It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural

environments, such as the South pole. Do the advantages of this development outweigh
the disadvantages?

Advantages of remote areas travel Disadvantages of remote areas travel

• This is a novel type of traveling. • This practice might disturb the

• When visiting remote areas, ecological balance.
people, especially scientists, • The cultural environment for locals
might acquire more knowledge is at risk.
about the natural habitat. • Traveling to remote natural areas can
• It is an opportunity for cultural be risky if the travelers are not
exchanges between sufficiently prepared because
communities. medical health might not be available
• It can help develop conservation or limited.
programmes
Reference:
• Traveling to Antarctica: The Pros and Cons — Acanela Expeditions

29
Example:

On the one hand, both scientific and touristic expeditions can help develop conservation
programmes. Indeed, on-site scientific research conducted at Antarctica has
successfully illuminated the mating habits of many nearly-extinct animal species such
as the emperor penguins thanks to close observation of these species, driving initiatives
to boost their fertility rate two-fold. Meanwhile, tourists who visit remote destinations
might learn about the damages of climate change, thus becoming intrinsically
motivated to protect Earth’s fragile ecosystems from further degradation. For example,
a campaign to preserve Himalayan bald eagles was initiated by two Swedish explorers
on an expedition after they eye-witnessed eagle chicks dying of starvation on a far-flung
mountain peak.
(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

30
31
VI. TECHNOLOGY
1. Today different types of robots are developed which are good friends to us and help
us both at home and work. Is this a positive or negative development?

Benefits of robots Drawbacks of robots

• Robots can help us complete tasks
more accurately
• Improved personnel safety is a big
benefit of robotics
• The use of robots can reduce labor
costs
• The increased use of robots can
lead to job displacement
• The use of robots can raise
concerns about privacy

Reference
• Increase Efficiency with Robotics.
• Cost Savings with Robots
• A new study measures the actual impact of robots on jobs. It’s significant. |
MIT Sloan
• Privacy in a Robot's World - Michalsons

2. In the past, people stored knowledge in books. Nowadays, people store knowledge
on the Internet. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

Advantages of storing knowledge on Disadvantages of storing knowledge on

the Internet the Internet

• The Internet allows for easy • Anyone can publish information,

access to a vast amount of
information from anywhere with
an internet connection
• Information on the internet can be
easily searched
regardless of its accuracy or
validity
• The vast amount of information
available on the internet can be
overwhelming

Reference
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Internet Storage | It Still Works
• (PDF) The use of online information search/retrieval services in university of
Hyderabad
• Should I Trust Internet Sources? - Evaluating Information Sources - LibGuides
at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY.
• Information overload and how to deal with it

32
3. Internet access helps young people and workers achieve their education and
work goals more easily than before. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Agree that internet access can help
young people and workers achieve
their education and work goals more
easily than before
• The internet provides instant
access to vast amounts of
information on virtually any topic.
• The internet has also made it easier
for young people and workers to
connect with others in their field
• The internet has made it easier
than ever for young people and
workers to access education and
training programs
Disagree that internet access can help
young people and workers achieve
their education and work goals more
easily than before
• The internet can be a source of
distraction
• With the prevalence of internet
access, there is a risk that young
people and workers may become
too reliant on technology to
complete their education and
work-related tasks

Reference
• What Are the Advantages of the Internet?
• What is E-learning (Online Learning) and Why is it Important?
• Online Learning Distractions at Home
• Students are becoming too dependent on technology - Telegraph India

4. Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent than
human beings. While some see this as a positive development others worry about the
negative consequences. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Positive side of computers Negative side of computers

• Errors are reduced and the chance
of reaching accuracy with a
greater degree of precision is a
possibility
• People can overcome many risky
limitations of humans by
developing an AI Robot
• Some of the highly advanced
organizations use digital assistants
to interact with users which saves
the need for human resources.
• Many employees may lose their
job due to automatic machines.
• If may encounter a situation that is
unfamiliar to them then they
perform incorrectly or else break
down in such situations
• Machines can hinder creativity
because humans may become
overdependent on machines.

Reference:

33
 • Pros and Cons of Artificial Intelligence - A Threat or a Blessing? - DataFlair
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence | by sunil kumar |
Towards Data Science

5. More people put their personal information online (address, telephone number, …)
for everyday activities such as socializing on social networks or banking purposes. Do
you think it is a positive or negative development?

Positive development Negative development

• Personal information can be used • Putting personal information

by companies to provide online can raise concerns about
personalized recommendations privacy
and experiences for users. • Companies may use personal
• Putting personal information information to target advertising or
online can make everyday manipulate individuals
activities more convenient, such as
allowing people to make online
purchases

Reference
• What is content personalization?
• Top 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Payments
• Social Media Privacy: What Are The Risks? (How To Stay Safe) | Aura
• Targeting Ads Without Creeping Out Your Customers

Example:

On the other hand, posting personal data on the Internet makes users potentially
susceptible to criminal activities. The private information shared online including one’s
names, addresses or social security numbers can be exploited for illicit purposes such
as financial fraud. For instance, a hacker known as “Hieu PC’ in Vietnam ran one of
the Internet’s most profitable and popular services for selling stolen identity records.
He utilized his social engineering degree to exploit a wealth of vulnerable consumer
data, stealing thousands a sheer volume of social security numbers and reselling them
on an anonymous broker’s online platform. This led to a large number of retired
workers in the United States losing million-dollar pensions to a sophisticated online
hacking scheme.
(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

34
35
VII. WORK
1. Some countries allow old people to work to any age that they want. Do the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

Advantages of allowing older people to Disadvantages of allowing older

work beyond the traditional people to work beyond the traditional
retirement retirement

• It encourages greater financial • It exacerbates unemployment rates

independence among younger workers
• Older workers can contribute to • As people age, they may
the economy by continuing to experience health issues that make
work and pay taxes. it more difficult to work.
• Older workers have valuable skills
and experience that can benefit
organizations and younger
workers.
• Continuing to work can help the
elderly gain a sense of fulfillment.

Reference:
• Working in Older Age – The Benefits and Drawbacks
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Hiring Older People - StartupGuys.net

2. Doctors, nurses, and teachers make a great contribution to society and should be
paid more than entertainment and sports celebrities. To what extent do you agree?

Reasons to support higher paid for Reasons why public figures should be
social workers paid the same

• They provide essential services for • Celebrities tend to have shorter

personal and societal growth.
• They often work long-hour in
high-stress environments.
• These jobs are often associated
with intense training and job
placement during and post-
college.
careers than general practitioners.
• Celebrities are often seen as
having a high social and cultural
value (perceived value)
• The entertainment industry
generates a higher amount of
revenue

Reference:
• ELI5: Why are celebrities paid higher than lawyers, doctors, and teachers :
r/explainlikeimfive
• Social Workers Deserve Higher Pay Now

36
3. Information technology enables many people to do their work outside their
workplace. Do the advantages of this mobility outweigh the disadvantages?

Advantages of job mobility Disadvantages of job mobility

• Information technology enables
workers to work more flexibly
• It is more cost-efficient for both
employees and employers (Remote
work eliminates the need for a physical
workspace).
• Employers can hire talented people
from anywhere in the world
Reference:
• ICT-enabled flexible working—all plain sailing?
• 15 advantages and disadvantages of remote work
• Employees might suffer from
numerous distractions
• Working from home can
present security risks such as
cybercrime
• Remote work can lead to
isolation and a lack of
collaboration among team
members

4. Some people argue that job satisfaction is more important than job security,
while others believe that they cannot always expect job satisfaction and a permanent
job is more important. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

The importance of job satisfaction The importance of job security

• Job satisfaction can strike a better • Job security bring greater financial
work-life balance stability for employees
• Career fulfillment can lead to • Stable employment is beneficial to
increased productivity workers’ mental health

Reference:
• What Is Job Satisfaction? Definition, Factors, Importance, Statistics, and
Examples - Spiceworks.
• The Benefits of Job Security & Stability for Employees and Employers

37
5. Many people are working longer and longer hours. What are the reasons and the
effects of this?

Reasons why people work overtime Effects of working overtime

• The need to work additional hours • Employees might suffer from
often stems from increasing burnout
demand in the workplace • It potentially leads to decreased
(increased workloads) job satisfaction
• People increasingly work • Working longer hours might lead
additional hours due to economic to poor health conditions.
pressures • It might weaken relationships
• They want to gain an opportunity
for career advancement
Reference:
• 4 REASONS EMPLOYEES WORK OVERTIME & HOW HR CAN HELP.
• Effects of overtime - Wikipedia.

Example:

The need to work additional hours often stems from increasing demand in the
workplace. To keep up with competition in an increasingly globalised marketplace,
employees are expected to assume a high volume of work, often with inadequate staff
levels and support. This has resulted in employees having to work extra hours to
compensate, which is exemplified clearly in IT-related sectors. A program developer in
Vietnam generally spends an average of 10 hours at work per day integrating
complicated software systems, which would not be necessary if he was accompanied by
a colleague.
(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

38
39
VIII. ART AND CULTURE
1. Today family members do not eat meals together. Is this a positive or negative
trend?

Positive aspects of family members not Negative aspects of family members

eating meals together not eating meals together
• Families not having meals together • With no family meals, members
endangers greater flexibility for will lose valuable opportunities to
individuals strengthen their relationships with
• Families not having meals together each other
enables greater convenience for • It promotes unhealthy eating habits
individuals
Reference:
• Why the Family Meal Is Important.
• Eating Out in Modern American Society: Why Do People Make the Choice to
Eat Outside the Home?

2. Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world.

Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between
people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

International tourism enhances International tourism can create

understanding conflict

• International tourism can forge • International tourism can cause

mutual understandings between friction between cultures since
cultures as it fosters meaningful some foreign tourists may engage
exchanges in impolite behavior
• International tourism can also
exacerbate existing social and
economic inequalities
Reference:
• World Tourism Day 2011: Tourism – Linking Cultures | UNWTO
• Tourists behaving badly: how culture shapes conduct when we're on holiday
• Tourism, job vulnerability and income inequality during the COVID-19
pandemic: A global perspective - ScienceDirect

40
3. Some people think that the government is wasting money on the arts and this
money could be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree with this view?

Proponents of funding the arts Opponents of funding the arts

• The arts have the power to unite • The arts often provide little
communities tangible benefit to society
• The arts promote cultural • The arts do not have a significant
exchange. impact on economic growth or job
• The arts enrich individuals’ lives creation
• The arts foster creativity among
residents
Reference:
• Why Government Should Invest in the Arts | Delaware Arts Alliance.
• Why should we fund the arts?
• The arts and culture: a financial burden or a way out of the crisis?
• The Importance Of Art In Society And How It Helps Us Flourish - The Studio
Director

4. Artists need a certain amount of freedom to develop their creativity. Some

people think that artists should have total freedom to express any thoughts and ideas.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Artists have a right to freedom of There should be some restrictions on

expression artistic expression

• Total artistic freedom helps artists • There should be limits to artistic

to develop their creativity expression to prevent harm to
• Total artistic freedom is individuals or society
considered as a means to promote • Curtailing artistic expression can
social change ensure a certain level of public
• Restricting artistic freedom may decency
weaken the diversity of cultural • Inhibiting artistic freedom help
expressions preserver social morality

Reference:
• Artistic Freedom
• Should there be limitations on Artistic Freedom? | Into Legal World
• Freedom of Expression in the Arts and Entertainment | American Civil
Liberties Union

41
5. Some people think the newly built houses should be the same as the old houses
in local areas. Others argue that local authorities should allow people to build houses in
their own style. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Advantages of uniformity in Advantages of free housing styles

architecture
• Conforming to existing housing • Building homes that reflect
styles helps maintain the charm of owners’ tastes and preferences can
the local area contribute to the overall diversity
• Conforming to existing styles can and richness of the neighborhood
help preserve the historic and • Being able to build homes that fit
cultural significance of the area. residents’ needs and desires can
enhance their quality of life
Reference:
• The Spirit of Place in Design | SOA Architecture
• 5 Advantages of Designing Your Own Home - BONE Structure

Example:

On the one hand, in some areas, uniformity in architecture might better represent and
preserve local culture. For example, all houses in the ancient Vietnamese city of Hoi
An, regardless of personal preference, are required to follow an architectural style that
adheres to its history as a major commercial port in Vietnam. Every so-called “tube
house” in the town is constructed with a Chinese tiled roof, Japanese support joists,
French louvered shutters and lampposts which are blended harmoniously with
indigenous Vietnamese features such as four-square windows. These architectural
characteristics cement Hoi An’s cultural identity, which has greatly contributed to its
fame as a destination for both international and domestic tourists in recent years.

(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

42
(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

43
IX. BUSINESS
1. Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and controlled
by governments rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Arguments for government control Arguments for private sector control

• Government-sponsored research • Privately funded scientific

prioritizes the needs of society research has stimulated innovation
• Scientific studies controlled by • Private companies are often more
governments will minimize the efficient than government-run
potential risks of such studies research programs
being utilized for unethical and • It promotes economic growth
illegal activities
Reference:
• Scientific Research as a Responsibility of Government
• Should govts be responsible for financing and regulating scientific research?
• Why scientific research needs both public and private support - The
Washington Post

2. Companies use different ways to increase sales. What different ways do

companies use to increase sales and what is the most effective one?

Methods to attract customers The most effective methods to increase

• Companies offer promotions to
incentivize customers to make a
purchase
• Companies use various forms of
advertising to promote their
products or services.
• Introducing new or improved
products can help increase sales
sales
• Companies should focus on
retaining existing customers
• Corporations should provide
excellent customer service
• Companies should own a one-of-a-
kind and sought out product

Reference:
• Increase sales.
• 14 Simple But Effective Techniques To Increase Sales

44
3. The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the
natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this
problem?

Causes Solutions
• The increase in production of • Companies can adopt sustainable
consumer goods can lead to the production practices
exhaustion of natural resources • The government should encourage
• The manufacturing process of sustainable consumption
consumer goods can cause • Companies can invest in green
pollution technologies
• More waste is generated into the • the government should invest in
environment waste management systems
Reference:
• Consumer society and the environmental impact on the planet
• Links between production, the environment and environmental policy

4. Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and, as a result,
people gravitate towards buying their products. What problems does this cause? What
could be done to encourage people to buy local products?

Problems Solutions

• Large businesses' production • Governments can provide

processes may result in significant incentives to support local
environmental damage companies
• Local businesses may struggle to • Companies can promote local
survive due to the competition products through marketing
from large businesses campaigns
• Product marketing of big • Governments can raise people’s
corporations may entice awareness about the benefits of
consumers to buy unnecessary buying local products
items. • At the state level, a host country
might be the beneficiary of
modern technology transfer from
international companies.
Reference:
• How to promote your business locally (17 of our top tips!)
• Competing with Giants: Survival Strategies for Local Companies in Emerging
Markets

45
 • Small businesses are quietly dying by the thousands during the coronavirus
pandemic – Chicago Tribune
• 19 Advantages and Disadvantages of Multinational Corporations |
FutureofWorking.com

5. Many countries import a large amount of food from other parts of the world. Is
this a positive or negative development?

Advantages of importing food Disadvantages of importing food

• Food imports provide a superior • Importing food products from

experience for customers (a wider
range of choice)
• Importing food potentially fosters
economic growth
other nations can adversely affect
health (chemical treatments)
• Food imports can adversely affect
local agriculture
• It can lead to environmental
pollution
• This practice can increase food
waste

Reference:
• The advantages of imported foods
• Addicted to Avocados? The Disadvantages of Importing Food

Example:

On the one hand, importing food products from other nations can adversely affect
health. Imported food is often subjected to chemical treatments to preserve its quality,
preventing it from deteriorating and oxidizing. The resultant intake of unhealthy levels
of preservatives such as aspartame or nitrosamines included in these products are long-
term risk factors for breathing problems and certain types of cancer in extreme cases.
According to recent research carried out by the Vietnamese Ministry of Health, mild
health symptoms such as upset stomachs and vomiting are linked directly to the
consumption of imported and improperly treated meat products from China.

(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

46
47
X. BUILDINGS
1. Open plan office no walls, no barriers. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

Advantages of open plan offices Disadvantages of open plan offices

• Open-space offices can increase
collaboration among employees.
• By removing physical barriers and
hierarchies, open plan offices can
promote a more inclusive
workplace culture.
• Open plan offices can be more
flexible than traditional offices.
• Open plan offices can be less
expensive to build and furnish than
traditional offices.
• Open plan offices can create a lack
of workers’ privacy.
• External factors in open plan
offices can reduce employee’s
productivity.
• Open plan offices may have
limited storage space.

Reference:
• Open Workspaces vs. Cubicles: Office Reconfiguration Pros & Cons
• The Advantages and Disadvantages of Open Plan Office Layouts
• 4 Drawbacks of the Open Space Office – And How to Fix Them
• The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Open Plan Office-Design Nation

2. Government should support old building restoration or invest in the construction

of new houses, offices and roads. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Reasons for why government should
support old building restoration or
invest in the construction of new
houses, offices and roads
• Restoring old buildings and
constructing new ones by the state
can help benefit the environment.
• Investment in infrastructure and
new construction can boost the
national economy.
• Investment in road construction
and maintenance can ensure its
residents’ safety.
Reasons for why government should
not support old building restoration or
invest in the construction of new
houses, offices and roads
• The cost of restoration or
construction projects can not be
economically feasible for
governments with limited
resources.
• Restoration or construction
projects can cause disruptions to
local communities.
• There may be conflicts between the
need for restoration or construction
and the desire to preserve historic
or cultural landmarks.

48
 Reference:
• Does demolition or refurbishment of old and inefficient homes help to increase
our environmental, social and economic viability? - ScienceDirect
• The 4 Major Benefits of Historic Restoration and Preservation
• Infrastructure development key to economic growth
• The importance of road maintenance | World Highways
• Project Management for Construction: The Owners' Perspective
• PTP Alliance • Managing Construction Impacts.

3. In some countries, most people prefer to rent their homes rather than buy them.
What are some advantages and disadvantages of renting a home?

Advantages of renting a house Disadvantages of renting a house

• Renting a house offers more • Renters have limited control over

flexibility than owning a home.
• Renting a house typically requires
lower upfront costs than buying a
home.
• Renting a house can be less risky
than owning a home, particularly
in areas with high property taxes or
volatile housing markets.
their living space compared to
homeowners.
• Renters are subject to rent
increases at the end of their lease
term, which can make it difficult to
budget for the future.
• Renters may have less privacy
than homeowners

Reference:
• 7 Reasons Renting a Home Is Better Than Buying One.
• 10 Reasons Why Renting Could Be Better Than Buying
• Pros and Cons of Renting vs Buying a Home
• The Disadvantages of Renting a Home

4. In many cities there is a lack of space to develop and as a result, in order to

modernize, old buildings are demolished and replaced with new buildings. What are
the disadvantages of knocking down old buildings? Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

Advantages of demolishing old Disadvantages of demolishing old

buildings buildings

• Demolishing these structures can • Demolition of old buildings can

eliminate the risk of safety have a significant environmental
hazards. impact.

49
 • Demolishing an old building on a
property can often increase the
overall value of the land.
• Demolishing these structures can
make way for more functional and
efficient buildings that better meet
the needs of modern users.
• Removing old buildings can cause
the loss of cultural values.
• Demolishing a building can result
in feelings of loss or resentment
among community members.

Reference:
• 8 dangers of old buildings you need to know about
• 5 Reasons Why a Building Needs To Be Demolished -
TotalDemolitionBrisbane.com.au
• Historic Buildings and Environmental Sustainability
• Mental health consequences of home demolition policy towered Palestinians:
Literature review - PMC

5. It is important for all towns and cities to have large public outdoor places like
squares and parks. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons for why cities and towns Reasons for why cities and towns should
should invest in large public outdoor not invest in large public outdoor places
places

• Large public outdoor places can
promote community
engagement.
• Access to green spaces and
outdoor recreational
opportunities has been linked to
numerous health benefits.
• Large public outdoor places can
boost the local economy.
• The cost of land, construction, and
ongoing maintenance and upkeep
can be a significant burden on a city
or town's budget.
• Large public outdoor spaces can
face many maintenance challenges.
• It can lead to limited space in some
dense areas.
• Minor infractions might be on the
rise in public areas.

Reference:
• Creating sense of community: The role of public space - ScienceDirect
• Does public space have to be green to improve well-being? An analysis of
public space across Greater London and its association to subjective well-being
- ScienceDirect
• The Economic Benefits of Great Public Places | Smart Cities Dive

50
Example:

On the one hand, minor infractions might be on the rise in public areas. A clear instance
of this is the case of Nguyen Hue pedestrian square in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Since its public opening in 2018, the square has attracted millions of visitors who enjoy
strolling, gathering with friends and enjoying quality time with family. As visitors are
tightly packed in the space and may be distracted by their friends and family, they have
become easy targets for criminals such as pickpockets. This is not only a loss for the
unfortunate victims but can also damage the image of a safe and hospitable Ho Chi
Minh City.
(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

51
52
XI. OTHER TOPICS
1. The government is spending a lot of money to discover life on other planets. Some
people think that the government is wasting their money and should spend more money
on the problems of the public. To what extent do you agree?

Reasons for why the government is Reasons for why the government
spending a lot of money to discover should spend more money on the
life on other planets. problems of the public.

• Discovering life on other planets • Government spending on public

could help better understand our
place in the universe.
• Discovering life on other planets
could enhance a country’s prestige
and influence on the world stage.
• The discovery of life on other
planets could lead to the
development of new industries,
such as space tourism and asteroid
mining.
problems can help promote
equality and reduce disparities in
society.
• Government spending on public
problems can also help boost the
economy.
• The government can also allocate
funds towards environmental
issues.

Reference:
• What other planets can teach us about Earth | Stanford News
• Is Space Exploration A Waste Of Money: Reasons?
• The Reasons why Humanity should Spend Money on Space Exploration :
[Essay Example], 991 words GradesFixer.
• Tackling Inequality on All Fronts
• Boosting the Economy: The Impact of US Government Spending Plans
• Impacts of the Allocation of Governmental Resources for Improving the
Environment. An Empirical Analysis on Developing European Countries -
PMC

2. It is often thought that the increase in juvenile crime can be attributed to violence
in the media. Do you agree that this is the main cause of juvenile crime? What solutions
can you offer to deal with this situation?

Reasons for why violence in the media Solutions for juvenile crimes
can lead to juvenile crime

• Exposure to violent media can • Educational and vocational

desensitize individuals, especially programs can help youth acquire

53
 young children, to violence and the skills and knowledge they need
aggression. to lead productive lives.
• Children are often influenced by • Community-based programs, such
the behavior of others, including as neighborhood watch groups, can
the characters they see in the help reduce juvenile crime by
media. providing a safe and supportive
• Other factors leading to juvenile environment for youth.
crimes: • Strong families can help prevent
• Children living in communities juvenile crime by providing a
with limited resources may be stable and supportive environment
more likely to engage in criminal for youth.
behavior.
• Children who come from families
with dysfunction are more likely
to engage in criminal behavior.
Reference:
• Violence in the media: Psychologists study potential harmful effects
• Monkey see, monkey do: Model behavior in early childhood - MSU Extension
• 4. Provide Opportunities for Children and Youth
• Family Instability in Childhood and Criminal Offending during the Transition
into Adulthood - PMC
• Juvenile Delinquency Prevention - Juvenile Education - Impact Law
• Neighborhood Watch

3. In some societies, the number of crimes committed by teenagers is growing.

Some people think that regardless of age, teenagers who commit major crimes should
receive adult punishment. To what extent do you agree?

Agree Disagree

• Tough punishments for juvenile • Punishing teenagers as adults can

offenders can serve as a deterrent
to other youth who may be
considering criminal behavior.
• Punishing juvenile crimes as
adults is necessary to protect the
public.
• Holding teenagers accountable for
their actions and treating them as
adults may be seen as a way to
promote personal responsibility
and discourage criminal behavior.
put them in a dangerous
environment and increase the
likelihood of future criminal
behavior.
• They may not fully comprehend
the seriousness of their actions or
understand the long-term
consequences.
• Adolescents have a greater
potential for rehabilitation than
adults.

54
 Reference:
• Juvenile Transfer Laws: An Effective Deterrent to Delinquency
• Should Juveniles Be Charged as Adults in the Criminal Justice System?
• Chapter 4 -- Risk Factors for Youth Violence
• Youth Offenders Deserve a Chance for Rehabilitation - Roll Call
• Should Juveniles Be Tried as Adults? | News | Law School
• Juvenile InJustice: Charging Youth as Adults is Ineffective, Biased, and
Harmful - Human Impact Partners

4. Scientists predict that all people will choose to speak the same global language
in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

Positive features of this trend Negative features of this trend

• A common language can help • This could result in a loss of
increase global understanding. cultural diversity.
• A universal language can simplify • There could be resistance to
international business and trade. adopting a new language, which
• When everyone speaks the same could slow down the process of
language, communication universal language adoption.
becomes much more efficient. • This could result in a loss of
• A universal language can help to richness and complexity in
preserve the cultural identity of communication.
smaller languages and dialects.
Reference:
• The Advantages Of A World With One Language
• The advantages and disadvantages of a global language
• English as a Universal Language: The Pros and Cons
• A Multilingual World: Why One Language Isn’t Universal.

5. Some people fail in school, but end up being successful in life. Why do you think
that is the case? What is the most important thing to succeed in life?

Reasons why some people fail in The most important thing to

school, but end up being successful in succeed in life
life.

• People who failed in school may • Persistence and resilience can help
have found success through a person stay motivated in the
vocational training. pursuit of their goals.

55
 • They can develop themselves • A positive mindset and attitude can
when given hands-on, practical help a person stay optimistic and
experience in a real-world setting. focused on their goals.
• Building strong relationships and a
supportive network can provide
encouragement, guidance, and
opportunities that can help a person
achieve success in life.

Reference:
• Success at School vs. Success in Life
• Vocational Courses & Colleges - Advantages & Disadvantages.
• The Power Of Perseverance: How To Stay Motivated And Succeed As An
Entrepreneur
• How a Positive Mindset Leads to Success (and Why It Works) - brilliantio

6. More and more businesses and individuals are choosing to communicate either
professionally or socially using technology rather than being face-to-face. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of using technology for communicating?

Advantages of using technology for Disadvantages of using technology for

communicating communicating

• Technology allows people to work • An overreliance on technology can

collaboratively on projects, lead to a loss of personal
regardless of their location in the connection, which can negatively
workplace. impact relationships and
• Technology makes teamwork.
communication more accessible • This trend can lead to a decreased
for people. ability to focus on important tasks.
• With technology, it can reduce • The use of technology for
communication costs. communication can also pose
security risks.

Reference:
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology on Communication Impact,
Types, and Ways
• 5 Advantages & Disadvantages of Information & Communication Technology
in Business
• Pros & Cons of Technology in Business Today

56
7. In some cities and towns all over the world, the high volume of traffic is a
problem. What are the causes of this and what actions can be taken to solve this
problem?

Causes of traffic congestion in cities Solutions for traffic congestion in

and towns
• The number of vehicles on the road
can significantly impact traffic
flow.
• Poorly designed roads and
intersections can impede traffic
flow and lead to congestion.
• It is due to the lack of alternative
transportation options like public
transportation.
cities and towns
• Providing alternative modes of
transportation can help reduce the
number of vehicles on the road.
• Congestion pricing charges drivers
a fee to enter congested areas or
roads during peak hours.
• Proper urban planning, including
well-designed roads and
intersections, can help reduce
traffic congestion.

Reference:
• The Causes of Traffic Congestion in Cities and Their Solutions.
• What Really Causes Traffic Congestion? - Bklyner
• How road pricing is tackling congestion and pollution in cities like London and
Singapore
• Asia’s Cities Need Quality Public Transport | Asian Development Blog
• Traffic Congestion: Problems and Solutions | Ohio University

8. Many criminals commit further crimes as soon as they are released from prison.
What do you think are the causes of this? What possible solutions can you suggest?

Causes of the phenomenon Solutions for the phenomenon

• Ex-offenders often face social • Addressing social stigma and
stigma and discrimination that can discrimination against ex-
make it difficult for them to find offenders can help reduce barriers
employment and housing, which to successful reentry and increase
can increase the likelihood of them their chances of leading law-
returning to criminal activity. abiding lives.
• Individuals who are released from • Providing ex-offenders with
prison may not have strong support employment opportunities can
systems to help them reintegrate help reduce the likelihood of them
into society and avoid criminal returning to criminal activity.
activity. • Establishing strong support
• Prisons may not provide sufficient systems for ex-offenders can help
rehabilitation programs to help

57
 inmates reintegrate into society them navigate the challenges of
and avoid criminal behavior. reentry and avoid criminal activity.
Reference:
• From prisons to communities: Confronting re-entry challenges and social
inequality
• THE EFFECT OF STIGMA ON CRIMINAL OFFENDERS’
FUNCTIONING: A LONGITUDINAL MEDIATIONAL MODEL* - PMC
• The Challenges of Prisoner Re-Entry Into Society | Simmons Online
• Beyond Basic Needs: Social Support and Structure for Successful Offender
Reentry
• Do post-prison job opportunities reduce recidivism?

9. Some people say that men are naturally more competitive than women. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons why men are naturally more Reasons why women are increasingly
competitive than women more competitive

• The male tendency to compete • Contemporary society has

could be an evolutionary
adaptation that has been shaped by
natural selection.
• Men may be more competitive
because they tend to have higher
levels of confidence and self-
esteem.
• In many societies, due to cultural
norms men are socialized to be
more competitive and assertive
than women.
witnessed modern women rapidly
progressing in professional and
personal spheres.
• Women have been gaining more
access to education and career
opportunities in recent years,
which can motivate them to be
more competitive in the
workplace.
• Women, like men, may be driven
by a desire for success and
achievement these days.

Reference:
• On the evolution of male competitiveness - ScienceDirect
• How Women and Men View Competition Differently | AAPL Publication
• 6.3 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity – Principles of
Social Psychology
• Separate Spheres, Female Worlds, Woman's Place: The Rhetoric of Women's
History
• Women in higher education: has the female advantage put an end to gender
inequalities?

58
10. Although there is a lot of translation software available, learning a language
could still be advantageous. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Support for translation software Support for learning a language

available
• Translation software allows for
quick and efficient translation of
text or speech, saving time
compared to manual translation.
• Using translation software can be a
more cost-effective alternative to
hiring professional translators or
language experts.
• Translation software can ensure
consistency in terminology and
phrasing, reducing the likelihood
of errors or inconsistencies in
translation.
• Learning a language can enable
people to gain a more profound
insight into foreign cultures.
• Language acquisition enables
people to have more effective
communication.
• In today's global economy,
knowing a second language can
provide a competitive edge when
seeking employment or pursuing
international career opportunities.

Reference:
• What Is Translation Software, and What Makes the Best One?
• The Advantages of Translation Software for Enterprises - Bureau Works
• Benefits of Professional Translation Software | SYSTRAN Technologies
• The Benefits of Using the News to Learn a Foreign Language
• 10 Benefits of Learning a Second Language

Example:

The first reason why people should learn a language is that they will gain a more
profound insight into foreign cultures. As they acquire a language, they can truly
understand local customs and traditions by reading original literary works or watching
documentaries. For example, a Vietnamese student who is proficient in Hindi, one of
the official languages in India, would know that head shaking in India does not mean
no and the gesture for yes looks like a no in other cultures. As a result, mutual
misunderstandings and cultural shock are more likely to be avoided, allowing them to
better adapt to a new environment.
(Edited by ex-BC examiner)

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 (Edited by ex-BC examiner)

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